Yuchai Li, Siyu Qian, Hangyu Zhou, Huimin Jiang, Xue Wang, Bo Su, Cunlin Zhang
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have excellent electronic, mechanical, and structural characteristics; however, their poor dispersion structure and large aggregates severely inhibit their function. A stable MWCNT dispersion in an aqueous solvent has been realized via ultrasonic dispersion and surfactant modification, providing a reference for improving MWCNT dispersion in various materials and solvents. In this study, a cyclic olefin copolymer with high transmittance to terahertz (THz) waves is used to prepare microfluidic chips. Then, the microfluidic and THz technologies are combined to study the THz absorption characteristics of MWCNT aqueous dispersion under different electric field (EF) intensities, magnetic field (MF) intensities, and MF action time. The results show that the THz spectral intensity of MWCNT aqueous dispersion decreases and the absorption coefficient increases with the increase of EF intensity, MF intensity, and MF action time. This phenomenon is explained from a microscopic perspective. The combination of microfluidic and THz technologies provides technical support for studying the characteristics of MWCNT aqueous dispersion and lays a foundation for elucidating the molecular microstructure of MWCNT aqueous dispersion.
{"title":"Terahertz Absorption Characteristics of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Aqueous Dispersion Measured by Microfluidic Technique","authors":"Yuchai Li, Siyu Qian, Hangyu Zhou, Huimin Jiang, Xue Wang, Bo Su, Cunlin Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2022/3724306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3724306","url":null,"abstract":"Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have excellent electronic, mechanical, and structural characteristics; however, their poor dispersion structure and large aggregates severely inhibit their function. A stable MWCNT dispersion in an aqueous solvent has been realized via ultrasonic dispersion and surfactant modification, providing a reference for improving MWCNT dispersion in various materials and solvents. In this study, a cyclic olefin copolymer with high transmittance to terahertz (THz) waves is used to prepare microfluidic chips. Then, the microfluidic and THz technologies are combined to study the THz absorption characteristics of MWCNT aqueous dispersion under different electric field (EF) intensities, magnetic field (MF) intensities, and MF action time. The results show that the THz spectral intensity of MWCNT aqueous dispersion decreases and the absorption coefficient increases with the increase of EF intensity, MF intensity, and MF action time. This phenomenon is explained from a microscopic perspective. The combination of microfluidic and THz technologies provides technical support for studying the characteristics of MWCNT aqueous dispersion and lays a foundation for elucidating the molecular microstructure of MWCNT aqueous dispersion.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41855387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fluorescence radiation property at the edge of the thin disk crystal is very important to the design of thin disk lasers. In order to study this effect, in this paper, we established a theoretical model to describe the edge fluorescence radiation process in thin disk lasers. Subsequently, we used a thin disk crystal with indium absorption cladding to quantitatively test the edge fluorescence intensity. The significant difference between measured and simulated data can be described as P (probability value) < 0.1 at the edge when the measured temperature is lower than the melting point of the metal cladding, and P < 0.05 at the pump area. Finally, we analyze the influence of the edge fluorescence radiation on the thin disk laser operation, and the results show that the edge thermal effect will reduce the conversion efficiency of the disk laser by 20%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantitative study on the edge radiation intensity of disk lasers. The research can provide theoretical guidance for the designing and packaging process of crystal elements in thin disk lasers.
{"title":"Fluorescence Radiation and Thermal Effect at the Edge of the Disk-Shaped Laser Crystal","authors":"Yongqi Chen, Si Chen, Yuzhi Huang, Xianshi Jia, Hantian Chen, Xiwang Wu","doi":"10.1155/2022/2977673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2977673","url":null,"abstract":"The fluorescence radiation property at the edge of the thin disk crystal is very important to the design of thin disk lasers. In order to study this effect, in this paper, we established a theoretical model to describe the edge fluorescence radiation process in thin disk lasers. Subsequently, we used a thin disk crystal with indium absorption cladding to quantitatively test the edge fluorescence intensity. The significant difference between measured and simulated data can be described as P (probability value) < 0.1 at the edge when the measured temperature is lower than the melting point of the metal cladding, and \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 at the pump area. Finally, we analyze the influence of the edge fluorescence radiation on the thin disk laser operation, and the results show that the edge thermal effect will reduce the conversion efficiency of the disk laser by 20%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantitative study on the edge radiation intensity of disk lasers. The research can provide theoretical guidance for the designing and packaging process of crystal elements in thin disk lasers.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49391505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Saiki, T. Iwashita, J. Sakamoto, T. Hayashi, T. Nakamachi, Y. Fujimoto, Y. Iida, M. Nakatsuka
Ceramic is promising for use as a solid-laser material pumped with solar or lamp light. We developed a Cr3+ ion doped Nd : YAG ceramic laser that converts white light into near-infrared laser light more efficiently. Investigation of its optical properties has revealed that large gain can be realized with excitation power that is one order of magnitude less than that in the case of Nd : YAG. Ce3+ ion doping also makes it possible to utilize the excitation light components with wavelengths of 350 nm or less, preventing generation of color centers. A rod-type Ce3+/Cr3+/Nd : YAG ceramic pumped by white light such as solar light or flash lamp light was developed. Fluorescence lifetime of ceramic was measured. Laser oscillations at free running mode were observed. Also, numerical calculation for output laser power and gain at lasing threshold was performed. Fluorescence lifetime increased as temperature rose, which was observed in Cr/Nd : YAG ceramic. This increase suggests the existence of a cross-relaxation effect. Maximum output laser energy of 73 mJ with the peak power of 330 W was obtained. Obtained output laser energy was around twice more than that in case of Cr3+/Nd : YAG ceramic with the same Nd and Cr ion concentration.
{"title":"Rod-Type Ce/Cr/Nd : YAG Ceramic Lasers with White-Light Pump Source","authors":"T. Saiki, T. Iwashita, J. Sakamoto, T. Hayashi, T. Nakamachi, Y. Fujimoto, Y. Iida, M. Nakatsuka","doi":"10.1155/2022/8480676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8480676","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramic is promising for use as a solid-laser material pumped with solar or lamp light. We developed a Cr3+ ion doped Nd : YAG ceramic laser that converts white light into near-infrared laser light more efficiently. Investigation of its optical properties has revealed that large gain can be realized with excitation power that is one order of magnitude less than that in the case of Nd : YAG. Ce3+ ion doping also makes it possible to utilize the excitation light components with wavelengths of 350 nm or less, preventing generation of color centers. A rod-type Ce3+/Cr3+/Nd : YAG ceramic pumped by white light such as solar light or flash lamp light was developed. Fluorescence lifetime of ceramic was measured. Laser oscillations at free running mode were observed. Also, numerical calculation for output laser power and gain at lasing threshold was performed. Fluorescence lifetime increased as temperature rose, which was observed in Cr/Nd : YAG ceramic. This increase suggests the existence of a cross-relaxation effect. Maximum output laser energy of 73 mJ with the peak power of 330 W was obtained. Obtained output laser energy was around twice more than that in case of Cr3+/Nd : YAG ceramic with the same Nd and Cr ion concentration.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49395953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efforts have been made to enhance the surface sensitivity of the conventional surface plasmon resonance biosensor. To improve the sensitivity, a unique two-dimensional heterostructure layer of titanium disilicide and black phosphorus layer has been deposited over the metal surface. The titanium disilicide (TiSi2) nanosheet is placed in between silver (Ag) and black phosphorus (BP) films in the Kretschmann arrangement. This biosensor executes better over a wide range of refractive index variations, including biological cell distribution in individual blood. It may become a fast method of detecting cancerous cells and the several variants of corona and other viruses that become pandemic. Using the finite element method-based simulation technique, the sensitivity obtained as 195.4 degree/RIU, 167.6 degree/RIU, 212.4 degree/RIU, 168.4 degree/RIU, 212.4 degree/RIU, 186.6 degree/RIU, 218.6 degree/RIU, 195.4 degree/RIU, 203.6 degree/RIU, 202.6 degree/RIU 203.6 degree/RIU, and 202.6 for basal (skin cancer), basal (normal cell), HeLa (cervical cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), HeLa (normal cell), Jurkat (blood cancer), Jurkat (normal cell), PCI-2 (adrenal gland cancer), PCI-2 (normal cell), MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer), MDA-MB-231 (normal cell), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and MCF-7 (normal cell), respectively, and other performance parameters such as detection accuracy, figure of merit, and full width and half maximum (FWHM) are also evaluated.
{"title":"Advances in Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Biosensor Technologies for Cancer Cell Detection","authors":"B. Karki, Arun Uniyal, A. Pal, V. Srivastava","doi":"10.1155/2022/1476254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1476254","url":null,"abstract":"Efforts have been made to enhance the surface sensitivity of the conventional surface plasmon resonance biosensor. To improve the sensitivity, a unique two-dimensional heterostructure layer of titanium disilicide and black phosphorus layer has been deposited over the metal surface. The titanium disilicide (TiSi2) nanosheet is placed in between silver (Ag) and black phosphorus (BP) films in the Kretschmann arrangement. This biosensor executes better over a wide range of refractive index variations, including biological cell distribution in individual blood. It may become a fast method of detecting cancerous cells and the several variants of corona and other viruses that become pandemic. Using the finite element method-based simulation technique, the sensitivity obtained as 195.4 degree/RIU, 167.6 degree/RIU, 212.4 degree/RIU, 168.4 degree/RIU, 212.4 degree/RIU, 186.6 degree/RIU, 218.6 degree/RIU, 195.4 degree/RIU, 203.6 degree/RIU, 202.6 degree/RIU 203.6 degree/RIU, and 202.6 for basal (skin cancer), basal (normal cell), HeLa (cervical cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), HeLa (normal cell), Jurkat (blood cancer), Jurkat (normal cell), PCI-2 (adrenal gland cancer), PCI-2 (normal cell), MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer), MDA-MB-231 (normal cell), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and MCF-7 (normal cell), respectively, and other performance parameters such as detection accuracy, figure of merit, and full width and half maximum (FWHM) are also evaluated.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48192628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The propagation properties of partially coherent circular flat-topped (FT) vortex hollow/nonvortex beams are studied in anisotropic turbulent plasma. The analytical expression of the optical intensity of these beams is obtained by employing the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral. The effects of the source and turbulent plasma parameters on the intensity distribution of partially coherent circular FT vortex hollow/nonvortex beams are analyzed numerically. The results show that partially coherent circular FT vortex hollow/nonvortex beams will finally converge into a Gaussian intensity profile at increasing propagation distances. The results also showed that the partially coherent FT vortex hollow/nonvortex beams with higher coherence are less affected by anisotropic turbulent plasma than the less coherent beams.
{"title":"Propagation of Partially Coherent Flat-Topped Vortex Hollow Beams in Anisotropic Turbulent Plasma","authors":"A. Alkelly, M. Khaled, Labiba F. Hassan","doi":"10.1155/2022/7798053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7798053","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation properties of partially coherent circular flat-topped (FT) vortex hollow/nonvortex beams are studied in anisotropic turbulent plasma. The analytical expression of the optical intensity of these beams is obtained by employing the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral. The effects of the source and turbulent plasma parameters on the intensity distribution of partially coherent circular FT vortex hollow/nonvortex beams are analyzed numerically. The results show that partially coherent circular FT vortex hollow/nonvortex beams will finally converge into a Gaussian intensity profile at increasing propagation distances. The results also showed that the partially coherent FT vortex hollow/nonvortex beams with higher coherence are less affected by anisotropic turbulent plasma than the less coherent beams.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49328889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates a novel compensation technique of dispersion effect mitigation using a combination of three- and four-stage-apodized fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) and dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) designs. Two designs using three-stage and four-stage FBG and DCF in combination have been proposed and compared for their performance in mitigating chromatic dispersion effects at 100 km SMF. The performance of each design has been evaluated using Q-factor results using linear Gaussian- and tanh-apodized fiber Bragg gratings. Each profile manifested different Q-factor results over a range of 5 dBm, 7.5 dBm, and 10 dBm of CW laser power over FBG grating lengths from 4 mm to 8 mm. The results obtained using the three-stage and four-stage FBG and DCF designs showed that an apodization profile using a tanh function can be used successfully with FBG lengths from 4 mm to 8 mm, regardless of the CW launched power. In contrast, the results using a Gaussian apodization profile for three- and four-stage FBG and DCF designs are applicable to FBG lengths from 5 mm to 8 mm. Designs using three-stage FBG and DCF generated higher Q-factor results than designs using only four-stage FBG and DCF, regardless of the launched power. The highest Q-factor of 18.58 was obtained for three-stage tanh-apodized FBG and DCF used in combination for an FBG length of 6 mm. The highest result obtained for a three-stage Gaussian-apodized FBG and DCF design was a Q factor of 17.13 using an FBG length of 8 mm. The proposed method was also compared to current similar works and can be successfully implemented in long-haul optical communication.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of a Linear Gaussian- and tanh-Apodized FBG and Dispersion Compensating Fiber Design for Chromatic Dispersion Compensation in Long-haul Optical Communication Networks","authors":"Isidore Nsengiyumva, E. Mwangi, G. Kamucha","doi":"10.1155/2022/5734420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5734420","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates a novel compensation technique of dispersion effect mitigation using a combination of three- and four-stage-apodized fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) and dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) designs. Two designs using three-stage and four-stage FBG and DCF in combination have been proposed and compared for their performance in mitigating chromatic dispersion effects at 100 km SMF. The performance of each design has been evaluated using Q-factor results using linear Gaussian- and tanh-apodized fiber Bragg gratings. Each profile manifested different Q-factor results over a range of 5 dBm, 7.5 dBm, and 10 dBm of CW laser power over FBG grating lengths from 4 mm to 8 mm. The results obtained using the three-stage and four-stage FBG and DCF designs showed that an apodization profile using a tanh function can be used successfully with FBG lengths from 4 mm to 8 mm, regardless of the CW launched power. In contrast, the results using a Gaussian apodization profile for three- and four-stage FBG and DCF designs are applicable to FBG lengths from 5 mm to 8 mm. Designs using three-stage FBG and DCF generated higher Q-factor results than designs using only four-stage FBG and DCF, regardless of the launched power. The highest Q-factor of 18.58 was obtained for three-stage tanh-apodized FBG and DCF used in combination for an FBG length of 6 mm. The highest result obtained for a three-stage Gaussian-apodized FBG and DCF design was a Q factor of 17.13 using an FBG length of 8 mm. The proposed method was also compared to current similar works and can be successfully implemented in long-haul optical communication.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49634140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ya Wang, Shengbao Zhan, Wen-ran Le, Qinghai Liu, Yuting Wang, L. Zou, Zhifeng Deng
Based on the simplified model of the tunable fiber laser system, the tuning performance of the laser was analyzed. Two kinds of tunable setups were established, which are the configurations with an external cavity and the configuration of the Littrow cavity. The tuning output characteristics experimentally were analyzed by means of setups. The simulation gives the output efficiency of two tunable lasers as 40% and 30%. In the experiment, the measured slope efficiency of the two lasers was 24% and 18.3%, and the tunable range of the two lasers was 32 nm and 40 nm, respectively. Both lasers could achieve laser output with good beam quality.
{"title":"Comparison of Output Performance of Tunable Lasers with Two Different External Cavities","authors":"Ya Wang, Shengbao Zhan, Wen-ran Le, Qinghai Liu, Yuting Wang, L. Zou, Zhifeng Deng","doi":"10.1155/2022/7829924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7829924","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the simplified model of the tunable fiber laser system, the tuning performance of the laser was analyzed. Two kinds of tunable setups were established, which are the configurations with an external cavity and the configuration of the Littrow cavity. The tuning output characteristics experimentally were analyzed by means of setups. The simulation gives the output efficiency of two tunable lasers as 40% and 30%. In the experiment, the measured slope efficiency of the two lasers was 24% and 18.3%, and the tunable range of the two lasers was 32 nm and 40 nm, respectively. Both lasers could achieve laser output with good beam quality.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48493883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An encryption system that combines compressive sensing (CS) and two-step parallel phase shifting digital holography (PPSDH) using double random phase encoding (DRPE) is presented in this paper. The two-step PPSDH is a linear inline holographic scheme and is much suitable for encrypting the 2D/3D information in a single exposure. The distribution of random phase mask (RPM) in the DRPE is implemented using circular harmonic key which increases the security of the encryption process. In this system, the keys used to encrypt are spatial positions of the planes, wavelength, and rotation of the circular harmonics in RPMs, and CS acts as an additional key that makes the system more secure than the conventional optical encryption methods. At the transmission end, two-step PPSDH is applied to encrypt the object information in single hologram. The digital mirror device (DMD) is placed between the object and a single-pixel detector for acquiring fewer hologram measurements. At the receiver end, the single digital hologram is numerically recovered by using a CS optimization problem. The original complex object field is decrypted from the CS recovered holograms by the inversion of two-step PPSDH process with the help of the correct keys. The numerical simulations are presented for complex 2D and 3D objects to test the feasibility of the proposed encryption and decryption system. The proposed method carried out intensity and phase reconstruction of the original object field using single-pixel compressive imaging. The computer simulation results demonstrated that the encrypted information is highly secured with the rotation of the circular harmonic key. The sensitivity of the decrypted intensity and phase images is also studied with variations of the encrypted keys. The obtained results show that the proposed encryption scheme is feasible and has better security performance and robustness.
{"title":"Single-Pixel Compressive Digital Holographic Encryption System Based on Circular Harmonic Key and Parallel Phase Shifting Digital Holography","authors":"B. Lokesh Reddy, Anith Nelleri","doi":"10.1155/2022/6298010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6298010","url":null,"abstract":"An encryption system that combines compressive sensing (CS) and two-step parallel phase shifting digital holography (PPSDH) using double random phase encoding (DRPE) is presented in this paper. The two-step PPSDH is a linear inline holographic scheme and is much suitable for encrypting the 2D/3D information in a single exposure. The distribution of random phase mask (RPM) in the DRPE is implemented using circular harmonic key which increases the security of the encryption process. In this system, the keys used to encrypt are spatial positions of the planes, wavelength, and rotation of the circular harmonics in RPMs, and CS acts as an additional key that makes the system more secure than the conventional optical encryption methods. At the transmission end, two-step PPSDH is applied to encrypt the object information in single hologram. The digital mirror device (DMD) is placed between the object and a single-pixel detector for acquiring fewer hologram measurements. At the receiver end, the single digital hologram is numerically recovered by using a CS optimization problem. The original complex object field is decrypted from the CS recovered holograms by the inversion of two-step PPSDH process with the help of the correct keys. The numerical simulations are presented for complex 2D and 3D objects to test the feasibility of the proposed encryption and decryption system. The proposed method carried out intensity and phase reconstruction of the original object field using single-pixel compressive imaging. The computer simulation results demonstrated that the encrypted information is highly secured with the rotation of the circular harmonic key. The sensitivity of the decrypted intensity and phase images is also studied with variations of the encrypted keys. The obtained results show that the proposed encryption scheme is feasible and has better security performance and robustness.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42633422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of the external classical field on a correlated two-mode of the electromagnetic field interacting with a three-level atom in the Λ structure is studied. A rotation of the atomic basis is used to remove the classical field terms. The time-dependent wave function is obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation. The influence of the classical field on the phenomenon of revival, collapse, squeezing, and marginal atomic distribution are discussed. In our analysis, the cavity field is prepared in the entangled pair coherent states and the atomic system in the upper state. The results showed that the occupation of the atomic level is significantly affected by the addition of the classical field. The presence of the classical field reduces the squeezing intervals and the extreme values of the atomic marginal distribution.
{"title":"Atomic Marginal Distribution and Squeezing Phenomena of Correlated Two Modes Interacting with a Three-Level Atom in the Presence of an External Classical Field","authors":"A. Obada, E. Khalil, S. Sanad, H. Habeba","doi":"10.1155/2022/1309673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1309673","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the external classical field on a correlated two-mode of the electromagnetic field interacting with a three-level atom in the \u0000 \u0000 Λ\u0000 \u0000 structure is studied. A rotation of the atomic basis is used to remove the classical field terms. The time-dependent wave function is obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation. The influence of the classical field on the phenomenon of revival, collapse, squeezing, and marginal atomic distribution are discussed. In our analysis, the cavity field is prepared in the entangled pair coherent states and the atomic system in the upper state. The results showed that the occupation of the atomic level is significantly affected by the addition of the classical field. The presence of the classical field reduces the squeezing intervals and the extreme values of the atomic marginal distribution.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46781901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New methods and apparatuses for information security have evolved as a result of the rapid expansion of optical information processing. Security is one of the major issues in digital image transmission because it can deliver very secret information to any corresponding agency such as the military, biomedical, and security agencies. Previously, various techniques are proposed to perform optical image encryption techniques using different transformation and pixel-level techniques. Each work has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of computational complexity, security level, flexibility, quality, and so on. To overcome the security issues present in the previous works, a novel optical image encryption standard is proposed in this paper. This work uses information hiding followed by image encryption using Gyrator Transform (GT) using mean gradient key-based block swapping techniques. The main advantage of this work is that the key generation is dynamic and it depends upon the pixel intensity of 8 × 8 blocks. Secret information hiding is performed in the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain to protect the data against noise attacks. To analyze the performance, various evaluation metrics are used to measure the quality of the decrypted image under various distortions such as cropping and rotation. The robustness of information hiding is analyzed using a noise attack on the received image. This work achieved 45.6 dB of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and 0.965 of Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), which is the best when compared to the conventional image encryption standards.
{"title":"A New Highly Secure Optical Image Security Technique Using Gyrator Transform for Image Security-Related Applications","authors":"L. Anusree, M. Rahiman","doi":"10.1155/2022/6165901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6165901","url":null,"abstract":"New methods and apparatuses for information security have evolved as a result of the rapid expansion of optical information processing. Security is one of the major issues in digital image transmission because it can deliver very secret information to any corresponding agency such as the military, biomedical, and security agencies. Previously, various techniques are proposed to perform optical image encryption techniques using different transformation and pixel-level techniques. Each work has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of computational complexity, security level, flexibility, quality, and so on. To overcome the security issues present in the previous works, a novel optical image encryption standard is proposed in this paper. This work uses information hiding followed by image encryption using Gyrator Transform (GT) using mean gradient key-based block swapping techniques. The main advantage of this work is that the key generation is dynamic and it depends upon the pixel intensity of 8 × 8 blocks. Secret information hiding is performed in the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain to protect the data against noise attacks. To analyze the performance, various evaluation metrics are used to measure the quality of the decrypted image under various distortions such as cropping and rotation. The robustness of information hiding is analyzed using a noise attack on the received image. This work achieved 45.6 dB of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and 0.965 of Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), which is the best when compared to the conventional image encryption standards.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44784626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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