Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2261752
B. Deepak, M. Mohamed Ibrahim
AbstractThe introduction of emulsion fuels has attenuated the problem of emissions from diesel engines without any engine modification. Emulsion fuel provides improved combustion characteristics with comparable or slightly reduced engine performance. This study presents a critical review of the research conducted on emulsion fuel technology concentrating on emulsion formulation techniques, emulsion stability, and its implications on engine performance and engine emissions. It is observed from the literature that the mixing process affects the particle size of the emulsion, which in turn influences emulsion stability. The presence of a polar solvent induces secondary atomization, which stimulates the micro-explosion phenomenon, increasing combustion efficiency. However, the decrease in combustion temperature with the addition of polar solvent limits its concentration. In addition, the accumulation of polar solvent reduces emissions, but it can have an adverse effect on the combustion phenomenon. The exergy analysis of emulsion fuel use in engines reveals opportunities for enhanced exergy efficiency. Appropriate selection of fuel components tends to improve exergetic efficiency. Future research on emulsion fuel can focus on improved fuel formulation technologies, engine endurance studies, and the long-term effect of the micro explosion phenomenon.Keywords: Microemulsionsurfactantstabilitybiofuelemission Disclosure statementThe authors report there are no competing interests to declare.
{"title":"A critical review on emulsion fuel formulation and its applicability in compression ignition engine","authors":"B. Deepak, M. Mohamed Ibrahim","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2261752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2261752","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe introduction of emulsion fuels has attenuated the problem of emissions from diesel engines without any engine modification. Emulsion fuel provides improved combustion characteristics with comparable or slightly reduced engine performance. This study presents a critical review of the research conducted on emulsion fuel technology concentrating on emulsion formulation techniques, emulsion stability, and its implications on engine performance and engine emissions. It is observed from the literature that the mixing process affects the particle size of the emulsion, which in turn influences emulsion stability. The presence of a polar solvent induces secondary atomization, which stimulates the micro-explosion phenomenon, increasing combustion efficiency. However, the decrease in combustion temperature with the addition of polar solvent limits its concentration. In addition, the accumulation of polar solvent reduces emissions, but it can have an adverse effect on the combustion phenomenon. The exergy analysis of emulsion fuel use in engines reveals opportunities for enhanced exergy efficiency. Appropriate selection of fuel components tends to improve exergetic efficiency. Future research on emulsion fuel can focus on improved fuel formulation technologies, engine endurance studies, and the long-term effect of the micro explosion phenomenon.Keywords: Microemulsionsurfactantstabilitybiofuelemission Disclosure statementThe authors report there are no competing interests to declare.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2261789
Ali Mubarak Alqahtani
AbstractThis review aims to provide an extensive examination of the significance of sweet sorghum and bagasse in the context of bioethanol and biogas production. The review analyzes the available literature on sweet sorghum and bagasse as potential feedstocks for bioenergy production. It examines their physical and chemical properties, cultivation requirements, various pretreatment methods, fermentation processes, efficiency, and environmental implications. It also assesses the economic viability of and potential barriers to commercialization. Moreover, the importance of technological advancements in biomass conversion efficiency, fermentation processes, and enzymatic hydrolysis has been reviewed. The substrates’ rich cellulose and hemicellulose content enhances the efficiency of conversion processes. Remarkable advancements have been observed in fermentation techniques, with genetic engineering strategies offering potential avenues for performance enhancement. The assessment of environmental implications underscores the importance of optimizing conversion yields and energy balance to establish a sustainable bioenergy production framework. Techno-economic analyses affirm the economic feasibility of deriving bioethanol and biogas from sweet sorghum and bagasse. This thorough analysis emphasizes the substantial potential of sweet sorghum and bagasse as valuable feedstocks for bioethanol and biogas production.Keywords: Bioethanolbiogassweet sorghumbagasse Author contributionsThe author conducted a complete review process, including conceptualization; methodology; writing, review and editing; project administration; and funding acquisition.Conflicts of interest statementThe author declares that he has no conflict of interest.Data availability statementThe author confirms that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.
{"title":"Sweet sorghum and bagasse: a comprehensive review of feedstock traits, conversion processes, and economic viability for bioethanol and biogas production","authors":"Ali Mubarak Alqahtani","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2261789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2261789","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis review aims to provide an extensive examination of the significance of sweet sorghum and bagasse in the context of bioethanol and biogas production. The review analyzes the available literature on sweet sorghum and bagasse as potential feedstocks for bioenergy production. It examines their physical and chemical properties, cultivation requirements, various pretreatment methods, fermentation processes, efficiency, and environmental implications. It also assesses the economic viability of and potential barriers to commercialization. Moreover, the importance of technological advancements in biomass conversion efficiency, fermentation processes, and enzymatic hydrolysis has been reviewed. The substrates’ rich cellulose and hemicellulose content enhances the efficiency of conversion processes. Remarkable advancements have been observed in fermentation techniques, with genetic engineering strategies offering potential avenues for performance enhancement. The assessment of environmental implications underscores the importance of optimizing conversion yields and energy balance to establish a sustainable bioenergy production framework. Techno-economic analyses affirm the economic feasibility of deriving bioethanol and biogas from sweet sorghum and bagasse. This thorough analysis emphasizes the substantial potential of sweet sorghum and bagasse as valuable feedstocks for bioethanol and biogas production.Keywords: Bioethanolbiogassweet sorghumbagasse Author contributionsThe author conducted a complete review process, including conceptualization; methodology; writing, review and editing; project administration; and funding acquisition.Conflicts of interest statementThe author declares that he has no conflict of interest.Data availability statementThe author confirms that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2264037
Adaku Jane Echendu, Chima Cyril Hampo, Dare Olatunde, Judith Isioma Obasih, Oluwatosin Oni, Damilola Ojo, Musa Mathew, Modupeoluwa Adediji, Seun Oladipo
AbstractBiofuels are important sources of energy especially in the face of the global climate problem and threats. This comprehensive review paper brings forth a critical analysis of the role of biofuels as a potential solution to energy crises, with a specific focus on South Africa. Leveraging the methodologies of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), we systematically delve into the environmental impact of biofuel production and its implications on policy decisions. The manuscript encompasses an exhaustive review of selected academic studies which primarily explore the generation of electricity via biofuel technologies. We investigate the functional units employed in the respective studies, providing an illustrative overview of their variance, and elucidating their significance in shaping the outcomes of these assessments. The study also evaluates a broad spectrum of environmental impact categories, unraveling a complex interplay of diverse factors and ascertaining which biofuel has the least environmental impact. The role of biofuels in South Africa’s energy transition are explored and recommendations for a more standardized and comprehensive approach to future LCA studies in biofuels proposed. From our synthesis of the collected data, we identify Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Human Toxicity (HT) as predominant environmental issues that demand urgent attention. This paper culminates in a nuanced examination of the prospective role that biofuels can play in addressing South Africa’s energy crisis while cognizant of the challenges hindering the growth of its biofuel industry.Keywords: Biofuelslife cycle assessmentrenewable energySouth Africaglobal warming AcknowledgementThe authors would like to acknowledge “The Pan Africa Research Group” PARG for providing the platform for the conduct of this research. Special acknowledgement also goes to the Founder, Chima Cyril Hampo and the entire executives of the group, we acknowledge their instrumental efforts in ensuring that this research had a successful outcome.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
{"title":"Biofuels as a Key Renewable Energy Source: a Review of Life Cycle Assessment Studies in South Africa","authors":"Adaku Jane Echendu, Chima Cyril Hampo, Dare Olatunde, Judith Isioma Obasih, Oluwatosin Oni, Damilola Ojo, Musa Mathew, Modupeoluwa Adediji, Seun Oladipo","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2264037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2264037","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBiofuels are important sources of energy especially in the face of the global climate problem and threats. This comprehensive review paper brings forth a critical analysis of the role of biofuels as a potential solution to energy crises, with a specific focus on South Africa. Leveraging the methodologies of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), we systematically delve into the environmental impact of biofuel production and its implications on policy decisions. The manuscript encompasses an exhaustive review of selected academic studies which primarily explore the generation of electricity via biofuel technologies. We investigate the functional units employed in the respective studies, providing an illustrative overview of their variance, and elucidating their significance in shaping the outcomes of these assessments. The study also evaluates a broad spectrum of environmental impact categories, unraveling a complex interplay of diverse factors and ascertaining which biofuel has the least environmental impact. The role of biofuels in South Africa’s energy transition are explored and recommendations for a more standardized and comprehensive approach to future LCA studies in biofuels proposed. From our synthesis of the collected data, we identify Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Human Toxicity (HT) as predominant environmental issues that demand urgent attention. This paper culminates in a nuanced examination of the prospective role that biofuels can play in addressing South Africa’s energy crisis while cognizant of the challenges hindering the growth of its biofuel industry.Keywords: Biofuelslife cycle assessmentrenewable energySouth Africaglobal warming AcknowledgementThe authors would like to acknowledge “The Pan Africa Research Group” PARG for providing the platform for the conduct of this research. Special acknowledgement also goes to the Founder, Chima Cyril Hampo and the entire executives of the group, we acknowledge their instrumental efforts in ensuring that this research had a successful outcome.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2261791
Joshua O. Ighalo, Adewale George Adeniyi, Samuel Ogunniyi, Comfort A. Adeyanju, Oluwaseyi D. Saliu, Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe, Kanika Dulta
AbstractRetort carbonisation is a novel technology especially suited to the sub-Saharan Africa energy conversion challenges. This study aims to produce and characterise biochar from Delonix Regia pod (DRP) via the retort carbonisation process. The process achieved a Delonix Regia pod biochar (DRPB) yield of 29.48 wt% at a peak temperature of 375 °C and a process time of 150 min. The average pore volume, specific surface area, and average pore size of DRPB were 0.0352 cm3/g, 88.03 m2/g, and 1.6 nm, respectively. Morphological analysis revealed that DRPB had a heterogeneous surface morphology with an average roughness of 12.96 × 103 µm. Functional groups such as C-O, N-O, O-H, C = O, CO-O, and C-H are present in the biochar. DRPB compares well with other retort carbonisation biochar. Potential applications were also discussed based on the biochar properties and the product can be tested for water treatment applications and as an additive for improving the tribological and rheological properties of lubricating oils.Keywords: Biocharbiomass wastecarbonisationDelonix regiaenergy AcknowledgementsThe first author wishes to acknowledge all authors who have worked previously on retort carbonisation technology, especially J. C. Adam [Citation37] one of the pioneers in the field. They have provided a sound theoretical platform for the current investigation, hence making us truly stand on the shoulder of giants.Authors’ contributionsAll authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by JOI, SO and CAA. The first draft of the manuscript was written by JOI and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Availability of data and materialsAll data are available on request to the corresponding author.Disclosure statementThe authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
{"title":"Biochar from <i>Delonix regia</i> pod: consideration of an updraft retort carbonisation process","authors":"Joshua O. Ighalo, Adewale George Adeniyi, Samuel Ogunniyi, Comfort A. Adeyanju, Oluwaseyi D. Saliu, Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe, Kanika Dulta","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2261791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2261791","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractRetort carbonisation is a novel technology especially suited to the sub-Saharan Africa energy conversion challenges. This study aims to produce and characterise biochar from Delonix Regia pod (DRP) via the retort carbonisation process. The process achieved a Delonix Regia pod biochar (DRPB) yield of 29.48 wt% at a peak temperature of 375 °C and a process time of 150 min. The average pore volume, specific surface area, and average pore size of DRPB were 0.0352 cm3/g, 88.03 m2/g, and 1.6 nm, respectively. Morphological analysis revealed that DRPB had a heterogeneous surface morphology with an average roughness of 12.96 × 103 µm. Functional groups such as C-O, N-O, O-H, C = O, CO-O, and C-H are present in the biochar. DRPB compares well with other retort carbonisation biochar. Potential applications were also discussed based on the biochar properties and the product can be tested for water treatment applications and as an additive for improving the tribological and rheological properties of lubricating oils.Keywords: Biocharbiomass wastecarbonisationDelonix regiaenergy AcknowledgementsThe first author wishes to acknowledge all authors who have worked previously on retort carbonisation technology, especially J. C. Adam [Citation37] one of the pioneers in the field. They have provided a sound theoretical platform for the current investigation, hence making us truly stand on the shoulder of giants.Authors’ contributionsAll authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by JOI, SO and CAA. The first draft of the manuscript was written by JOI and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Availability of data and materialsAll data are available on request to the corresponding author.Disclosure statementThe authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135816151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2261751
I. Tou, Y. Azri, I. F. George, O. Bouzid, S. Khemili-Talbi, M. Sadi, S. Kebbouche-Gana, A. Anzil, A. Laichouchi
AbstractSome microorganisms, particularly bacteria, can adhere to conductive surfaces and grow as an electroactive biofilm, on which they communicate electrochemically and generate electricity. Here, a bacterial community isolated from anodic electroactive biofilms of a Microbial Fuel Cell planted with Chlorophytum comosom is studied. Seventeen different bacterial strains were isolated from electroactive biofilms and were identified using the 16S rRNA marker gene. The strains were affiliated to 8 bacteria families and 8 genera (Aeromonas, Enterobacter, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Paraclostridium, Enterococcus and Kurthia spp.). After that, it was demonstrated using electrochemical methods, principally imposed potential chronoamperometry under +0.155 mV/SCE, that the consortium constituted of 17 strains was able to exchange electrons with conductive materials. A maximum current density of 345 µA/cm2 was revealed at 48h of the study, using acetate as the sole carbon source and without any additional external mediator.Keywords: ChronoamperometryMFCbioelectricityelectroactive bacteriaelectroactive biofilmextracellular electron transfer Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
{"title":"Bacterial community issued from a <i>Chlorophytum</i> plant-microbial fuel cell for electricity generation","authors":"I. Tou, Y. Azri, I. F. George, O. Bouzid, S. Khemili-Talbi, M. Sadi, S. Kebbouche-Gana, A. Anzil, A. Laichouchi","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2261751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2261751","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractSome microorganisms, particularly bacteria, can adhere to conductive surfaces and grow as an electroactive biofilm, on which they communicate electrochemically and generate electricity. Here, a bacterial community isolated from anodic electroactive biofilms of a Microbial Fuel Cell planted with Chlorophytum comosom is studied. Seventeen different bacterial strains were isolated from electroactive biofilms and were identified using the 16S rRNA marker gene. The strains were affiliated to 8 bacteria families and 8 genera (Aeromonas, Enterobacter, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Paraclostridium, Enterococcus and Kurthia spp.). After that, it was demonstrated using electrochemical methods, principally imposed potential chronoamperometry under +0.155 mV/SCE, that the consortium constituted of 17 strains was able to exchange electrons with conductive materials. A maximum current density of 345 µA/cm2 was revealed at 48h of the study, using acetate as the sole carbon source and without any additional external mediator.Keywords: ChronoamperometryMFCbioelectricityelectroactive bacteriaelectroactive biofilmextracellular electron transfer Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135816292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractThe present study investigates the use of a Sterculia foetida biodiesel–diesel sample (B20) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) at 60 ppm with different agents (non-ionic surfactant Span 80), surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and dispersant (QPAN 80) at various compression ratios (16:1, 17:1, and 18:1) in a diesel engine. The surface-modified GNPs (using an optimum ratio of 1:1 GNPs to agent) were added to the B20 blend using a bath and a probe sonicator. The prepared samples were analyzed for characterization using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and thermal conductivity. The highest stability was observed for the dispersant-added GNPs-B20 blend (B20 + GNPs 60 mg/L + QPAN 80 mg/L). In overall engine performance, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), cylinder pressure (CP), and net heat release rate (NHRR) were increased by 11.56, 18.61, and 15.88%, respectively, whereas brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), ignition delay (ID), and combustion duration (CD) were reduced by 27.5, 17.10, and 15.34%, respectively. Carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and smoke opacity were reduced by 13.24, 23.04, 5.20, and 59.84%, respectively, for the B20 + GNPs 60 mg/L + QPAN 80 mg/L blend at a higher compression ratio and the maximum load condition. The results ultimately suggest that the blend B20 + GNPs 60 mg/L + QPAN 80 mg/L could be successfully used in diesel engines with no engine modifications.Keywords: Sterculia foetida biodieselsurfactantdispersantgraphene nanoplateletscompression ratiothermal conductivity Future scopeBased on the findings of this study, the combination B20 + GNPs 60 mg/L + QPAN 80 mg/L is recommended at higher CRs. The performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine will be further investigated by adjusting engine input parameters such as injection pressure and injection timing using the same blend.AcknowledgementsThe authors sincerely thank the Department of Mechanical Engineering, GITAM School of Technology, GITAM Deemed to Be University, Visakhapatnam Campus, for providing laboratory facilities to conduct the research work. The authors also thank the Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), IIT Bombay, for the analysis of the sample.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Data availability statementThe data is available in the manuscript.
{"title":"The effect of thermal conductivity and stably dispersed graphene nanoplatelets on <i>Sterculia foetida</i> biodiesel–diesel blends for the investigation of performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics on VCR engine","authors":"Gandhi Pullagura, Varaha Siva Prasad Vanthala, Srinivas Vadapalli, Joga Rao Bikkavolu, Kodanda Rama Rao Chebattina","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2256105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2256105","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe present study investigates the use of a Sterculia foetida biodiesel–diesel sample (B20) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) at 60 ppm with different agents (non-ionic surfactant Span 80), surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and dispersant (QPAN 80) at various compression ratios (16:1, 17:1, and 18:1) in a diesel engine. The surface-modified GNPs (using an optimum ratio of 1:1 GNPs to agent) were added to the B20 blend using a bath and a probe sonicator. The prepared samples were analyzed for characterization using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and thermal conductivity. The highest stability was observed for the dispersant-added GNPs-B20 blend (B20 + GNPs 60 mg/L + QPAN 80 mg/L). In overall engine performance, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), cylinder pressure (CP), and net heat release rate (NHRR) were increased by 11.56, 18.61, and 15.88%, respectively, whereas brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), ignition delay (ID), and combustion duration (CD) were reduced by 27.5, 17.10, and 15.34%, respectively. Carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and smoke opacity were reduced by 13.24, 23.04, 5.20, and 59.84%, respectively, for the B20 + GNPs 60 mg/L + QPAN 80 mg/L blend at a higher compression ratio and the maximum load condition. The results ultimately suggest that the blend B20 + GNPs 60 mg/L + QPAN 80 mg/L could be successfully used in diesel engines with no engine modifications.Keywords: Sterculia foetida biodieselsurfactantdispersantgraphene nanoplateletscompression ratiothermal conductivity Future scopeBased on the findings of this study, the combination B20 + GNPs 60 mg/L + QPAN 80 mg/L is recommended at higher CRs. The performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine will be further investigated by adjusting engine input parameters such as injection pressure and injection timing using the same blend.AcknowledgementsThe authors sincerely thank the Department of Mechanical Engineering, GITAM School of Technology, GITAM Deemed to Be University, Visakhapatnam Campus, for providing laboratory facilities to conduct the research work. The authors also thank the Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), IIT Bombay, for the analysis of the sample.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Data availability statementThe data is available in the manuscript.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135864364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-23DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2257959
Kelly Costa Cabral Salazar Ramos Moreira, Matheus Manhães Vieira da Silva, Matheus Felipe Pereira Jadjeski, Christiane Mapheu Nogueira, Vivian Chagas da Silveira
AbstractFactors affecting the oxidation stability of commercially available biodiesel were primarily investigated using the acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis in the presence of imine antioxidants. In this study, the imine compounds N,N′-bis-(4-octadecanate)-salicyl ethylenediamine (stearic dhben) and N,N′-bis-(4-hexadecanate)-salicyl ethylenediamine (palmitic dhben) were synthesized to evaluate their abilities as metal chelators and oxygen scavengers. The AV analysis showed a slight difference between the samples with and without copper. The PV tests demonstrated that both imines were efficient free radical scavengers and copper ion chelators at both room temperature and 50 °C, outperforming the commercial antioxidants butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). The Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) curves indicated that both imines were more effective compared to commercial antioxidants. In the DPPH assay, it was observed that the palmitic dhben imine exhibited the best performance, with an half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 12.4·10−5 mol L−1. Therefore, both stearic and palmitic dhben imines act as efficient biodiesel antioxidants at room temperature and 50 °C, functioning as excellent metal chelators and free radical scavengers. However, stearic dhben demonstrated better performance as a metal chelator, whereas palmitic dhben was more effective as a free radical scavenger.Keywords: Biodieseloxidative degradationantioxidant additivesSchiff basesoxidative stability Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; FAPES - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Espírito Santo.
摘要在亚胺类抗氧化剂存在的情况下，采用酸值(AV)、过氧化值(PV)、2,2-二苯基-1-苦酰肼(DPPH)自由基清除试验和热重法(TG)分析了影响市售生物柴油氧化稳定性的因素。本研究合成了亚胺类化合物N,N′-双-(4-十八酸酯)-水杨基乙二胺(硬脂苯乙烯)和N,N′-双-(4-十六酸酯)-水杨基乙二胺(棕榈苯乙烯)，考察了它们作为金属螯合剂和除氧剂的性能。AV分析显示，含铜和不含铜样品之间存在轻微差异。PV实验表明，在室温和50℃下，这两种亚胺都是有效的自由基清除剂和铜离子螯合剂，优于商业抗氧化剂丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)和叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)。导数热重(DTG)曲线表明，与商业抗氧化剂相比，这两种亚胺都更有效。在DPPH实验中，棕榈酸亚胺表现出最好的抑制效果，其最大抑制浓度(IC50)为12.4·10−5 mol L−1。因此，硬脂酸亚胺和棕榈酸亚胺在室温和50℃下都是高效的生物柴油抗氧化剂，具有优异的金属螯合剂和自由基清除剂的功能。然而，硬脂酸树脂作为金属螯合剂表现出更好的性能，而棕榈酸树脂作为自由基清除剂则更有效。关键词:生物柴油氧化降解抗氧化添加剂氧化稳定性披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突。本研究得到CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico的支持;FAPES -圣圣圣共和国基金会。
{"title":"Antioxidative capacity evaluation of imine compounds as metal ions chelators and free radical scavengers in biodiesel","authors":"Kelly Costa Cabral Salazar Ramos Moreira, Matheus Manhães Vieira da Silva, Matheus Felipe Pereira Jadjeski, Christiane Mapheu Nogueira, Vivian Chagas da Silveira","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2257959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2257959","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractFactors affecting the oxidation stability of commercially available biodiesel were primarily investigated using the acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis in the presence of imine antioxidants. In this study, the imine compounds N,N′-bis-(4-octadecanate)-salicyl ethylenediamine (stearic dhben) and N,N′-bis-(4-hexadecanate)-salicyl ethylenediamine (palmitic dhben) were synthesized to evaluate their abilities as metal chelators and oxygen scavengers. The AV analysis showed a slight difference between the samples with and without copper. The PV tests demonstrated that both imines were efficient free radical scavengers and copper ion chelators at both room temperature and 50 °C, outperforming the commercial antioxidants butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). The Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) curves indicated that both imines were more effective compared to commercial antioxidants. In the DPPH assay, it was observed that the palmitic dhben imine exhibited the best performance, with an half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 12.4·10−5 mol L−1. Therefore, both stearic and palmitic dhben imines act as efficient biodiesel antioxidants at room temperature and 50 °C, functioning as excellent metal chelators and free radical scavengers. However, stearic dhben demonstrated better performance as a metal chelator, whereas palmitic dhben was more effective as a free radical scavenger.Keywords: Biodieseloxidative degradationantioxidant additivesSchiff basesoxidative stability Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; FAPES - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Espírito Santo.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135967079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2257961
Evelyn Juiña, Sebastian Taco-Vasquez, Karla Vizuete, Alexis Debut, Herman A. Murillo, Sebastian Ponce
AbstractIn light of the need for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to conventional fuels, waste-based diesel-like fuels have emerged as a promising solution. This study explores the chemical, physical, and rheological properties of a diesel-like fuel (DLF) produced via chemical recycling of waste motor oil (WMO) using an alkali-treated rice husk biochar as a catalyst. DLF from biochar-assisted cracking (DLFB) resembles commercial diesel hydrocarbon distribution better than DLF from thermal cracking, which shows to many molecules in the gasoline range. DLFB meets the minimum requirements for commercial diesel as per ASTM standards. The study also presents the rheological properties of the DLFB and its blends with commercial diesel, assessing their flow behavior under various operating conditions. The results indicate that all samples exhibit Newtonian behavior. The shear stress rises with the shear rate in a linear manner. Moreover, rheograms indicate that viscosity gradually decreasing with temperature. The obtained DLFB resembles commercial diesel in chemical composition when analyzed via through FTIR and GC-MS analysis, though with a small presence of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. In summary, these results demonstrate the potential of this novel DLFB as a sustainable fuel, given its favorable properties and the circular approach applied to the valorization of WMO. HighlightsBiomass-based catalytic recycling of waste motor oil to obtain diesel-like fuels (DLFs).DLFB meet commercial diesel standards and exhibit favorable rheological properties.DLFB potential as sustainable fuel with a similar composition to commercial diesel.Keywords: Diesel-like fuelchemical recyclingwaste motor oilbiocharsustainable fuel Author contributionEvelyn Juiña: Investigation, Writing - original draft, Formal analysis.Sebastian Taco-Vasquez: Investigation, Formal analysis.Karla Vizuete: Visualization, Writing - review & editing, Validation.Alexis Debut: Visualization, Writing - review & editing, Validation.Herman A. Murillo: Data curation, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft.Sebastian Ponce: Data curation, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementData sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.Additional informationFundingThis research has been supported by the Poligrant 2022–2023 and Collaboration Grant 2022–2023 programs provided by Universidad San Francisco de Quito.
{"title":"Evaluating the properties of a novel diesel-like fuel produced by biochar-assisted catalytic cracking of waste motor oil","authors":"Evelyn Juiña, Sebastian Taco-Vasquez, Karla Vizuete, Alexis Debut, Herman A. Murillo, Sebastian Ponce","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2257961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2257961","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn light of the need for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to conventional fuels, waste-based diesel-like fuels have emerged as a promising solution. This study explores the chemical, physical, and rheological properties of a diesel-like fuel (DLF) produced via chemical recycling of waste motor oil (WMO) using an alkali-treated rice husk biochar as a catalyst. DLF from biochar-assisted cracking (DLFB) resembles commercial diesel hydrocarbon distribution better than DLF from thermal cracking, which shows to many molecules in the gasoline range. DLFB meets the minimum requirements for commercial diesel as per ASTM standards. The study also presents the rheological properties of the DLFB and its blends with commercial diesel, assessing their flow behavior under various operating conditions. The results indicate that all samples exhibit Newtonian behavior. The shear stress rises with the shear rate in a linear manner. Moreover, rheograms indicate that viscosity gradually decreasing with temperature. The obtained DLFB resembles commercial diesel in chemical composition when analyzed via through FTIR and GC-MS analysis, though with a small presence of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. In summary, these results demonstrate the potential of this novel DLFB as a sustainable fuel, given its favorable properties and the circular approach applied to the valorization of WMO. HighlightsBiomass-based catalytic recycling of waste motor oil to obtain diesel-like fuels (DLFs).DLFB meet commercial diesel standards and exhibit favorable rheological properties.DLFB potential as sustainable fuel with a similar composition to commercial diesel.Keywords: Diesel-like fuelchemical recyclingwaste motor oilbiocharsustainable fuel Author contributionEvelyn Juiña: Investigation, Writing - original draft, Formal analysis.Sebastian Taco-Vasquez: Investigation, Formal analysis.Karla Vizuete: Visualization, Writing - review & editing, Validation.Alexis Debut: Visualization, Writing - review & editing, Validation.Herman A. Murillo: Data curation, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft.Sebastian Ponce: Data curation, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementData sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.Additional informationFundingThis research has been supported by the Poligrant 2022–2023 and Collaboration Grant 2022–2023 programs provided by Universidad San Francisco de Quito.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135015020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2257960
Hanna Zanatta
The diffusion of new socio-technical systems is essential for tackling contemporary sustainability challenges. Against the backdrop of literature on societal embedding this paper explores the diffusion of socio-technical systems as a process of co-constructing innovations and their societal environments. This paper uses a comparative research design to analyze the diffusion of biogas systems across four Brazilian states. In doing so, this paper makes two contributions. First, it contributes with nuances regarding the fit-and-conform and stretch-and-transform typology, showing that innovations exhibit not only hybrid patterns across societal environments but also across different sectors (e.g. agriculture, sanitation, and waste management). Furthermore, innovations exhibit hybrid conform and transform patterns across different administrative levels (e.g. municipal, state, and national). Second, it broadens the empirical base of societal embedding studies to the Global South and biogas technologies which represent a fragmented context and a complex innovation, respectively. Altogether, the paper contributes to further understanding of why multi-functional socio-technical systems, such as biogas systems, diffuse in certain contexts and not in others.
{"title":"To conform or to transform? A comparative case analysis of the societal embedding of biogas systems","authors":"Hanna Zanatta","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2257960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2257960","url":null,"abstract":"The diffusion of new socio-technical systems is essential for tackling contemporary sustainability challenges. Against the backdrop of literature on societal embedding this paper explores the diffusion of socio-technical systems as a process of co-constructing innovations and their societal environments. This paper uses a comparative research design to analyze the diffusion of biogas systems across four Brazilian states. In doing so, this paper makes two contributions. First, it contributes with nuances regarding the fit-and-conform and stretch-and-transform typology, showing that innovations exhibit not only hybrid patterns across societal environments but also across different sectors (e.g. agriculture, sanitation, and waste management). Furthermore, innovations exhibit hybrid conform and transform patterns across different administrative levels (e.g. municipal, state, and national). Second, it broadens the empirical base of societal embedding studies to the Global South and biogas technologies which represent a fragmented context and a complex innovation, respectively. Altogether, the paper contributes to further understanding of why multi-functional socio-technical systems, such as biogas systems, diffuse in certain contexts and not in others.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135014189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractIn this study, for the first time, pharmaceutical waste was used as a heterogeneous catalyst to produce biofuel from waste cooking oil (WCO). An efficient and low-cost heterogeneous catalyst was prepared from waste tablets of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium oxide (MgO). A certain amount of alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3) was added to the pharmaceutical waste to participate in the transesterification of the WCO, which positively affected mass yield. The mentioned catalysts were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. According to the BET analysis, the specific surface of the catalysts increased. Also, the effects of various reaction parameters such as temperature, time, catalyst loading, and the oil: methanol ratio were investigated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Furthermore, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was coupled with a firefly optimization algorithm to predict biofuel yield. Under optimum conditions (Al2O3 0.952 wt%, catalyst 4.978wt%, oil:methanol ratio 0.5 vol:vol, reaction time 120 min, and reaction temperature 69.6 °C), the mass yield of MgO and CaO catalysts was 95.6 and 90.4 wt%, respectively. The composition of biofuel was identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Keywords: Biofuelwaste cooking oilheterogeneous catalystpharmaceutical wasteANFIS-firefly AcknowledgementsThe authors thank the authorities of the nano-laboratory of the faculty of environment for providing us with the facilities. We are also thankful to the personnel of the faculty of science at the University of Tehran for their help in GC-MS analysis. We thank the authorities of the University of Isfahan for XRD and FT-IR measurements.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
{"title":"Application of pharmaceutical waste as a heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification of waste cooking oil: biofuel production and its modeling using predictive tools","authors":"Ramin Tahmasebi-Boldaji, Saman Rashidi, Hossein Rajabi-Kuyakhi, Nasir Tahmasebi-Boldaji, Majid Baghdadi, Abdolreza Karbassi","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2255005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2255005","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn this study, for the first time, pharmaceutical waste was used as a heterogeneous catalyst to produce biofuel from waste cooking oil (WCO). An efficient and low-cost heterogeneous catalyst was prepared from waste tablets of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium oxide (MgO). A certain amount of alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3) was added to the pharmaceutical waste to participate in the transesterification of the WCO, which positively affected mass yield. The mentioned catalysts were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. According to the BET analysis, the specific surface of the catalysts increased. Also, the effects of various reaction parameters such as temperature, time, catalyst loading, and the oil: methanol ratio were investigated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Furthermore, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was coupled with a firefly optimization algorithm to predict biofuel yield. Under optimum conditions (Al2O3 0.952 wt%, catalyst 4.978wt%, oil:methanol ratio 0.5 vol:vol, reaction time 120 min, and reaction temperature 69.6 °C), the mass yield of MgO and CaO catalysts was 95.6 and 90.4 wt%, respectively. The composition of biofuel was identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Keywords: Biofuelwaste cooking oilheterogeneous catalystpharmaceutical wasteANFIS-firefly AcknowledgementsThe authors thank the authorities of the nano-laboratory of the faculty of environment for providing us with the facilities. We are also thankful to the personnel of the faculty of science at the University of Tehran for their help in GC-MS analysis. We thank the authorities of the University of Isfahan for XRD and FT-IR measurements.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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