Zachary A. Cutter, Timothy B. Mihuc, Luke W. Myers
The zooplankton community of Lake Champlain has been altered over the past decade due to the introduction of two predatory zooplankton species. Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 was first detected in Lake Champlain in August 2014, and Cercopagis pengoi (Ostroumov, 1891) was detected in August 2018. Monitoring for both invasive species at 15 lake sites using whole water tow sampling has been ongoing since 2010 with no detection of either species until 2014. Utilizing data from the Lake Champlain long-term monitoring program, we assessed pre- and post-invasion population dynamics of both invasive species on the native zooplankton community. Our results showed shifts in community structure following invasion, including a reduction in Diacyclops thomasi (Forbes, 1882) populations by both invaders and a reduction in Daphnia retrocurva Forbes, 1882 following the introduction of B. longimanus. Other cyclopoids, bosminids, and rotifers were also reduced, corresponding to both introduced species. The native large-bodied plankton predator Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) appears to be unable to coexist with either invasive predatory cladoceran, displaying seasonal partitioning between L. kindtii and the Cercopagidae. These findings suggest that the invasion of both large predators in Lake Champlain have impacted pelagic zooplankton community structure.
{"title":"Invasion of Bythotrephes longimanus and Cercopagis pengoi in Lake Champlain: Impacts on the Native Zooplankton Community","authors":"Zachary A. Cutter, Timothy B. Mihuc, Luke W. Myers","doi":"10.3390/d15111112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15111112","url":null,"abstract":"The zooplankton community of Lake Champlain has been altered over the past decade due to the introduction of two predatory zooplankton species. Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 was first detected in Lake Champlain in August 2014, and Cercopagis pengoi (Ostroumov, 1891) was detected in August 2018. Monitoring for both invasive species at 15 lake sites using whole water tow sampling has been ongoing since 2010 with no detection of either species until 2014. Utilizing data from the Lake Champlain long-term monitoring program, we assessed pre- and post-invasion population dynamics of both invasive species on the native zooplankton community. Our results showed shifts in community structure following invasion, including a reduction in Diacyclops thomasi (Forbes, 1882) populations by both invaders and a reduction in Daphnia retrocurva Forbes, 1882 following the introduction of B. longimanus. Other cyclopoids, bosminids, and rotifers were also reduced, corresponding to both introduced species. The native large-bodied plankton predator Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) appears to be unable to coexist with either invasive predatory cladoceran, displaying seasonal partitioning between L. kindtii and the Cercopagidae. These findings suggest that the invasion of both large predators in Lake Champlain have impacted pelagic zooplankton community structure.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"4 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on the limno-terrestrial Tardigrada fauna of the Sub-Antarctic zone began almost 120 years ago. Here we present an overview of the literature data on the presence of tardigrades on sub-Antarctic islands, including the substrates on which they have been found. From 32 published sources, we found original data on the occurrence of 49 currently valid species on six sub-Antarctic islands/island groups. Of these, 9 species (18%) were originally described from this zone, another 13 species (26%) were described from Continental or Maritime Antarctica, almost half of these species (22 species—45%) were originally described from European localities, and the remaining 5 species (10%) were originally described from South America, Africa, or Australia. The validity of the records of individual species is discussed. We consider the presence of 29 species in the Sub-Antarctic to be doubtful. We ascertained a total of 90 combinations of species and islands or island groups. More than half (64%) of these will require confirmation in the future because we currently consider them doubtful. We can conclude that the tardigrade fauna of the sub-Antarctic islands is only very superficially known, and the occurrence of most species in this zone must be verified.
{"title":"Limno-Terrestrial Tardigrada of Sub-Antarctic Islands—An Annotated Review","authors":"Peter Degma, Nina Gábrišová","doi":"10.3390/d15111109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15111109","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the limno-terrestrial Tardigrada fauna of the Sub-Antarctic zone began almost 120 years ago. Here we present an overview of the literature data on the presence of tardigrades on sub-Antarctic islands, including the substrates on which they have been found. From 32 published sources, we found original data on the occurrence of 49 currently valid species on six sub-Antarctic islands/island groups. Of these, 9 species (18%) were originally described from this zone, another 13 species (26%) were described from Continental or Maritime Antarctica, almost half of these species (22 species—45%) were originally described from European localities, and the remaining 5 species (10%) were originally described from South America, Africa, or Australia. The validity of the records of individual species is discussed. We consider the presence of 29 species in the Sub-Antarctic to be doubtful. We ascertained a total of 90 combinations of species and islands or island groups. More than half (64%) of these will require confirmation in the future because we currently consider them doubtful. We can conclude that the tardigrade fauna of the sub-Antarctic islands is only very superficially known, and the occurrence of most species in this zone must be verified.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"6 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing aridity usually results in decreasing bat abundance and species richness, and the Saharan desert is an example of such impoverishment. Moreover, the harsh climatic and field conditions in this area restrict the feasibility of surveys. Therefore, the bat fauna of the Tunisian Sahara was unstudied until an expedition was conducted in May 2021. A total of seven species were recorded using passive bat detectors set mainly at water bodies, which concentrate bat activity. Echolocation calls of these species did not depart from published records for the Mediterranean area. Our data failed to identify the two ecomorphotypes of Pipistrellus kuhlii but confirmed the adaptability of this species to local conditions. For the first time in Tunisia, we recorded echolocation calls of Taphozous nudiventris, a species that has been rarely reported in North Africa. The highest species richness was identified at the largest wetlands of Oued Daghsen (Oued Dkouk Nature Reserve) and at Bordj el Khadra (only six and four species, respectively). Most Mediterranean species were recorded in the northern locality, while desert species were more active in the most southern one. The importance of water bodies for bats was confirmed once more. No sign of competition among species was detected, as the Mediterranean and desert-dwelling bat species were active at the same time. Additional surveys should be planned in order to enlarge the list of seven species recorded in only one week.
日益严重的干旱通常会导致蝙蝠数量和物种丰富度的减少，撒哈拉沙漠就是这种贫瘠的一个例子。此外，该地区恶劣的气候和野外条件限制了调查的可行性。因此，直到2021年5月进行了一次考察，人们才对突尼斯撒哈拉沙漠的蝙蝠动物群进行了研究。利用主要设置在集中蝙蝠活动的水体中的被动蝙蝠探测器，共记录了7种蝙蝠。这些物种的回声定位呼叫并没有偏离地中海地区的出版记录。我们的数据未能确定库氏Pipistrellus kuhlii的两种生态形态，但证实了该物种对当地条件的适应性。这是我们第一次在突尼斯记录到裸翅象(Taphozous nudiventris)的回声定位呼叫，这种物种在北非很少被报道。物种丰富度最高的湿地是Oued Daghsen (Oued Dkouk自然保护区)和Bordj el Khadra(分别只有6种和4种)。大多数地中海物种记录在北部地区，而沙漠物种在最南部地区更为活跃。水体对蝙蝠的重要性再次得到证实。没有发现物种之间竞争的迹象，因为地中海和沙漠栖息的蝙蝠物种同时活跃。应计划进一步的调查，以扩大在一周内记录的七种物种的名单。
{"title":"Bats of the Tunisian Desert: Preliminary Data Using Acoustic Identification and First Record of Taphozous nudiventris in the Country","authors":"Ridha Dalhoumi, Ridha El Mokni, Ridha Ouni, Hamouda Beyrem, Stéphane Aulagnier","doi":"10.3390/d15111108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15111108","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing aridity usually results in decreasing bat abundance and species richness, and the Saharan desert is an example of such impoverishment. Moreover, the harsh climatic and field conditions in this area restrict the feasibility of surveys. Therefore, the bat fauna of the Tunisian Sahara was unstudied until an expedition was conducted in May 2021. A total of seven species were recorded using passive bat detectors set mainly at water bodies, which concentrate bat activity. Echolocation calls of these species did not depart from published records for the Mediterranean area. Our data failed to identify the two ecomorphotypes of Pipistrellus kuhlii but confirmed the adaptability of this species to local conditions. For the first time in Tunisia, we recorded echolocation calls of Taphozous nudiventris, a species that has been rarely reported in North Africa. The highest species richness was identified at the largest wetlands of Oued Daghsen (Oued Dkouk Nature Reserve) and at Bordj el Khadra (only six and four species, respectively). Most Mediterranean species were recorded in the northern locality, while desert species were more active in the most southern one. The importance of water bodies for bats was confirmed once more. No sign of competition among species was detected, as the Mediterranean and desert-dwelling bat species were active at the same time. Additional surveys should be planned in order to enlarge the list of seven species recorded in only one week.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding on short-distance basidiospore dispersal of the wood-decay fungus Fistulina hepatica, thereby providing valuable knowledge for the conservation management of this protected species. Specifically, the study was expected to reveal site-specific patterns of basidiospore release and spread in oak stands during one fruiting season under north European conditions. The trapping of fungal spores was carried out between August and October 2022 using passive spore traps placed in three oak stands (>200-year-old) in central Lithuania. The average daily temperature was recorded throughout the period of spore trapping. Collected samples were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of fungal ITS2 rDNA. The results showed that the relative abundance of F. hepatica reads was influenced by the time of fruitbody maturation, but not by the average daily temperature. Although there was a certain variation among different study sites, the results showed that a great majority of F. hepatica spores were deposited within 50 m from the fruitbody, showing that the fungus to a large extent is dependent on local habitats for colonization.
{"title":"The Release and Spread of Basidiospores of Red-Listed Wood-Decay Fungus Fistulina hepatica in Oak Stands","authors":"Adas Marčiulynas, Audrius Menkis","doi":"10.3390/d15111110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15111110","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding on short-distance basidiospore dispersal of the wood-decay fungus Fistulina hepatica, thereby providing valuable knowledge for the conservation management of this protected species. Specifically, the study was expected to reveal site-specific patterns of basidiospore release and spread in oak stands during one fruiting season under north European conditions. The trapping of fungal spores was carried out between August and October 2022 using passive spore traps placed in three oak stands (>200-year-old) in central Lithuania. The average daily temperature was recorded throughout the period of spore trapping. Collected samples were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of fungal ITS2 rDNA. The results showed that the relative abundance of F. hepatica reads was influenced by the time of fruitbody maturation, but not by the average daily temperature. Although there was a certain variation among different study sites, the results showed that a great majority of F. hepatica spores were deposited within 50 m from the fruitbody, showing that the fungus to a large extent is dependent on local habitats for colonization.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"31 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego F. B. Vaz, Tess M. Avery, Molly K. Gabler-Smith, George V. Lauder
Centroscymnus coelolepis is a deep-water sleeper shark and, like most sharks, it is covered in placoid scales, or dermal denticles. The morphological diversity of the dermal denticles in this species, however, has not been described in detail, and ontogenetic changes in denticle morphology are poorly understood in sharks. Combining scanning-electron microscopy and micro-CT imaging, we demonstrate the presence of eleven dermal-denticle morphotypes across the ontogeny and different regions of the body of Centroscymnus coelolepis. The snout, interspiracular, and trunk/tail regions have similar changes in denticle morphotype during development. For example, on the trunks and tails of juveniles (~350 mm TL), denticle crowns have two to three longitudinal ridges and three posterior cusps that are gradually replaced by ridgeless and cuspless crowns in adults (>800 mm TL). Sixteen measurements were obtained from the 3D models generated. A principal component analysis demonstrated that the eleven distinct dermal-denticle morphotypes observed were located in different regions of the morphospace. The denticle volume and surface area showed negative allometry with respect to body length throughout the ontogeny. The results reflect the considerable diversity within the denticle multiverse (ontogenetic and intraspecific variations), and much of this diversity remains to be explored to fully understand the role of dermal denticles in shark taxonomy, ecology, and biomechanics.
coelolepis Centroscymnus coelolepis是一种深水睡眠鲨鱼，像大多数鲨鱼一样，它被placoid鳞片或真皮小齿覆盖。然而，该物种真皮小齿的形态多样性尚未得到详细描述，并且鲨鱼小齿形态的个体发生变化知之甚少。结合扫描电子显微镜和显微ct成像，我们证明了在体表发育和身体不同区域存在11种真皮小齿形态。在发育过程中，嘴部、锥间区和干/尾区在小齿形态上有相似的变化。例如，在幼鱼的躯干和尾部(~350 mm TL)，小齿冠有2 - 3个纵脊和3个后尖，在成鱼(>800 mm TL)逐渐被无脊和无尖冠所取代。从生成的三维模型中获得了16个测量值。主成分分析表明，观察到的11种不同的真皮-小突形态分布在形态空间的不同区域。在整个个体发育过程中，小齿体积和表面积与体长呈负异速生长。这些结果反映了小齿多元宇宙中相当大的多样性(个体发生和种内变异)，并且这种多样性的大部分仍有待探索，以充分了解真皮小齿在鲨鱼分类，生态学和生物力学中的作用。
{"title":"The Denticle Multiverse: Morphological Diversity of Placoid Scales across Ontogeny in the Portuguese Dogfish, Centroscymnus coelolepis, and Its Systematic Implications","authors":"Diego F. B. Vaz, Tess M. Avery, Molly K. Gabler-Smith, George V. Lauder","doi":"10.3390/d15111105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15111105","url":null,"abstract":"Centroscymnus coelolepis is a deep-water sleeper shark and, like most sharks, it is covered in placoid scales, or dermal denticles. The morphological diversity of the dermal denticles in this species, however, has not been described in detail, and ontogenetic changes in denticle morphology are poorly understood in sharks. Combining scanning-electron microscopy and micro-CT imaging, we demonstrate the presence of eleven dermal-denticle morphotypes across the ontogeny and different regions of the body of Centroscymnus coelolepis. The snout, interspiracular, and trunk/tail regions have similar changes in denticle morphotype during development. For example, on the trunks and tails of juveniles (~350 mm TL), denticle crowns have two to three longitudinal ridges and three posterior cusps that are gradually replaced by ridgeless and cuspless crowns in adults (>800 mm TL). Sixteen measurements were obtained from the 3D models generated. A principal component analysis demonstrated that the eleven distinct dermal-denticle morphotypes observed were located in different regions of the morphospace. The denticle volume and surface area showed negative allometry with respect to body length throughout the ontogeny. The results reflect the considerable diversity within the denticle multiverse (ontogenetic and intraspecific variations), and much of this diversity remains to be explored to fully understand the role of dermal denticles in shark taxonomy, ecology, and biomechanics.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"69 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent decades, conflicts between hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) and the rapidly growing human population in the mountainous areas of Western, Southwestern, and Southern Saudi Arabia have accelerated. This conflict, historically occurring mainly between farmers and baboons, has now moved to the urbanized areas in the baboon range and is mainly caused by the common use of spatial and other resources by baboons and humans. The goal of this study was to describe the spatial distribution of baboon groups and to estimate the population size of baboons in the Al-Baha region. The results indicate that baboons are present in all administrative areas of the Al-Baha region with a concentration along the mountain chain running from northwest to southeast and the western part of the region. As expected, rubbish dumps constitute baboon hotspots due to the large amounts of human-derived food. However, the baboons also travel into towns for foraging. The prevention of baboon accessibility to human-derived food would be an important step to reduce causes of conflicts between humans and baboons.
{"title":"Potential Hotspots of Hamadryas Baboon–Human Conflict in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Ghanem Al-Ghamdi, Abdulaziz Alzahrani, Saleh Al-Ghamdi, Salihah Alghamdi, Abdullah Al-Ghamdi, Wael Alzahrani, Dietmar Zinner","doi":"10.3390/d15111107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15111107","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, conflicts between hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) and the rapidly growing human population in the mountainous areas of Western, Southwestern, and Southern Saudi Arabia have accelerated. This conflict, historically occurring mainly between farmers and baboons, has now moved to the urbanized areas in the baboon range and is mainly caused by the common use of spatial and other resources by baboons and humans. The goal of this study was to describe the spatial distribution of baboon groups and to estimate the population size of baboons in the Al-Baha region. The results indicate that baboons are present in all administrative areas of the Al-Baha region with a concentration along the mountain chain running from northwest to southeast and the western part of the region. As expected, rubbish dumps constitute baboon hotspots due to the large amounts of human-derived food. However, the baboons also travel into towns for foraging. The prevention of baboon accessibility to human-derived food would be an important step to reduce causes of conflicts between humans and baboons.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135316268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The western Himalayan region is a biodiversity hotspot. Although much of the flora and fauna has been documented, there are very few studies on fungal diversity. We present the statistical analyses of the sample collections from the last 150 years of data in the fungarium of the Forest Research Institute. We found that the host tree species—pine, oak, deodar, and spruce, had very high Shannon diversity (SD) and species richness (SR), while Dalbergia and Rhododendron had moderate to low SD and SR values; although sal occurs at lower altitudes, it has high SD and SR values. Among fungal families, the highest SD and SR value was found in Polyporaceae. Hymenochaetaceae, Peniophoraceae, Coleosporiaceae, and Stereaceae also showed SD with moderate SR. Fomitopsidaceae, Cronartiaceae, Ganodermataceae, and Thelephoraceae have low biodiversity and species. Thelephoraceae are distributed above 2000 m altitude, and Ganodermataceae and Hymenochaetaceae have wider distribution ranges, namely, 0–3500 m and 0–5000 m, respectively. The Polyporaceae show diverse variations in species distribution and occur between 0 and 4500 m; Coleosporiaceae and Cronartiaceae around 2000 m; Stereaceae, Meruliaceae, Peniophoraceae, and Fomitopsidaceae occur between 1700 and 1800 m, with all Stereaceae and Fomitopsidaceae having different distribution ranges of up to 5000 m. We found that areas with relatively low rainfall had lower species richness, and vice versa, and that high solar radiation negatively affected fungal density and SR, as observed in the distribution of Thelephoraceae. While families with high SD and SR values such as Polyporaceae were found under relatively high rainfall, moderate solar radiation, and high temperatures. Similar studies need to be undertaken in other parts of the Himalayas and the importance of fungi in ethnobotany needs to be understood to ensure sustainable use.
{"title":"Fungal Diversity and Distribution in the Biodiversity Hotspots of the Western Himalayas","authors":"Neelesh Yadav, Shrey Rakholia, Naseem Ali, Reuven Yosef","doi":"10.3390/d15111106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15111106","url":null,"abstract":"The western Himalayan region is a biodiversity hotspot. Although much of the flora and fauna has been documented, there are very few studies on fungal diversity. We present the statistical analyses of the sample collections from the last 150 years of data in the fungarium of the Forest Research Institute. We found that the host tree species—pine, oak, deodar, and spruce, had very high Shannon diversity (SD) and species richness (SR), while Dalbergia and Rhododendron had moderate to low SD and SR values; although sal occurs at lower altitudes, it has high SD and SR values. Among fungal families, the highest SD and SR value was found in Polyporaceae. Hymenochaetaceae, Peniophoraceae, Coleosporiaceae, and Stereaceae also showed SD with moderate SR. Fomitopsidaceae, Cronartiaceae, Ganodermataceae, and Thelephoraceae have low biodiversity and species. Thelephoraceae are distributed above 2000 m altitude, and Ganodermataceae and Hymenochaetaceae have wider distribution ranges, namely, 0–3500 m and 0–5000 m, respectively. The Polyporaceae show diverse variations in species distribution and occur between 0 and 4500 m; Coleosporiaceae and Cronartiaceae around 2000 m; Stereaceae, Meruliaceae, Peniophoraceae, and Fomitopsidaceae occur between 1700 and 1800 m, with all Stereaceae and Fomitopsidaceae having different distribution ranges of up to 5000 m. We found that areas with relatively low rainfall had lower species richness, and vice versa, and that high solar radiation negatively affected fungal density and SR, as observed in the distribution of Thelephoraceae. While families with high SD and SR values such as Polyporaceae were found under relatively high rainfall, moderate solar radiation, and high temperatures. Similar studies need to be undertaken in other parts of the Himalayas and the importance of fungi in ethnobotany needs to be understood to ensure sustainable use.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"57 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135316397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbara Zapała, Justyna Pustelnik, Alicja Dudek, Tomasz Milewicz
The gastrointestinal microbiota consists of trillions of microorganisms that live symbiotically in the human body. The main factor influencing the formation of the gastrointestinal microbiota is lifestyle, particularly the diet of people from different geographic regions. As described in several reports, the gut microbiota composition of healthy adults can be stable for years. However, the relative abundance of each microbe fluctuates over time, and it varies between individuals and within individuals over the course of their lives depending on many factors such as diet and gender. The study aimed to define the basic profile of the oral and gut microbiota in healthy people of Polish ethnicity under the Western diet, showing the stability under one type of diet and dependence on gender. The study group included 144 healthy adults. The research materials were swabs and stool samples. The KomPAN questionnaire was used to examine eating habits. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were sequenced using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The respondents followed a typical Western diet. There were no statistically significant differences in alpha species diversity in the oral and gut microbiota between the female and male groups. Statistically significant differences were found in the beta diversity between gut microbiota composition in women and men (p < 0.048). The oral microbiota was dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes dominated the gut microbiota. According to the received results, it was found that in healthy adults of Polish origin, there is a basic profile of the oral and gut microbiota ensuring good health condition.
{"title":"Differences in the Composition of Akkermansia Species and Families of Christensenellaceae and Ruminococcaceae Bacteria in the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Polish Women following a Typical Western Diet","authors":"Barbara Zapała, Justyna Pustelnik, Alicja Dudek, Tomasz Milewicz","doi":"10.3390/d15101103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15101103","url":null,"abstract":"The gastrointestinal microbiota consists of trillions of microorganisms that live symbiotically in the human body. The main factor influencing the formation of the gastrointestinal microbiota is lifestyle, particularly the diet of people from different geographic regions. As described in several reports, the gut microbiota composition of healthy adults can be stable for years. However, the relative abundance of each microbe fluctuates over time, and it varies between individuals and within individuals over the course of their lives depending on many factors such as diet and gender. The study aimed to define the basic profile of the oral and gut microbiota in healthy people of Polish ethnicity under the Western diet, showing the stability under one type of diet and dependence on gender. The study group included 144 healthy adults. The research materials were swabs and stool samples. The KomPAN questionnaire was used to examine eating habits. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were sequenced using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The respondents followed a typical Western diet. There were no statistically significant differences in alpha species diversity in the oral and gut microbiota between the female and male groups. Statistically significant differences were found in the beta diversity between gut microbiota composition in women and men (p < 0.048). The oral microbiota was dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes dominated the gut microbiota. According to the received results, it was found that in healthy adults of Polish origin, there is a basic profile of the oral and gut microbiota ensuring good health condition.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"14 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135367155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new, very small-sized species of Arthroleptis is described from western Rwanda. The new species occurs locally endemic in Nyungwe Forest and Cyamudongo Forest, where it inhabits the leaf litter of montane forests between 1800 and 2200 m a.s.l. It differs from all other members of the genus by a unique combination of morphological characters, including size (SVL of adult males 16.0–16.5 mm), skin texture, length of hindlimbs, and ventral colour pattern; by characteristics of its advertisement call that consists of a single note lasting 17.4 ± 6.4 [11–32] ms and has a dominant frequency of 5861 ± 188 [5531–6029] Hz; and also in the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene that differs from available homologous sequences of other species of the genus by an uncorrected p-distance of at least 4.6%. Details of the natural history as well as two additional call types are described.
{"title":"A New Miniature Species of Arthroleptis (Anura: Arthroleptidae) from Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda †","authors":"J. Maximilian Dehling","doi":"10.3390/d15101104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15101104","url":null,"abstract":"A new, very small-sized species of Arthroleptis is described from western Rwanda. The new species occurs locally endemic in Nyungwe Forest and Cyamudongo Forest, where it inhabits the leaf litter of montane forests between 1800 and 2200 m a.s.l. It differs from all other members of the genus by a unique combination of morphological characters, including size (SVL of adult males 16.0–16.5 mm), skin texture, length of hindlimbs, and ventral colour pattern; by characteristics of its advertisement call that consists of a single note lasting 17.4 ± 6.4 [11–32] ms and has a dominant frequency of 5861 ± 188 [5531–6029] Hz; and also in the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene that differs from available homologous sequences of other species of the genus by an uncorrected p-distance of at least 4.6%. Details of the natural history as well as two additional call types are described.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"16 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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