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Phylogenetic conservation of the interdependent homeostatic relationship of sleep regulation and redox metabolism. 睡眠调节与氧化还原代谢之间相互依存的平衡关系的系统发育保护。
IF 1.7 3区 生物学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01530-4
Aslihan Terzi, Keri J Ngo, Philippe Mourrain

Sleep is an essential and evolutionarily conserved process that affects many biological functions that are also strongly regulated by cellular metabolism. The interdependence between sleep homeostasis and redox metabolism, in particular, is such that sleep deprivation causes redox metabolic imbalances in the form of over-production of ROS. Likewise (and vice versa), accumulation of ROS leads to greater sleep pressure. Thus, it is theorized that one of the functions of sleep is to act as the brain's "antioxidant" at night by clearing oxidation built up from daily stress of the active day phase. In this review, we will highlight evidence linking sleep homeostasis and regulation to redox metabolism by discussing (1) the bipartite role that sleep-wake neuropeptides and hormones have in redox metabolism through comparing cross-species cellular and molecular mechanisms, (2) the evolutionarily metabolic changes that accompanied the development of sleep loss in cavefish, and finally, (3) some of the challenges of uncovering the cellular mechanism underpinning how ROS accumulation builds sleep pressure and cellularly, how this pressure is cleared.

睡眠是一个重要的进化过程,影响着许多生物功能,而这些功能也受到细胞新陈代谢的强烈调控。睡眠平衡与氧化还原代谢之间的相互依存关系尤其明显,睡眠不足会导致氧化还原代谢失衡,表现为过量产生 ROS。同样(反之亦然),ROS 的积累会导致更大的睡眠压力。因此,有理论认为,睡眠的功能之一是在夜间充当大脑的 "抗氧化剂",清除白天活跃阶段的日常压力所积累的氧化物。在这篇综述中,我们将通过讨论(1)睡眠-觉醒神经肽和激素通过比较跨物种的细胞和分子机制在氧化还原代谢中的双重作用,(2)伴随洞穴鱼睡眠丧失的发展而发生的进化代谢变化,以及(3)揭示支持 ROS 积累如何形成睡眠压力以及细胞如何清除这种压力的细胞机制所面临的一些挑战,重点介绍将睡眠稳态和调节与氧化还原代谢联系起来的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Ontogeny and social context regulate the circadian activity patterns of Lake Malawi cichlids. 个体遗传和社会环境调节马拉维湖慈鲷的昼夜节律活动模式。
IF 1.7 3区 生物学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01523-3
Evan Lloyd, Aakriti Rastogi, Niah Holtz, Ben Aaronson, R Craig Albertson, Alex C Keene

Activity patterns tend to be highly stereotyped and critical for executing many different behaviors including foraging, social interactions, and predator avoidance. Differences in the circadian timing of locomotor activity and rest periods can facilitate habitat partitioning and the exploitation of novel niches. As a consequence, closely related species often display highly divergent activity patterns, suggesting that shifts from diurnal to nocturnal behavior, or vice versa, are critical for survival. In Africa's Lake Malawi alone, there are over 500 species of cichlids, which inhabit diverse environments and exhibit extensive phenotypic variation. We have previously identified a substantial range in activity patterns across adult Lake Malawi cichlid species, from strongly diurnal to strongly nocturnal. In many species, including fishes, ecological pressures differ dramatically across life-history stages, raising the possibility that activity patterns may change over ontogeny. To determine if rest-activity patterns change across life stages, we compared the locomotor patterns of six Lake Malawi cichlid species. While total rest and activity did not change between early juvenile and adult stages, rest-activity patterns did, with juveniles displaying distinct activity rhythms that are more robust than adults. One distinct difference between juveniles and adults is the emergence of complex social behavior. To determine whether social context is required for activity rhythms, we next measured locomotor behavior in group-housed adult fish. We found that when normal social interactions were allowed, locomotor activity patterns were restored, supporting the notion that social interactions promote circadian regulation of activity in adult fish. These findings reveal a previously unidentified link between developmental stage and social interactions in the circadian timing of cichlid activity.

活动模式往往是高度定型的,对执行许多不同的行为至关重要,包括觅食、社交和躲避捕食者。运动活动和休息时间的昼夜节律差异可以促进栖息地的划分和新生态位的开发。因此,亲缘关系密切的物种往往表现出高度不同的活动模式,这表明从白天到晚上的行为转变,或者反之亦然,对生存至关重要。仅在非洲马拉维湖,就有500多种慈鲷,它们栖息在不同的环境中,表现出广泛的表型变异。我们之前已经确定了成年马拉维湖慈鲷物种的大量活动模式,从强烈的日间活动到强烈的夜间活动。在包括鱼类在内的许多物种中,不同生命史阶段的生态压力差异很大,这增加了活动模式可能随着个体发育而改变的可能性。为了确定休息活动模式是否在生命阶段发生变化,我们比较了马拉维湖六种慈鲷的运动模式。虽然青少年早期和成年阶段的总休息和活动没有变化,但休息-活动模式却发生了变化,青少年表现出明显的活动节奏,比成年人更强健。青少年和成年人之间的一个明显区别是出现了复杂的社会行为。为了确定活动节奏是否需要社会背景,我们接下来测量了群体饲养成鱼的运动行为。我们发现,当允许正常的社会互动时,运动活动模式就会恢复,这支持了社会互动促进成鱼活动昼夜节律调节的观点。这些发现揭示了在慈鲷活动的昼夜节律中,发育阶段和社会互动之间存在着以前未确定的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction and reflections on the comparative physiology of sleep and circadian rhythms. 关于睡眠和昼夜节律比较生理学的介绍和思考。
IF 1.7 3区 生物学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01567-z
Russell G Foster

Circadian rhythms and the sleep/wake cycle allows us, and most life on Earth, to function optimally in a dynamic world, adjusting all aspects of biology to the varied and complex demands imposed by the 24-hour rotation of the Earth upon its axis. A key element in understanding these rhythms, and the success of the field in general, has been because researchers have adopted a comparative approach. Across all taxa, fundamental questions relating to the generation and regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms have been address using biochemical, molecular, cellular, system and computer modelling techniques. Furthermore, findings have been placed into an ecological and evolutionary context. By addressing both the "How" - mechanistic, and "Why" - evolutionary questions in parallel, the field has achieved remarkable successes, including how circadian rhythms are generated and regulated by light. Yet many key questions remain. In this special issue on the Comparative Physiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms, celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Journal of Comparative Physiology, important new discoveries are detailed. These findings illustrate the power of comparative physiology to address novel questions and demonstrate that sleep and circadian physiology are embedded within the biological framework of an organism.

昼夜节律和睡眠/觉醒周期使我们以及地球上的大多数生命能够在一个充满活力的世界中发挥最佳功能,调整生物学的各个方面,以适应地球自转轴上 24 小时公转所带来的各种复杂需求。研究人员采用比较方法是理解这些节律以及该领域取得成功的关键因素。研究人员利用生化、分子、细胞、系统和计算机建模技术,解决了所有类群中与睡眠和昼夜节律的产生和调节有关的基本问题。此外,还将研究结果置于生态和进化的背景下进行分析。通过同时解决 "如何"--机理问题和 "为什么"--进化问题,该领域已取得了显著成就,包括昼夜节律如何由光产生和调节。然而,许多关键问题依然存在。在这期庆祝《比较生理学杂志》创刊 100 周年的睡眠和昼夜节律比较生理学特刊中,详细介绍了一些重要的新发现。这些发现说明了比较生理学在解决新问题方面的力量,并证明睡眠和昼夜节律生理学蕴含在生物体的生物学框架中。
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引用次数: 0
The intersection of sleep and synaptic translation in synaptic plasticity deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders. 神经发育障碍中突触可塑性缺陷中睡眠与突触翻译的交集。
IF 1.7 3区 生物学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01531-3
Rochelle L Coulson, Philippe Mourrain, Gordon X Wang

Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders experience persistent sleep deficits, and there is increasing evidence that sleep dysregulation is an underlying cause, rather than merely an effect, of the synaptic and behavioral defects observed in these disorders. At the molecular level, dysregulation of the synaptic proteome is a common feature of neurodevelopmental disorders, though the mechanism connecting these molecular and behavioral phenotypes is an ongoing area of investigation. A role for eIF2α in shifting the local proteome in response to changes in the conditions at the synapse has emerged. Here, we discuss recent progress in characterizing the intersection of local synaptic translation and sleep and propose a reciprocal mechanism of dysregulation in the development of synaptic plasticity defects in neurodevelopmental disorders.

越来越多的证据表明,睡眠失调是导致神经发育障碍患者出现突触和行为缺陷的根本原因,而不仅仅是一种影响。在分子水平上,突触蛋白质组失调是神经发育障碍的一个共同特征,但这些分子和行为表型之间的关联机制仍是一个有待研究的领域。eIF2α 在根据突触条件的变化改变局部蛋白质组方面的作用已经出现。在这里,我们讨论了在描述局部突触翻译和睡眠的交叉点方面的最新进展,并提出了神经发育障碍中突触可塑性缺陷发展过程中失调的互惠机制。
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引用次数: 0
Why study sleep in flatworms? 为什么要研究扁形虫的睡眠?
IF 1.7 3区 生物学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01480-x
Shauni E T Omond, John A Lesku

The behaviors that characterize sleep have been observed across a broad range of different species. While much attention has been placed on vertebrates (mostly mammals and birds), the grand diversity of invertebrates has gone largely unexplored. Here, we introduce the intrigue and special value in the study of sleeping platyhelminth flatworms. Flatworms are closely related to annelids and mollusks, and yet are comparatively simple. They lack a circulatory system, respiratory system, endocrine glands, a coelom, and an anus. They retain a central and peripheral nervous system, various sensory systems, and an ability to learn. Flatworms sleep, like other animals, a state which is regulated by prior sleep/wake history and by the neurotransmitter GABA. Furthermore, they possess a remarkable ability to regenerate from a mere fragment of the original animal. The regenerative capabilities of flatworms make them a unique bilaterally symmetric animal to study a link between sleep and neurodevelopment. Lastly, the recent applications of tools for probing the flatworm genome, metabolism, and brain activity make their entrance into the field of sleep research all the more timely.

睡眠的行为特征已在多种不同物种中观察到。脊椎动物(主要是哺乳动物和鸟类)备受关注,而无脊椎动物的巨大多样性却在很大程度上未被探索。在这里,我们将介绍研究沉睡的扁形动物的复杂性和特殊价值。扁形动物与无脊椎动物和软体动物关系密切,但却相对简单。它们没有循环系统、呼吸系统、内分泌腺、肠腔和肛门。它们保留了中枢和外周神经系统、各种感觉系统和学习能力。扁形虫和其他动物一样会睡觉,这种状态受先前的睡眠/觉醒历史和神经递质 GABA 的调节。此外,扁形虫还拥有一种非凡的再生能力,它能从原来动物的一个碎片中再生出来。扁形虫的再生能力使其成为研究睡眠与神经发育之间联系的一种独特的两侧对称动物。最后,最近探测扁形虫基因组、新陈代谢和大脑活动的工具的应用使它们进入睡眠研究领域变得更加及时。
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引用次数: 0
Ultrasonic vocalisation rate tracks the diurnal pattern of activity in winter phenotype Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). 超声波发声率可追踪冬季表型仓鼠(Phodopus sungorus)的昼夜活动模式。
IF 1.7 3区 生物学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01556-2
Christian D Harding, Kerry M M Walker, Talya D Hackett, Annika Herwig, Stuart N Peirson, Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy

Vocalisations are increasingly being recognised as an important aspect of normal rodent behaviour yet little is known of how they interact with other spontaneous behaviours such as sleep and torpor, particularly in a social setting. We obtained chronic recordings of the vocal behaviour of adult male and female Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) housed under short photoperiod (8 h light, 16 h dark, square wave transitions), in different social contexts. The animals were kept in isolation or in same-sex sibling pairs, separated by a grid which allowed non-physical social interaction. On approximately 20% of days hamsters spontaneously entered torpor, a state of metabolic depression that coincides with the rest phase of many small mammal species in response to actual or predicted energy shortages. Animals produced ultrasonic vocalisations (USVs) with a peak frequency of 57 kHz in both social and asocial conditions and there was a high degree of variability in vocalisation rate between subjects. Vocalisation rate was correlated with locomotor activity across the 24-h light cycle, occurring more frequently during the dark period when the hamsters were more active and peaking around light transitions. Solitary-housed animals did not vocalise whilst torpid and animals remained in torpor despite overlapping with vocalisations in social-housing. Besides a minor decrease in peak USV frequency when isolated hamsters were re-paired with their siblings, changing social contexts did not influence vocalisation behaviour or structure. In rare instances, temporally overlapping USVs occurred when animals were socially-housed and were grouped in such a way that could indicate coordination. We did not observe broadband calls (BBCs) contemporaneous with USVs in this paradigm, corroborating their correlation with physical aggression which was absent from our experiment. Overall, we find little evidence to suggest a direct social function of hamster USVs. We conclude that understanding the effects of vocalisations on spontaneous behaviours, such as sleep and torpor, will inform experimental design of future studies, especially where the role of social interactions is investigated.

发声越来越被认为是啮齿动物正常行为的一个重要方面,但人们对发声如何与睡眠和休眠等其他自发行为相互作用却知之甚少,尤其是在社会环境中。我们对在短光周期(8 小时光照,16 小时黑暗,方波过渡)下饲养的成年雌雄仓鼠(Phodopus sungorus)在不同社会环境中的发声行为进行了长期记录。这些动物被隔离饲养或同性兄弟姐妹成对饲养,并用网格隔开,以便进行非物理性的社会交往。在大约 20% 的日子里,仓鼠会自发进入休眠状态,这是一种新陈代谢抑制状态,与许多小型哺乳动物的休眠期一致,以应对实际或预测的能量短缺。在社交和非社交条件下,仓鼠都会发出峰值频率为 57 kHz 的超声波发声(USV),而且不同实验对象的发声率差异很大。在整个 24 小时光照周期中,发声率与运动活动相关,在仓鼠更活跃的黑暗期发声更频繁,在光照转换前后达到峰值。单独饲养的仓鼠在倦怠时不发声,而社交饲养的仓鼠尽管与发声重叠,但仍处于倦怠状态。除了被隔离的仓鼠与兄弟姐妹重新配对时USV峰值频率略有下降之外,社会环境的改变并不影响发声行为或结构。在极少数情况下,当仓鼠被社会化饲养并以一种可能表明协调的方式分组时,会出现时间上重叠的USV。在这一范例中,我们没有观察到与USV同时出现的宽带叫声(BBC),这也证实了USV与身体攻击的相关性,而我们的实验中并不存在身体攻击。总之,我们发现几乎没有证据表明仓鼠的USVs具有直接的社会功能。我们的结论是,了解发声对自发行为(如睡眠和休眠)的影响将为未来研究的实验设计提供参考,尤其是在研究社会互动的作用时。
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引用次数: 0
100 years Journal of Comparative Physiology. 100 年《比较生理学杂志》。
IF 1.7 3区 生物学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01563-3
Gerhard Heldmaier
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引用次数: 0
Male blue wildebeest increase activity during the rut, but not at the expense of rest. 雄性蓝马羚在发情期会增加活动量,但并不以牺牲休息为代价。
IF 1.7 3区 生物学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01493-6
Illke B Malungo, Nadine Gravett, André Ganswindt, Paul R Manger

Rest is a state of adaptive inactivity that increases the efficiency of activity by regulating its timing and reducing energy use when activity is not beneficial. Thus, animals can go without rest when specific demands, such as mating, favour being awake. Sexually active male blue wildebeest (bulls) are typically territorial, and it has been reported that when a bull is protecting a harem during the mating season (rut), he neither eats nor rests. We examined the daily activity and inactivity patterns of dominant bulls by means of actigraphy for 3 months, which included the rut. We also measured faecal androgen metabolite (fAM) levels and subcutaneous temperature, both of which have variances known to delineate the rut. During the rut, wildebeest bulls experienced higher levels of activity, fAM, and a greater daily range of subcutaneous temperature. Despite previous reports, the male blue wildebeest rested daily during the rut, and while the amount of rest was low, it was not substantially lower than prior to the rut. The amount of time spent inactive increased substantially after the rut. The timing of daily activity and inactivity patterns did not vary substantially across the recording period. Across the recording period, the average daily ambient temperatures decreased (seasonality), and the subcutaneous temperature followed this pattern, although it was not as marked. It appears that in the post-rut period a substantive increase in time spent at rest occurs, potentially allowing the wildebeest bulls time to recover following a period of intense activity.

休息是一种适应性的非活动状态,当活动无益时,它通过调节活动时间和减少能量消耗来提高活动效率。因此,当交配等特定需求需要动物保持清醒时,动物可以不休息。性活跃的雄性蓝马羚(公牛)通常都有领地意识,据报道,当公牛在交配季节(发情期)保护后宫时,它既不进食也不休息。我们在包括发情期在内的 3 个月内,通过活动记录仪对占优势的公牛的日常活动和不活动模式进行了研究。我们还测量了粪便中雄性激素代谢物(fAM)的水平和皮下温度,已知这两种物质的变化都与发情有关。在发情期,蓝马羚公牛的活动量和雄性激素代谢物水平都较高,皮下温度的日变化范围也较大。尽管之前有报道称,雄性蓝马羚在发情期每天都会休息,虽然休息时间较少,但并不比发情前少很多。发情后,不活动的时间大幅增加。在整个记录期间,每天活动的时间和不活动的模式没有很大的不同。在整个记录期间,日平均环境温度下降(季节性),皮下温度也随之下降,但并不明显。看来,在发情期后,休息时间大幅增加,这可能是为了让角马在激烈活动后有时间恢复体力。
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引用次数: 0
Noradrenergic tone is not required for neuronal activity-induced rebound sleep in zebrafish. 神经元活动诱导的斑马鱼反弹睡眠不需要去甲肾上腺素能。
IF 1.7 3区 生物学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01504-6
Eleanor Benoit, Declan G Lyons, Jason Rihel

Sleep pressure builds during wakefulness, but the mechanisms underlying this homeostatic process are poorly understood. One zebrafish model suggests that sleep pressure increases as a function of global neuronal activity, such as during sleep deprivation or acute exposure to drugs that induce widespread brain activation. Given that the arousal-promoting noradrenergic system is important for maintaining heightened neuronal activity during wakefulness, we hypothesised that genetic and pharmacological reduction of noradrenergic tone during drug-induced neuronal activation would dampen subsequent rebound sleep in zebrafish larvae. During stimulant drug treatment, dampening noradrenergic tone with the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine unexpectedly enhanced subsequent rebound sleep, whereas enhancing noradrenergic signalling with a cocktail of α1- and β-adrenoceptor agonists did not enhance rebound sleep. Similarly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated elimination of the dopamine β-hydroxylase (dbh) gene, which encodes an enzyme required for noradrenalin synthesis, enhanced baseline sleep in larvae but did not prevent additional rebound sleep following acute induction of neuronal activity. Across all drug conditions, c-fos expression immediately after drug exposure correlated strongly with the amount of induced rebound sleep, but was inversely related to the strength of noradrenergic modulatory tone. These results are consistent with a model in which increases in neuronal activity, as reflected by brain-wide levels of c-fos induction, drive a sleep pressure signal that promotes rebound sleep independently of noradrenergic tone.

睡眠压力会在清醒时增加,但人们对这一平衡过程的内在机制知之甚少。一种斑马鱼模型表明,睡眠压力的增加是整体神经元活动的函数,例如在睡眠剥夺或急性暴露于诱导广泛大脑激活的药物时。鉴于促进唤醒的去甲肾上腺素能系统对维持清醒时神经元活动的增强非常重要,我们假设在药物诱导神经元激活时,通过遗传和药物降低去甲肾上腺素能张力会抑制斑马鱼幼体随后的反弹睡眠。在刺激药物治疗期间,用α2-肾上腺素受体激动剂氯尼丁抑制去甲肾上腺素能张力意外地增强了随后的反跳性睡眠,而用α1-和β-肾上腺素受体激动剂鸡尾酒增强去甲肾上腺素能信号传导并没有增强反跳性睡眠。同样,CRISPR/Cas9介导的消除多巴胺β-羟化酶(dbh)基因(该基因编码去甲肾上腺素合成所需的一种酶)也增强了幼虫的基线睡眠,但并不能阻止急性诱导神经元活动后的额外反弹睡眠。在所有药物条件下,药物暴露后c-fos的表达与诱导的反弹睡眠量密切相关,但与去甲肾上腺素能调节张力的强度成反比。这些结果与一个模型相符,在该模型中,神经元活动的增加(反映在整个大脑的c-fos诱导水平上)会驱动睡眠压力信号,从而促进反弹睡眠,而与去甲肾上腺素能调节强度无关。
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引用次数: 0
A 108-h total sleep deprivation did not impair fur seal performance in delayed matching to sample task. 108小时的睡眠剥夺不会影响海狗在延迟匹配样本任务中的表现。
IF 1.7 3区 生物学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01511-7
Oleg I Lyamin, Vasilisa D Borshchenko, Jerome M Siegel

While the majority of studies have concluded that sleep deprivation causes detrimental effects on various cognitive processes, some studies reported conflicting results. We examined the effects of a 108-h total sleep deprivation (TSD) on working memory in the northern fur seal, an animal with unusual sleep phenomenology and long-range annual migrations. The performance of fur seals was evaluated in a two-choice visual delayed matching to sample (DMTS) task, which is commonly used to evaluate working memory. In baseline conditions, the performance of fur seals in a DMTS task based on the percentage of errors was somewhat comparable with that in nonhuman primates at similar delays. We have determined that a 108-h TSD did not affect fur seals' performance in a visual DMTS task as measured by overall percentage of errors and response latencies. On the contrary, all fur seals improved task performance over the study, including the baseline, TSD and recovery conditions. In addition, TSD did not change the direction and strength of the pattern of behavioral lateralization in fur seals. We conclude that a 108-h TSD did not interfere with working memory in a DMTS test in northern fur seals.

虽然大多数研究都认为剥夺睡眠会对各种认知过程产生不利影响,但也有一些研究报告了相互矛盾的结果。我们研究了108小时完全剥夺睡眠(TSD)对北方海狗工作记忆的影响。我们对海狗在双选视觉延迟匹配样本(DMTS)任务中的表现进行了评估,该任务通常用于评估工作记忆。在基线条件下,根据错误百分比计算,海狗在 DMTS 任务中的表现与非人灵长类动物在类似延迟条件下的表现相当。我们已经确定,108 小时的 TSD 不会影响海狗在视觉 DMTS 任务中的表现(以错误百分比和反应延迟来衡量)。相反,在整个研究过程中,包括基线、TSD和恢复条件下,所有海狗的任务表现都有所提高。此外,TSD 没有改变海狗行为侧化模式的方向和强度。我们的结论是,108 小时的 TSD 不会干扰北部海狗在 DMTS 测试中的工作记忆。
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引用次数: 0
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