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Rapport-building attempts in technology-mediated job interviews during the COVID-19 crisis 2019冠状病毒病危机期间,在技术介导的求职面试中建立关系的尝试
IF 1.1 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1515/lingvan-2022-0117
Melina De Dijn, Dorien Van De Mieroop
Abstract The COVID-19 situation has turned job interview practices upside down: while it was common to organize face-to-face job interviews, there is now a surge in technology-mediated job interviews (TMJIs). This shift to a digital medium self-evidently affects these interactions and earlier research has indeed drawn attention to the – often negative – impact of technology on interactions. For job interviews in particular, the tendency for shorter “rapport-building stages” in TMJIs is regarded as an important disadvantage. In this article, we analyze TMJIs recorded after the start of the COVID-19 crisis from a multimodal discourse analytical perspective. We specifically focus on initial sequences that are hindered by technical issues, as the limiting impact of technology is most tangible in these segments. We found that the digital medium does not necessarily prevent rapport-building efforts. Furthermore, the COVID-19 situation turned out to offer interviewers an almost self-evident point of departure for rapport-building attempts which can be viewed in the light of more encompassing facilitative actions of the recruiters. Hence, this article demonstrates that interlocutors can agentively transform technology-related deficiencies into occasions affording opportunities for potential rapport-building, especially by drawing on the shared nature of the pandemic.
摘要新冠肺炎疫情使求职面试实践发生了翻天覆地的变化:虽然组织面对面的求职面试很常见,但现在以技术为媒介的求职面试(TMJI)激增。这种向数字媒体的转变显然影响了这些互动,早期的研究确实引起了人们对技术对互动的负面影响的关注。特别是对于求职面试,TMJI中“建立融洽关系阶段”较短的趋势被认为是一个重要的缺点。在这篇文章中,我们从多模式话语分析的角度分析了新冠肺炎危机开始后记录的TMJI。我们特别关注受技术问题阻碍的初始序列,因为技术的限制性影响在这些领域最为明显。我们发现,数字媒体并不一定会阻碍建立融洽关系的努力。此外,新冠肺炎疫情为面试官提供了一个几乎不言自明的出发点,可以从招聘人员更全面的促进行动的角度来看待。因此,这篇文章表明,对话者可以通过代理人将与技术相关的缺陷转化为潜在的建立关系的机会,特别是通过利用疫情的共同性质。
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引用次数: 0
Words of scents: a linguistic analysis of online perfume reviews 香水词:在线香水评论的语言学分析
IF 1.1 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1515/lingvan-2022-0135
L. Nikitina, F. Furuoka
Abstract This study explored linguistic resources that people employ to express their perceptions and opinions of a fragrance. Several natural language processing (NLP) techniques were used, including sentiment analysis, topic modelling, and supervised classification. The data were collected from the website of Fragrantica, popular among perfume lovers, and the reviews pertained to a niche market fragrance. The findings from the sentiment analysis revealed that the positive reviews contained a greater percentage of lexis referring to the social world, social processes, sexuality, leisure, and mental states. In the negative reviews, the prevalent lexis concerned health, illness, and social conflict. The topic modelling analysis indicated that the positive reviews centred on issues related to the experience of wearing the perfume, its sensual character, and its olfactory qualities. The negative reviews focused on skin chemistry, the perfume notes, and physical reactions to the scent. The supervised classification analysis indicated notable differences in the frequency ratios of some lexical items in the positive and negative reviews.
摘要本研究探讨了人们用来表达他们对香味的感知和意见的语言资源。使用了几种自然语言处理(NLP)技术,包括情感分析、主题建模和监督分类。这些数据是从广受香水爱好者欢迎的网站Fragrantica上收集的,这些评论涉及一种小众市场的香水。情感分析的结果显示,积极评价中涉及社会世界、社会过程、性、休闲和精神状态的词汇比例更高。在负面评论中,流行的词汇与健康、疾病和社会冲突有关。主题建模分析表明,积极的评论集中在与使用香水的体验、其感官特征和嗅觉品质有关的问题上。负面评价主要集中在皮肤化学、香水气味和对气味的身体反应上。监督分类分析表明,在正面评价和负面评价中,某些词汇的频次比例存在显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
Basic word order typology revisited: a crosslinguistic quantitative study based on UD and WALS 重新审视基本语序类型学——基于UD和WALS的跨语言定量研究
IF 1.1 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1515/lingvan-2021-0001
Jianwei Yan, Haitao Liu
Abstract This study quantitatively examines the first five universals of Greenberg’s basic word order typology based on 74 large-scale annotated corpora from two perspectives. The results show that (1) the dominant orders extracted from corpora concur with those retrieved from the World Atlas of Language Structures (henceforth, WALS) and provide knowledge of dominant orders to languages absent in the WALS, demonstrating the feasibility of adopting corpora to determine dominant orders in typological studies; (2) approaching word order as a discrete variable suggests that the relative order of adjective and noun cannot be predicted by the relative orders of object and verb and genitive and noun, which means the violation of Greenberg’s related universal; (3) approaching word order as a continuous variable also indicates the violation of this universal; and (4) the language samples based on the annotated corpora database further demonstrates that languages that are in line with this universal are rare and internally heterogeneous. Our findings suggest the possibility of drawing typological conclusions based on the frequencies and probabilities extracted from corpora materials and demonstrate that a more cautious adoption of the well-known universals is needed, indicating the importance of viewing word order features from various perspectives to better capture the characteristics of natural languages.
摘要本研究基于74个大规模注释语料库,从两个角度定量考察了格林伯格基本语序类型学的前五个共性。结果表明:(1)从语料库中提取的优势序与从世界语言结构图谱(以下简称WALS)中检索到的优势序一致,为WALS中没有的语言提供了优势序知识,证明了在类型学研究中采用语料库确定优势序的可行性;(2) 将语序作为一个离散变量,说明形容词与名词的相对语序不能用宾语与动词、属格与名词的相关语序来预测,这违反了格林伯格的相关普遍性;(3) 将语序作为一个连续变量也表明了对这一普遍性的违背;(4)基于注释语料库数据库的语言样本进一步表明,符合这种普遍性的语言是罕见的,并且内部是异构的。我们的研究结果表明,有可能根据从语料库材料中提取的频率和概率得出类型学结论,并表明需要更谨慎地采用众所周知的共性,这表明从不同角度看待语序特征对于更好地捕捉自然语言特征的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Novel metaphor and embodiment: comprehending novel synesthetic metaphors 小说隐喻与具体化:对小说通感隐喻的理解
IF 1.1 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1515/lingvan-2022-0020
Yingru Zhong, K. Ahrens, Chu-Ren Huang
Abstract Linguistic synesthesia links two concepts from two distinct sensory domains and creates conceptual conflicts at the level of embodied cognition. Previous studies focused on constraints on the directionality of synesthetic mapping as a way to establish the conceptual hierarchy among the five senses (i.e., vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch). This study goes beyond examining the directionality of conventionalized synesthetic terms by adopting a Conceptual Metaphor Theory approach (i.e., the Conceptual Mapping Model) to test if conventional synesthetic directionality still holds when it comes to novel metaphorical expressions. The subjects, 308 native English speakers, are asked to judge the degree of commonness, appropriateness, understandability, and figurativeness in order to measure the degree of comprehensibility of novel synesthetic metaphors. Our findings demonstrate that novel synesthetic metaphors that follow conventional directionality are considered more common, more appropriate, and easier to comprehend than those that violate conventional mapping principles; they are also judged as more literal than those that do not follow conventional directionality. This study explores linguistic synesthesia from the perspective of comprehension of novel synesthetic metaphors, posits a pivotal position for mapping principles in synesthetic directionality, and supports an embodied account of linguistic synesthesia.
语言联觉将来自两个不同感觉域的两个概念联系起来,并在具身认知水平上产生概念冲突。以往的研究主要集中于对联觉映射的方向性的限制,作为在五种感官(即视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉和触觉)之间建立概念层次的一种方式。本研究通过采用概念隐喻理论方法(即概念映射模型)来检验常规联觉术语的方向性,以测试当涉及到新的隐喻表达时,传统的联觉方向性是否仍然成立。308名以英语为母语的受试者被要求判断通用性、适当性、可理解性和比喻性的程度,以衡量新联觉隐喻的可理解程度。我们的研究结果表明,遵循传统方向性的新联觉隐喻被认为比违反传统映射原则的联觉隐喻更常见、更合适、更容易理解;他们也被认为比那些不遵循传统方向的人更字面化。本研究从理解新的联觉隐喻的角度探讨了语言联觉,提出了联觉定向中映射原理的关键地位,并支持了语言联觉的具体化解释。
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引用次数: 0
On the role of metaphors in COVID-related political communication: an examination of Jacinda Ardern’s metaphorical language in managing the health crisis 论隐喻在与covid相关的政治传播中的作用:对杰辛达·阿德恩在管理卫生危机中的隐喻语言的考察
IF 1.1 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1515/lingvan-2022-0101
Marta Degani
Abstract In comparison to many other countries across the world, New Zealand stands out as a positive example of successfully dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic during its first outbreak. A pivotal role in this has been attributed to Jacinda Ardern, New Zealand’s prime minister, who has been praised for her effective communication throughout the crisis and her capacity to connect empathetically to the people. The present study explores Ardern’s crisis discourse by focusing on her use of metaphors to talk about COVID-19, its transmission, and the measures adopted by the New Zealand government to contain its spread. This analysis, which adopts the framework of Critical Metaphor Theory, aims at disclosing which metaphors were used by Jacinda Ardern and whether there is anything exceptional in these metaphors and their usage that could relate to Ardern’s successful management of the health crisis in its initial phase. The data consists of eight post-Cabinet press conferences given by Ardern from the beginning of the outbreak at the end of February 2020 to the day when she declared that community transmission was over (27 April 2020).
与世界上许多其他国家相比,新西兰在首次爆发时成功应对COVID-19大流行的积极例子中脱颖而出。新西兰总理杰辛达•阿德恩(Jacinda Ardern)在这方面发挥了关键作用,她因在整个危机期间的有效沟通以及与民众建立共鸣的能力而受到称赞。本研究探讨了阿德恩的危机话语,重点关注她使用隐喻来谈论COVID-19,其传播以及新西兰政府为遏制其传播所采取的措施。该分析采用了批判性隐喻理论的框架,旨在揭示杰辛达·阿德恩使用了哪些隐喻,以及这些隐喻及其使用中是否有任何例外,这些隐喻及其使用可能与阿德恩在其初始阶段成功管理健康危机有关。这些数据包括从2020年2月底疫情开始到她宣布社区传播结束的那一天(2020年4月27日),阿德恩在内阁后举行的八次新闻发布会。
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引用次数: 0
Cerebral asymmetries in the processing of opaque compounds in L1 Polish and L2 English 一级波兰语和二级英语中不透明化合物处理过程中的大脑不对称
IF 1.1 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1515/lingvan-2022-0085
Krzysztof Hwaszcz, H. Kędzierska
Abstract We report the results of a cross-modal priming study investigating the processing of opaque compound words, when followed by figuratively and literally related primes, in L1 (Polish) and L2 (English). Additionally, the half-divided visual field paradigm was used to verify which cerebral hemisphere is responsible for semantic decomposition, and whether the language status will lead to different activation patterns. The left hemisphere is generally believed to process the more salient or conventional meanings of figurative expressions, and the right hemisphere their less salient or unconventional meanings. However, this assumption has not so far been verified for compounds. The results suggest that both the figurative and the literal meanings of opaque compounds were processed significantly faster by the left hemisphere in the case of L1 Polish. No statistically significant differences were obtained for L2 English. At the same time, English compounds were overall processed significantly faster than Polish compounds.
摘要我们报道了一项跨模态启动研究的结果,该研究调查了L1(波兰语)和L2(英语)中不透明复合词的处理,当后面跟着比喻和字面相关的启动时。此外,使用半分割视野范式来验证哪个大脑半球负责语义分解,以及语言状态是否会导致不同的激活模式。左半球通常被认为处理比喻表达中更突出或传统的含义,而右半球处理不那么突出或非传统的含义。然而,到目前为止,这一假设还没有得到化合物的验证。结果表明,在L1波兰语的情况下,不透明化合物的比喻和字面含义都被左半球处理得明显更快。二语英语没有统计学上的显著差异。同时,英语化合物的总体处理速度明显快于波兰语化合物。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of L2 German on grammatical gender access in L1 Polish: proficiency matters 二语德语对一语波兰语语法性别访问的影响:熟练程度问题
IF 1.1 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1515/lingvan-2022-0068
Kamil Długosz
Abstract Previous research has shown that bilinguals process nouns that have the same grammatical gender in their two languages faster than nouns that differ in gender between L1 and L2. This finding, referred to as the gender congruency effect, has so far only been documented in L2. Hence, the aim of the present study was to examine whether late unbalanced bilinguals would also show gender congruency effects in their L1. To that end, 44 L1 Polish/L2 German bilinguals were tested in a gender decision task in Polish, which included gender-congruent and gender-incongruent nouns. The results revealed a robust gender congruency effect in L1, which was limited to bilinguals with very high L2 proficiency. This indicates that bilinguals activate grammatical gender information in L2 when accessing gender in L1, providing that they are highly proficient in L2. More broadly, the study demonstrates that foreign language knowledge can affect native language performance in exclusively native contexts. Finally, as a first attempt to examine grammatical gender access in Polish, this study shows that feminine gender is accessed faster compared to masculine and neuter, suggesting that the ending -a is the most reliable gender cue in Polish.
摘要先前的研究表明,双语者处理两种语言中语法性别相同的名词的速度要快于处理L1和L2中性别不同的名词。这一发现被称为性别一致性效应,迄今为止只在L2中有记载。因此,本研究的目的是检验晚期不平衡双语者是否也会在L1中表现出性别一致性效应。为此,对44名一级波兰语/二级德语双语者进行了波兰语性别决策任务测试,其中包括性别一致和性别不一致的名词。研究结果显示,母语中存在强烈的性别一致性效应,这仅限于二语水平非常高的双语者。这表明,双语者在获取一级语言中的性别信息时,激活了二级语言中语法性别信息,前提是他们高度精通二级语言。更广泛地说,这项研究表明,外语知识可以影响纯母语环境下的母语表现。最后,作为对波兰语语法性别获取的首次尝试,本研究表明,与阳性和中性相比,阴性性别的获取速度更快,这表明结尾-a是波兰语中最可靠的性别线索。
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引用次数: 0
Are preschool children sensitive to the function of accessibility markers? A visual world study with German-speaking three- to four-year-olds 学龄前儿童对可及性标记的功能是否敏感?对讲德语的三到四岁儿童的视觉世界研究
IF 1.1 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1515/lingvan-2022-0066
Ina Lehmkuhle, Sarah Schimke
Abstract Little is known about when children understand the function of anaphoric referring expressions to signal different degrees of accessibility of discourse referents. This visual world study investigates German-speaking three- to four-year-olds’ online processing and offline interpretation of repeated names and personal pronouns in a context where reference is made to highly accessible discourse referents. Repeated names are markers of low accessibility, whereas personal pronouns are preferentially used to refer to highly accessible referents. For online processing, results showed a significant effect of referring expression: children looked at the target picture more often after hearing a personal pronoun than after hearing repeated names. Offline results revealed no significant differences between the two conditions. We conclude that German-speaking preschool children are sensitive to the function of accessibility markers during online processing, and suggest that the difference between online and offline results may be due to the different task demands.
关于儿童何时理解回指指称表达对语篇指称对象不同程度可及性的信号作用,我们知之甚少。这项视觉世界研究调查了讲德语的三到四岁儿童在提及高度可访问的话语指称的情况下,对重复名称和人称代词的在线处理和离线解释。重复的名字是低可及性的标志,而人称代词优先用于指代高可及的指称。对于在线处理,结果显示了指称表达的显著影响:孩子们在听到人称代词后比在听到重复的名字后更经常地看目标图片。离线结果显示两种情况之间没有显著差异。我们得出的结论是,德语学龄前儿童在在线处理过程中对可达性标记的功能很敏感,并认为在线和离线结果之间的差异可能是由于任务需求的不同。
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引用次数: 0
Outsourcing teenage language: a participatory approach for exploring speech and text messaging 外包青少年语言:探索语音和短信的参与式方法
IF 1.1 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1515/lingvan-2021-0152
Kadri Koreinik, Aive Mandel, Maarja-Liisa Pilvik, Kristiina Praakli, Virve Vihman
Abstract This paper presents a remote method used for engaging teenagers as citizen sociolinguists within the research project Teen Speak in Estonia. The project, launched in January 2020, aims to investigate young people’s language by creating the first systematic dual corpus of Estonian teenagers’ spoken language and text messaging. Previously, youth language in Estonia has not been the subject of much research. Yet scholarly attention to teenage language usage has been on the rise internationally, with corpora compiled in English and several other languages. The article describes the process of recruiting and training participants, as well as adjustments made to data collection in connection with the outbreak of COVID-19 and the restrictions which followed. While the pandemic did modestly interfere with the participatory approach, the data collection was successfully carried out, thanks primarily to well-networked and dedicated 9- to 18-year-old participants. Notwithstanding a gender imbalance, the corpus of 97 h of speech and nearly 60,000 words of text messages will facilitate research into Estonian teenagers’ Estonian–English codeswitching and other linguistic features, across two registers. The remote method is recommended for use elsewhere, especially in places where mutual trust prevails, and teenagers claim a fair amount of independence, responsibility and facility with online applications.
本文提出了一种远程方法,用于参与青少年作为公民社会语言学家在爱沙尼亚的研究项目青少年说话。该项目于2020年1月启动,旨在通过创建爱沙尼亚青少年口语和短信的第一个系统双语料库来调查年轻人的语言。在此之前,爱沙尼亚的青年语言并不是很多研究的主题。然而,学术界对青少年语言使用的关注在国际上一直在上升,语料库以英语和其他几种语言编写。本文描述了招募和培训参与者的过程,以及针对COVID-19爆发和随后的限制对数据收集进行的调整。虽然大流行病确实对参与性方法造成了一定程度的干扰,但数据收集工作还是成功进行了,这主要归功于9至18岁的参与者,他们有着良好的网络和敬业的精神。尽管性别不平衡,但97 h的语料库和近6万字的短信将有助于研究爱沙尼亚青少年的爱沙尼亚语-英语代码转换和其他语言特征,跨越两个语区。建议在其他地方使用远程方法,特别是在相互信任普遍存在的地方,青少年声称在网上申请方面有相当大的独立性、责任感和便利。
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引用次数: 1
Frontmatter 头版头条
2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/lingvan-2023-frontmatters2
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引用次数: 0
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Linguistics Vanguard
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