The dynamics of semiconductor lasers subject to dual optical injections are numerically investigated with a zero linewidth enhancement factor. With the aid of stability maps, we show that different chaotic and nonlinear dynamics can be produced (even with zero linewidth enhancement factor) by injecting an additional optical signal. We also study the bifurcation of the system and the carrier dynamics under dual optical injection and a zero linewidth enhancement factor.
{"title":"Dual Optical Injection in Semiconductor Lasers with Zero Henry Factor","authors":"Najm M. Al-Hosiny","doi":"10.1155/2024/6658471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6658471","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of semiconductor lasers subject to dual optical injections are numerically investigated with a zero linewidth enhancement factor. With the aid of stability maps, we show that different chaotic and nonlinear dynamics can be produced (even with zero linewidth enhancement factor) by injecting an additional optical signal. We also study the bifurcation of the system and the carrier dynamics under dual optical injection and a zero linewidth enhancement factor.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuang Peng, Yang Gao, Xinrui Zhang, Boyan Zhang, Bingxin Yan, Bo Su, Hailin Cui, Cunlin Zhang
Graphene quantum dots are quasi-zero-dimensional nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical properties. This study utilized a terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy system to analyze the absorption characteristics of THz-waves by graphene quantum dots at different concentrations. Additionally, we applied electric fields and magnetic field to explore the THz-wave absorption properties of graphene quantum dots in greater detail. The results indicate that the THz absorbance of graphene quantum dots is positively correlated with sample concentration and applied electric field strength. However, it is negatively correlated with the intensity of the applied magnetic field. This work combines THz technology and microfluidic devices to propose a viable methodology for conducting in-depth study on graphene quantum dots.
{"title":"Study on the Terahertz Spectroscopy Properties of Graphene Quantum Dots Based on Microfluidic Chip","authors":"Zhuang Peng, Yang Gao, Xinrui Zhang, Boyan Zhang, Bingxin Yan, Bo Su, Hailin Cui, Cunlin Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2024/5096965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5096965","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene quantum dots are quasi-zero-dimensional nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical properties. This study utilized a terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy system to analyze the absorption characteristics of THz-waves by graphene quantum dots at different concentrations. Additionally, we applied electric fields and magnetic field to explore the THz-wave absorption properties of graphene quantum dots in greater detail. The results indicate that the THz absorbance of graphene quantum dots is positively correlated with sample concentration and applied electric field strength. However, it is negatively correlated with the intensity of the applied magnetic field. This work combines THz technology and microfluidic devices to propose a viable methodology for conducting in-depth study on graphene quantum dots.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140809345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rapid development of information, energy, and materials industries in China, the demand for high-performance polymers is gradually increasing. Photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) has emerged as an ideal choice for high-performance optoelectronic materials due to its outstanding thermal stability, mechanical strength, and low dielectric constant. In particular, bio-based photosensitive polyimide prepared from bio-based chemicals, as a green polymer material, not only reflects the advantages of environmental protection and resource efficiency but also contributes to carbon neutrality. However, how to improve the photolithography efficiency while maintaining the thermodynamic performance and environmental friendliness and how to balance the pros and cons of low-molecular-weight matrixes are still challenges in the research. This review systematically summarizes the synthesis and performance characteristics of photosensitive polyimides, bio-based polyimide, and bio-based photosensitive polyimides and further explores the future application prospects of bio-based polyimides in the field of high-performance optoelectronic materials.
{"title":"Advancements in Synthesis Strategies and Optoelectronic Applications of Bio-Based Photosensitive Polyimides","authors":"Guangning Yu, Qiwen Ma, Hai-Yang Chang, Rongrong Zheng, Cheng Wang, Li-Ying Guo","doi":"10.1155/2024/5541865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5541865","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of information, energy, and materials industries in China, the demand for high-performance polymers is gradually increasing. Photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) has emerged as an ideal choice for high-performance optoelectronic materials due to its outstanding thermal stability, mechanical strength, and low dielectric constant. In particular, bio-based photosensitive polyimide prepared from bio-based chemicals, as a green polymer material, not only reflects the advantages of environmental protection and resource efficiency but also contributes to carbon neutrality. However, how to improve the photolithography efficiency while maintaining the thermodynamic performance and environmental friendliness and how to balance the pros and cons of low-molecular-weight matrixes are still challenges in the research. This review systematically summarizes the synthesis and performance characteristics of photosensitive polyimides, bio-based polyimide, and bio-based photosensitive polyimides and further explores the future application prospects of bio-based polyimides in the field of high-performance optoelectronic materials.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140005757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Z. Yaqoob, Ahtisham Ali, Majeed A. S. Alkanhal, A. Ghaffar, Y. Khan, M. Umair
In this study, the propagation characteristics of EM surface waves supported by the graphene-coated indium antimonide (InSb) planar waveguide have been investigated theoretically and numerically. The modeling of graphene has been performed by use of Kubo formalism whereas the relative permittivity of indium antimonide has been calculated using Drude’s model. The results for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized surface waves have been computed analytically and numerically. The major challenge is to model the atomically thick graphene sheet over the InSb grounded slab. To get the temperature-dependent characteristic equation for the electromagnetic surface waves, the surface current boundary conditions’ approach has been employed. The numerical results have been computed for both the TE and TM polarization states and reported that the TE does not support the propagation of surface waves. The dispersion relation, effective mode index, phase speed, propagation length, and field profile have been computed in Mathematica under TM polarization. The graphene and indium antimonide have been found active for low and high Terahertz regions, respectively. As temperature increases, the plasma frequency of the InSb increases due to this reason with the increase of temperature and the resonance frequency, leading to a shift in the dispersion curve. Moreover, with the increase of temperature, the effective wave number of transverse magnetic polarized surface waves also increases. Resultantly, the confinement of such surface waves supported by graphene-loaded InSb increases. It is shown that with the variation of temperature of indium antimonide, the surface waves propagating across the interface can be tuned in the Terahertz region and can be exploited for thermo-optical sensing, near-field communications waveguides, and graphene-based temperature sensor designing.
本研究对石墨烯涂层锑化铟（InSb）平面波导支持的电磁表面波的传播特性进行了理论和数值研究。石墨烯的建模使用了 Kubo 公式，而锑化铟的相对介电常数则使用 Drude 模型计算。横向电（TE）和横向磁（TM）极化表面波的结果是通过分析和数值计算得出的。主要的挑战在于对 InSb 接地平板上原子厚度的石墨烯薄片进行建模。为了得到与温度相关的电磁表面波特征方程，我们采用了表面电流边界条件方法。计算了 TE 和 TM 偏振态的数值结果，结果表明 TE 不支持表面波的传播。我们在 Mathematica 中计算了 TM 极化条件下的色散关系、有效模式指数、相位速度、传播长度和场剖面。研究发现，石墨烯和锑化铟分别在低太赫兹和高太赫兹区域具有活力。随着温度的升高，锑化铟的等离子体频率也随之升高。此外，随着温度的升高，横向磁极化表面波的有效波数也会增加。因此，由石墨烯负载的 InSb 支持的这种表面波的约束性增加了。研究表明，随着锑化铟温度的变化，跨界面传播的表面波可以在太赫兹区域进行调整，并可用于热光学传感、近场通信波导和基于石墨烯的温度传感器设计。
{"title":"Temperature-Dependent Electromagnetic Surface Wave Supported by Graphene-Loaded Indium Antimonide Planar Structure","authors":"M. Z. Yaqoob, Ahtisham Ali, Majeed A. S. Alkanhal, A. Ghaffar, Y. Khan, M. Umair","doi":"10.1155/2024/9607121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9607121","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the propagation characteristics of EM surface waves supported by the graphene-coated indium antimonide (InSb) planar waveguide have been investigated theoretically and numerically. The modeling of graphene has been performed by use of Kubo formalism whereas the relative permittivity of indium antimonide has been calculated using Drude’s model. The results for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized surface waves have been computed analytically and numerically. The major challenge is to model the atomically thick graphene sheet over the InSb grounded slab. To get the temperature-dependent characteristic equation for the electromagnetic surface waves, the surface current boundary conditions’ approach has been employed. The numerical results have been computed for both the TE and TM polarization states and reported that the TE does not support the propagation of surface waves. The dispersion relation, effective mode index, phase speed, propagation length, and field profile have been computed in Mathematica under TM polarization. The graphene and indium antimonide have been found active for low and high Terahertz regions, respectively. As temperature increases, the plasma frequency of the InSb increases due to this reason with the increase of temperature and the resonance frequency, leading to a shift in the dispersion curve. Moreover, with the increase of temperature, the effective wave number of transverse magnetic polarized surface waves also increases. Resultantly, the confinement of such surface waves supported by graphene-loaded InSb increases. It is shown that with the variation of temperature of indium antimonide, the surface waves propagating across the interface can be tuned in the Terahertz region and can be exploited for thermo-optical sensing, near-field communications waveguides, and graphene-based temperature sensor designing.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139105302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed S. Qusailah, Abdu A. Alkelly, Wafa’a A. Al-Bahry
Based on the Huygens–Fresnel integral and ABCD matrix, the propagation equation for the Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam (LGVB) in a gradient-index medium (GRIN) is rederived. The evolution of the intensity and phase distributions of an LGVB through a GRIN medium are numerically calculated as a function of the gradient-index parameter with changes in the incident beam parameters. The results showed that the propagation path and intensity distributions changed periodically with increasing propagation distance. In contrast, phase distributions change at multiples of <span><svg height="12.7178pt" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 13.04 12.7178" width="13.04pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.684,0)"></path></g></svg><span></span><svg height="12.7178pt" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="12.9951838 -9.28833 7.724 12.7178" width="7.724pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.045,0)"></path></g></svg></span> or <span><svg height="12.7178pt" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 19.28 12.7178" width="19.28pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-238"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.924,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-48"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height="12.7178pt" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="19.2351838 -9.28833 7.747 12.7178" width="7.747pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,19.285,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-224"></use></g></svg>,</span></span> depending on whether the <svg height="8.68572pt" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 12.9526 8.68572" width="12.9526pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"></path></g></svg> values are odd or even, respectively. At the same time, the parameters of the gradient index determine the periodic values of the Lorentz–Gauss vortex beams during propagation, and as <svg height="12.7178pt" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 7.68094 12.7178" width="7.68094pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-224"></use></g></svg> increased, the period of evolution decreased. The Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam propagating through the gradient index will develop from a square beam to a Gaussian vortex beam more quickly with an increase of <span><svg height="11.4899pt
{"title":"The Propagation Properties of a Lorentz–Gauss Vortex Beam in a Gradient-Index Medium","authors":"Mohammed S. Qusailah, Abdu A. Alkelly, Wafa’a A. Al-Bahry","doi":"10.1155/2023/3772408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3772408","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the Huygens–Fresnel integral and ABCD matrix, the propagation equation for the Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam (LGVB) in a gradient-index medium (GRIN) is rederived. The evolution of the intensity and phase distributions of an LGVB through a GRIN medium are numerically calculated as a function of the gradient-index parameter with changes in the incident beam parameters. The results showed that the propagation path and intensity distributions changed periodically with increasing propagation distance. In contrast, phase distributions change at multiples of <span><svg height=\"12.7178pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -9.28833 13.04 12.7178\" width=\"13.04pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.684,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><svg height=\"12.7178pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"12.9951838 -9.28833 7.724 12.7178\" width=\"7.724pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.045,0)\"></path></g></svg></span> or <span><svg height=\"12.7178pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -9.28833 19.28 12.7178\" width=\"19.28pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-238\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.924,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-48\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"12.7178pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"19.2351838 -9.28833 7.747 12.7178\" width=\"7.747pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,19.285,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-224\"></use></g></svg>,</span></span> depending on whether the <svg height=\"8.68572pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.0498209pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 12.9526 8.68572\" width=\"12.9526pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g></svg> values are odd or even, respectively. At the same time, the parameters of the gradient index determine the periodic values of the Lorentz–Gauss vortex beams during propagation, and as <svg height=\"12.7178pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -9.28833 7.68094 12.7178\" width=\"7.68094pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-224\"></use></g></svg> increased, the period of evolution decreased. The Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam propagating through the gradient index will develop from a square beam to a Gaussian vortex beam more quickly with an increase of <span><svg height=\"11.4899pt","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139057876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Willy André Kangmafo Miendjim, Caouis Kammegne, Thomas Tamo Tatietse, Jimmi Hervé Talla Mbé
Using the Lugiato–Lefever model, we base on the hysteresis approach to analyze the coexistence domain of bright and dark solitons in the zero, normal, and anomalous dispersion regimes. Our results also highlight that the fourth-order dispersion term affects the width of the frequency combs of both dark and bright solitons. It also allows the appearance of dispersive waves on the soliton spectra that disappear for high values of the fourth-order dispersion followed by the soliton destabilization into harmonic oscillations and oscillation packages.
{"title":"Effect of the Dispersion Orders on the Widths of the Coexistence Domain and Combs Spectra of Bright and Dark Solitons in Microresonators","authors":"Willy André Kangmafo Miendjim, Caouis Kammegne, Thomas Tamo Tatietse, Jimmi Hervé Talla Mbé","doi":"10.1155/2023/5537645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5537645","url":null,"abstract":"Using the Lugiato–Lefever model, we base on the hysteresis approach to analyze the coexistence domain of bright and dark solitons in the zero, normal, and anomalous dispersion regimes. Our results also highlight that the fourth-order dispersion term affects the width of the frequency combs of both dark and bright solitons. It also allows the appearance of dispersive waves on the soliton spectra that disappear for high values of the fourth-order dispersion followed by the soliton destabilization into harmonic oscillations and oscillation packages.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138554371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a new configuration of dielectric-metal-dielectric (DMD) waveguides to design optical logic gates. Seven plasmonic logic gates, including NOT, OR, AND, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR, are realized by one nanoring and four DMD plasmonic waveguides. To realize the logic gates, an ultrasmall size of 300 nm × 300 nm device is designed. The performance of the plasmonic logic gates is based on constructive and deconstructive interference between input and control ports. To evaluate the logic state of the output port, the threshold transmission limit is assumed to be 0.35. The transmission ratio, T, contrast ratio, CR, modulation depth, MD, insertion loss, IL, and contrast loss, CL, parameters measure the seven logic gates’ performance. A maximum T of 232% is obtained for AND, OR, and XNOR logic gates. Simulation results show that the dimensional parameters are optimized because of very high MD for all seven logic gates. Maximum values of CR and CL are obtained for the NOT gate. For the AND gate, a minimum IL value is achieved. The studied plasmonic logic gates can be employed in building blocks of all-optical signal-processing nanocircuits and nanophotonics devices. The finite element method (FEM) simulates the structure with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software.
{"title":"Design of Ultrasmall Plasmonic Logic Gates Based on Single Nanoring Dielectric-Metal-Dielectric Waveguide","authors":"Salma Ali Sadeq, Mohsen Hayati, Saba Khosravi","doi":"10.1155/2023/4489791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4489791","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new configuration of dielectric-metal-dielectric (DMD) waveguides to design optical logic gates. Seven plasmonic logic gates, including NOT, OR, AND, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR, are realized by one nanoring and four DMD plasmonic waveguides. To realize the logic gates, an ultrasmall size of 300 nm × 300 nm device is designed. The performance of the plasmonic logic gates is based on constructive and deconstructive interference between input and control ports. To evaluate the logic state of the output port, the threshold transmission limit is assumed to be 0.35. The transmission ratio, <i>T</i>, contrast ratio, CR, modulation depth, MD, insertion loss, IL, and contrast loss, CL, parameters measure the seven logic gates’ performance. A maximum <i>T</i> of 232% is obtained for AND, OR, and XNOR logic gates. Simulation results show that the dimensional parameters are optimized because of very high MD for all seven logic gates. Maximum values of CR and CL are obtained for the NOT gate. For the AND gate, a minimum IL value is achieved. The studied plasmonic logic gates can be employed in building blocks of all-optical signal-processing nanocircuits and nanophotonics devices. The finite element method (FEM) simulates the structure with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Borophene is a novel two-dimensional material with abundant crystal structure and photoelectric properties. We focus on the effect of co-doping on the electronic structure and optical properties of borophene using the first-principles method. The results show that the structure of Al and Ga co-doped borophene is obviously distorted because Al and Ga atoms have formed bonds with a bond length of 2.378 Å, and the two B atoms that bond together with Al and Ga are no longer formed bonds. However, it is also a two-dimensional planar structure after co-doping. After co-doping, the band gap width of the borophene system is narrowed from 1.409 eV to 1.376 eV, and the band gap is narrowed by 0.033 eV. Mulliken population analysis shows an obvious charge transfer between Al-B and Ga-B atoms in the co-doped borophene. The calculation of optical properties shows that the static dielectric constant ε1 (0) increases from 5.08 to 7.01, and ε2 (ω) is larger than that of the undoped sample in the low-energy range. Thus, the co-doping of Al and Ga can enhance the electromagnetic energy storage capacity and the visible light absorption ability. Although the reflectance of borophene is reduced by co-doping (the peak of the reflectivity can be decreased from 71% to 61% at E = 2.94 eV), it still presents metallic reflection characteristics. The static refractive index n0 can be increased from 2.25 to 2.65 by co-doping. The extinction coefficient shows strong band edge absorption at the low-energy range with an absorption edge of 0.85 eV. The light loss is limited to a very narrow energy range of approximately 7.30 eV, which indicates that borophene co-doped with Al and Ga can also be used as a light storage material. The optical conductivity reaches its maximum at E = 1.78 eV and 2.52 eV, which correspond to the light irradiation with a wavelength of 698 nm (red light) and 492 nm (cyan light), respectively. The results show that the Al-Ga co-doped borophene is sensitive to cyan light and red light, so it can be used to make photosensitive devices. The results can hopefully fill the gap in the application of borophene in semiconductor photoelectric devices and provide a theoretical basis for its application.
{"title":"Effect of Co-Doping on the Photoelectric Properties of the Novel Two-Dimensional Material Borophene","authors":"Chunhong Zhang, Zhongzheng Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2023/1603014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1603014","url":null,"abstract":"Borophene is a novel two-dimensional material with abundant crystal structure and photoelectric properties. We focus on the effect of co-doping on the electronic structure and optical properties of borophene using the first-principles method. The results show that the structure of Al and Ga co-doped borophene is obviously distorted because Al and Ga atoms have formed bonds with a bond length of 2.378 Å, and the two B atoms that bond together with Al and Ga are no longer formed bonds. However, it is also a two-dimensional planar structure after co-doping. After co-doping, the band gap width of the borophene system is narrowed from 1.409 eV to 1.376 eV, and the band gap is narrowed by 0.033 eV. Mulliken population analysis shows an obvious charge transfer between Al-B and Ga-B atoms in the co-doped borophene. The calculation of optical properties shows that the static dielectric constant ε1 (0) increases from 5.08 to 7.01, and ε2 (ω) is larger than that of the undoped sample in the low-energy range. Thus, the co-doping of Al and Ga can enhance the electromagnetic energy storage capacity and the visible light absorption ability. Although the reflectance of borophene is reduced by co-doping (the peak of the reflectivity can be decreased from 71% to 61% at E = 2.94 eV), it still presents metallic reflection characteristics. The static refractive index n0 can be increased from 2.25 to 2.65 by co-doping. The extinction coefficient shows strong band edge absorption at the low-energy range with an absorption edge of 0.85 eV. The light loss is limited to a very narrow energy range of approximately 7.30 eV, which indicates that borophene co-doped with Al and Ga can also be used as a light storage material. The optical conductivity reaches its maximum at E = 1.78 eV and 2.52 eV, which correspond to the light irradiation with a wavelength of 698 nm (red light) and 492 nm (cyan light), respectively. The results show that the Al-Ga co-doped borophene is sensitive to cyan light and red light, so it can be used to make photosensitive devices. The results can hopefully fill the gap in the application of borophene in semiconductor photoelectric devices and provide a theoretical basis for its application.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":"10 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135678991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Moshiur Rahman, Farhana Akter Mou, Mohammed Imamul Hassan Bhuiyan, Mohammad Rakibul Islam
The presence of albumin in human urine is one of the confirmed early symptoms of kidney dysfunction. A precise urine protein identification process is very important to monitor the kidney’s proper functioning. To identify the presence of albumin in urine, a refractometric protein sensing approach in the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) environment has been introduced here. A PCF geometry with suspended cladding and a circular hollow core has been proposed and investigated in the terahertz (THz) spectrum for protein identification in the liquid samples. Three levels of albumin concentrations in urine (7–125 mg/dl, 250–500 mg/dl, and 1000 mg/dl) are considered to evaluate the sensing performances of the proposed PCF. The numerical investigations are performed on the COMSOL Multiphysics platform where the finite element method (FEM) figures out the numerical outcomes. The performances of the proposed PCF exhibit highly sensitive characteristics for albumin identification in the different albumin concentration levels of urine. The sensitivity shows more than 98.5% for all the tested concentration levels due to the strategic selection of geometrical parameters and proper optimization. Alongside, negligible confinement loss of 10−16 cm−1 is attained at the same operating point of 4.3 THz. Furthermore, dispersion profiles and practical implementation strategies are also investigated and discussed in detail.
{"title":"Refractometric Sensing of Protein in Urine by the Photonic Crystal Fiber Biosensor in THz Regime","authors":"Md. Moshiur Rahman, Farhana Akter Mou, Mohammed Imamul Hassan Bhuiyan, Mohammad Rakibul Islam","doi":"10.1155/2023/6652333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6652333","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of albumin in human urine is one of the confirmed early symptoms of kidney dysfunction. A precise urine protein identification process is very important to monitor the kidney’s proper functioning. To identify the presence of albumin in urine, a refractometric protein sensing approach in the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) environment has been introduced here. A PCF geometry with suspended cladding and a circular hollow core has been proposed and investigated in the terahertz (THz) spectrum for protein identification in the liquid samples. Three levels of albumin concentrations in urine (7–125 mg/dl, 250–500 mg/dl, and 1000 mg/dl) are considered to evaluate the sensing performances of the proposed PCF. The numerical investigations are performed on the COMSOL Multiphysics platform where the finite element method (FEM) figures out the numerical outcomes. The performances of the proposed PCF exhibit highly sensitive characteristics for albumin identification in the different albumin concentration levels of urine. The sensitivity shows more than 98.5% for all the tested concentration levels due to the strategic selection of geometrical parameters and proper optimization. Alongside, negligible confinement loss of 10−16 cm−1 is attained at the same operating point of 4.3 THz. Furthermore, dispersion profiles and practical implementation strategies are also investigated and discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":"3 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136376466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xianchao Wang, Yong Zhang, Xingyong Hong, Honghai Wang
In order to meet the heavy backprojection calculation of the backprojection filtration (BPF) algorithm in circular cone-beam computed tomography (CT), a fast backprojection method is developed, which uses the integral operator of the fixed scanning angle integral interval. The proposed method combines with Hilbert filtration and the filter of the Blackman window, and then, the fast BPF (F-BPF) algorithm is obtained. The experimental results of simulation data and real data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is fast enough for high-quality reconstructed images only with half-circle projection data.
{"title":"Fast Backprojection Filtration Algorithm in Circular Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","authors":"Xianchao Wang, Yong Zhang, Xingyong Hong, Honghai Wang","doi":"10.1155/2023/1749624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1749624","url":null,"abstract":"In order to meet the heavy backprojection calculation of the backprojection filtration (BPF) algorithm in circular cone-beam computed tomography (CT), a fast backprojection method is developed, which uses the integral operator of the fixed scanning angle integral interval. The proposed method combines with Hilbert filtration and the filter of the Blackman window, and then, the fast BPF (F-BPF) algorithm is obtained. The experimental results of simulation data and real data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is fast enough for high-quality reconstructed images only with half-circle projection data.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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