Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2167270
B. Saravanan, B. Musthafa, M. Asokan
Abstract Biodiesel is currently utilised as an alternative to conventional fuels. However, blends only up to a particular ratio improve the engine performance and fuel filterability. Higher biodiesel concentrations may cause diesel fuel filter clogging. The influence of blends of Ceiba pentandra (kapok) biodiesel (B0–B100 in 20% increments) on fuel filter blocking tendency, pressure drop, and soaking strength was investigated through filter media analysis. Fuel filter performance was similar to diesel up to B20, but higher blends had a detrimental effect. As per the filterability results, B20 was selected for further evaluation. Injection timing (IT) of fuel was the most influential parameter on the performance, combustion, and emission behaviour of diesel engines. This work aims to improve engine performance and emissions by altering IT from 21° before top dead centre (BTDC) to 27° BTDC with Ceiba pentandra biodiesel (B20), and results are compared with diesel at IT of 23° BTDC. Advanced IT (27° BTDC) caused lower brake specific fuel consumption (20%) and higher brake thermal efficiency (13%), and we observed low HC and smoke emissions at all advanced ITs. A reduction by 23.5% and 7.5% in hydrocarbon and smoke, respectively, was seen at 27° BTDC.
{"title":"A combined study of filterability and soaking strength of fuel filter and effect of injection timing on CI engine characteristics using Ceiba pentandra biodiesel","authors":"B. Saravanan, B. Musthafa, M. Asokan","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2167270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2167270","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biodiesel is currently utilised as an alternative to conventional fuels. However, blends only up to a particular ratio improve the engine performance and fuel filterability. Higher biodiesel concentrations may cause diesel fuel filter clogging. The influence of blends of Ceiba pentandra (kapok) biodiesel (B0–B100 in 20% increments) on fuel filter blocking tendency, pressure drop, and soaking strength was investigated through filter media analysis. Fuel filter performance was similar to diesel up to B20, but higher blends had a detrimental effect. As per the filterability results, B20 was selected for further evaluation. Injection timing (IT) of fuel was the most influential parameter on the performance, combustion, and emission behaviour of diesel engines. This work aims to improve engine performance and emissions by altering IT from 21° before top dead centre (BTDC) to 27° BTDC with Ceiba pentandra biodiesel (B20), and results are compared with diesel at IT of 23° BTDC. Advanced IT (27° BTDC) caused lower brake specific fuel consumption (20%) and higher brake thermal efficiency (13%), and we observed low HC and smoke emissions at all advanced ITs. A reduction by 23.5% and 7.5% in hydrocarbon and smoke, respectively, was seen at 27° BTDC.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42904497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2170035
Fábio da Silva Lisboa, Eline Barbosa Ferreira, Francis Josiane Liana Baumgardt da Silva, Fabiano Rosa da Silva
Abstract The superacid HNbMoO6 was synthesized from the treatment of the precursor LiNbMoO6 with different acids (HNO3, H2SO4, or H3PO4) in the concentrations of 2, 4, and 6 mol L−1. The solids obtained were characterized to elucidate their composition, acidity, and properties. The materials presented similar diffraction patterns and spectra regardless of the acid type and concentration used. The microscopy analysis showed that at lower concentrations of acid, lower crystal agglomeration was observed. The results of the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that HNbMoO6 synthesized with H2SO4 6 mol L−1 had the highest Nb5+/Mo6+ ratio (1.95), besides the highest surface area among the synthesized solids (8.53 m2 g−1), and highest Lewis acidity (1.5 mmol of n-butylamine). All solids were efficient in the methyl esterification of lauric acid and did not undergo structural changes after the reactions. The best result was obtained with HNbMoO6 treated with H2SO4 6 mol L−1, with a high conversion rate of 81.79% in methyl laurate, an expressive catalytic gain of 36.82 p.p in contrast to the thermal conversion. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Catalytic activity in methyl esterification reactions and characterization of the superacid HNbMoO6 treated with different inorganic acids","authors":"Fábio da Silva Lisboa, Eline Barbosa Ferreira, Francis Josiane Liana Baumgardt da Silva, Fabiano Rosa da Silva","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2170035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2170035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The superacid HNbMoO6 was synthesized from the treatment of the precursor LiNbMoO6 with different acids (HNO3, H2SO4, or H3PO4) in the concentrations of 2, 4, and 6 mol L−1. The solids obtained were characterized to elucidate their composition, acidity, and properties. The materials presented similar diffraction patterns and spectra regardless of the acid type and concentration used. The microscopy analysis showed that at lower concentrations of acid, lower crystal agglomeration was observed. The results of the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that HNbMoO6 synthesized with H2SO4 6 mol L−1 had the highest Nb5+/Mo6+ ratio (1.95), besides the highest surface area among the synthesized solids (8.53 m2 g−1), and highest Lewis acidity (1.5 mmol of n-butylamine). All solids were efficient in the methyl esterification of lauric acid and did not undergo structural changes after the reactions. The best result was obtained with HNbMoO6 treated with H2SO4 6 mol L−1, with a high conversion rate of 81.79% in methyl laurate, an expressive catalytic gain of 36.82 p.p in contrast to the thermal conversion. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46993756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2173417
Weidong Zhao, Zhengxing Jin, Xiaolong Qi, Kiatsiriroat Tanongkiat, Junfeng Wang
Abstract A needle-plate dielectric barrier discharge reactor was constructed to achieve bio-oil hydrogenation under low temperature and normal pressure. According to the composition and content of rice husk bio-oil, seven model compounds were mixed up to prepare simulated bio-oil, and effects of operating voltage, gas flow rate and reaction time on the deoxygenation rate and high calorific value of simulated bio-oil were investigated. The results showed that the maximum deoxidation rate of 31.62% was achieved, with the high calorific value of bio-oil increased from 25.78 MJ/kg to 32.69 MJ/kg, and the pH value increased from 3.67 to 4.83, which confirmed the feasibility of using dielectric barrier discharge reaction to hydrogenate bio-oil under low temperature and normal pressure conditions. With energy consumption and energy conversion rate as indexes, the operation economy of bio-oil hydrogenation process in the needle-plate dielectric barrier discharge reactor was evaluated, calculation results showed that under the optimized operation conditions, energy consumption of 2.44 kW·h/kg and energy conversion rate of 40.87% were achieved.
{"title":"Hydrogenation of bio-oil in a needle-plate dielectric barrier discharge reactor","authors":"Weidong Zhao, Zhengxing Jin, Xiaolong Qi, Kiatsiriroat Tanongkiat, Junfeng Wang","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2173417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2173417","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A needle-plate dielectric barrier discharge reactor was constructed to achieve bio-oil hydrogenation under low temperature and normal pressure. According to the composition and content of rice husk bio-oil, seven model compounds were mixed up to prepare simulated bio-oil, and effects of operating voltage, gas flow rate and reaction time on the deoxygenation rate and high calorific value of simulated bio-oil were investigated. The results showed that the maximum deoxidation rate of 31.62% was achieved, with the high calorific value of bio-oil increased from 25.78 MJ/kg to 32.69 MJ/kg, and the pH value increased from 3.67 to 4.83, which confirmed the feasibility of using dielectric barrier discharge reaction to hydrogenate bio-oil under low temperature and normal pressure conditions. With energy consumption and energy conversion rate as indexes, the operation economy of bio-oil hydrogenation process in the needle-plate dielectric barrier discharge reactor was evaluated, calculation results showed that under the optimized operation conditions, energy consumption of 2.44 kW·h/kg and energy conversion rate of 40.87% were achieved.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45237875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2164966
R. Mahesh, P. R. Yashavanth, S. Maiti
Abstract The present study investigates the effect of macro- and micronutrients on photoautotrophic lipid production from Scenedesmus abundans. An optimized lipid medium has been formulated using one-at-a-time variation of macronutrients and a study of micronutrient interactions. Both single-stage and two-stage strategies were used for simultaneous production of lipid and exopolysaccharide (EPS) in medium-scale photobioreactors (PBRs) using the optimized lipid medium. In the single-stage cultivation 32% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME, biodiesel) was achieved, whereas only 12.6% FAME was observed in two-stage PBR. A FAME titer of 1.16 g/L with overall FAME productivity of 32 mg/L/day and 280 mg/L EPS was achieved using the single-stage strategy. Further, under diurnal natural sunlight and outdoor conditions, a FAME content of 46%, with 1.28 g/L of FAME and 27 mg/L/day FAME productivity, and 155 mg/L EPS were achieved using the single-stage strategy in 2 L medium-scale flat-panel PBRs. Apart from high biodiesel and EPS production, this microalgal strain also has the ability to carry out natural autoflocculation with high efficiency. The strain could be exploited for high lipid content under outdoor cultivation without photoinhibition. Highlights Micronutrients have effects on lipid accumulation in Scenedesmus abundans. Scenedesmus abundans produced high biodiesel content (46% of DCW) under natural sunlight. Simultaneous synthesis of multiproducts by this candidate paves the way for biorefining.
{"title":"Modulation of macro and micronutrients to enhance lipid production by Scenedesmus abundans in a flat-panel photobioreactor under outdoor natural sunlight","authors":"R. Mahesh, P. R. Yashavanth, S. Maiti","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2164966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2164966","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study investigates the effect of macro- and micronutrients on photoautotrophic lipid production from Scenedesmus abundans. An optimized lipid medium has been formulated using one-at-a-time variation of macronutrients and a study of micronutrient interactions. Both single-stage and two-stage strategies were used for simultaneous production of lipid and exopolysaccharide (EPS) in medium-scale photobioreactors (PBRs) using the optimized lipid medium. In the single-stage cultivation 32% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME, biodiesel) was achieved, whereas only 12.6% FAME was observed in two-stage PBR. A FAME titer of 1.16 g/L with overall FAME productivity of 32 mg/L/day and 280 mg/L EPS was achieved using the single-stage strategy. Further, under diurnal natural sunlight and outdoor conditions, a FAME content of 46%, with 1.28 g/L of FAME and 27 mg/L/day FAME productivity, and 155 mg/L EPS were achieved using the single-stage strategy in 2 L medium-scale flat-panel PBRs. Apart from high biodiesel and EPS production, this microalgal strain also has the ability to carry out natural autoflocculation with high efficiency. The strain could be exploited for high lipid content under outdoor cultivation without photoinhibition. Highlights Micronutrients have effects on lipid accumulation in Scenedesmus abundans. Scenedesmus abundans produced high biodiesel content (46% of DCW) under natural sunlight. Simultaneous synthesis of multiproducts by this candidate paves the way for biorefining.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41758115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-28DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2170034
Harshal Warade, K. Ansari, Kul Bhaskar, Zeba Naaz, Mohammad Amir Khan, N. Khan, S. Zahmatkesh, M. Hajiaghaei-Keshteli
Abstract Assessment of biogas production from Napier Grass (NG) in co-digestion with cattle dung (CD) was carried out in laboratory scale reactors and optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design of the experiment. The effects of total alkalinity (TA), volatile solids (VS), pH, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) at three levels were investigated along with gas production. In this study, we determined the optimal ratio for biogas generation from NG and CD co-digestion. The three blending ratios were adopted as NG:CD (50:50), NG:CD (65:35), and NG:CD (75:25). The optimized result revealed that the highest generation of biogas was achieved at the blending ratio NG: CD (65:35) up to 0.4813 m3/kg VS. However, the significant value of R2 (0.9825) during RSM optimization highlighted that, the model might be effectively used to forecast the generation of biogas from the blending of CD and NG. The result shows that TA, VS, pH and VFA are essential for biogas production and the model algorithm could be applied extensively to estimate biogas generation from the co-blending of various organic biomasses. There is a good correlation between each parameter and the overall generation of biogas in the ANOVA results.
{"title":"Optimizing the grass bio methanation in lab scale reactor utilizing response surface methodology","authors":"Harshal Warade, K. Ansari, Kul Bhaskar, Zeba Naaz, Mohammad Amir Khan, N. Khan, S. Zahmatkesh, M. Hajiaghaei-Keshteli","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2170034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2170034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Assessment of biogas production from Napier Grass (NG) in co-digestion with cattle dung (CD) was carried out in laboratory scale reactors and optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design of the experiment. The effects of total alkalinity (TA), volatile solids (VS), pH, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) at three levels were investigated along with gas production. In this study, we determined the optimal ratio for biogas generation from NG and CD co-digestion. The three blending ratios were adopted as NG:CD (50:50), NG:CD (65:35), and NG:CD (75:25). The optimized result revealed that the highest generation of biogas was achieved at the blending ratio NG: CD (65:35) up to 0.4813 m3/kg VS. However, the significant value of R2 (0.9825) during RSM optimization highlighted that, the model might be effectively used to forecast the generation of biogas from the blending of CD and NG. The result shows that TA, VS, pH and VFA are essential for biogas production and the model algorithm could be applied extensively to estimate biogas generation from the co-blending of various organic biomasses. There is a good correlation between each parameter and the overall generation of biogas in the ANOVA results.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47007580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2167272
O. C. Nwufo, G. Nzebuka, B. Okonkwo, O. O. Okorafor, C. C. Onwuachu, C. Ononogbo, J. O. Igbokwe
Abstract Biodiesel fuel was successfully synthesized from Nigerian Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) seed oil through direct base-catalysed transesterification process using Methanol and sodium hydroxide as alcohol and catalyst, respectively. The solvent extraction method was used to extract the watermelon oil from the seed in order to determine its physic-chemical properties for relevant uses. Physical properties of the watermelon seed oil, its biodiesel and biodiesel blends were measured using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods for biodiesel and diesel fuels. Also, the effect of temperature and catalyst concentration on the biodiesel yield was studied. The properties of the produced watermelon oil and its biodiesel fuel were compared with that of vegetable oils from other feedstock and their respective biodiesel fuels. The result showed that the calorific value of the produced watermelon biodiesel is 40.10 MJ/Kg while that of the watermelon seed oil is 38.24 MJ/Kg. The cetane number, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C and pour point of the produced oil are 39.38, 8.50 mm2/s and 15 °C while that of the produced biodiesel are 53.165, 5.82mm2/s and 3 °C for Watermelon biodiesel, respectively. The maximum biodiesel yield (93.68%) was recorded at 55 °C with catalyst concentration of 1.0% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) by weight. In comparison to biodiesel produced from other feedstock, the lower heating value and cetane number of watermelon seed oil methyl ester (40.10 MJ/kg and 53.165) were higher than that of palm kernel biodiesel (39.30 MJ/kg and 52.30), castor biodiesel (30.50 MJ/kg and 50), sandbox seed biodiesel (37.00 MJ/kg and 50), dika nut biodiesel (39.00 MJ/kg and 52) and kapok fibre biodiesel (40.064 MJ/kg), while that of physic nut biodiesel were higher. The obtained properties of watermelon seed oil and its biodiesel conformed to the ASTM standards for biodiesel and diesel fuels. The results further showed that watermelon seed oil is a potential feedstock for biodiesel production and the biodiesel produced can serve as an alternative fuel for diesel engines.
{"title":"Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) seed oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production in Nigeria","authors":"O. C. Nwufo, G. Nzebuka, B. Okonkwo, O. O. Okorafor, C. C. Onwuachu, C. Ononogbo, J. O. Igbokwe","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2167272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2167272","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biodiesel fuel was successfully synthesized from Nigerian Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) seed oil through direct base-catalysed transesterification process using Methanol and sodium hydroxide as alcohol and catalyst, respectively. The solvent extraction method was used to extract the watermelon oil from the seed in order to determine its physic-chemical properties for relevant uses. Physical properties of the watermelon seed oil, its biodiesel and biodiesel blends were measured using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods for biodiesel and diesel fuels. Also, the effect of temperature and catalyst concentration on the biodiesel yield was studied. The properties of the produced watermelon oil and its biodiesel fuel were compared with that of vegetable oils from other feedstock and their respective biodiesel fuels. The result showed that the calorific value of the produced watermelon biodiesel is 40.10 MJ/Kg while that of the watermelon seed oil is 38.24 MJ/Kg. The cetane number, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C and pour point of the produced oil are 39.38, 8.50 mm2/s and 15 °C while that of the produced biodiesel are 53.165, 5.82mm2/s and 3 °C for Watermelon biodiesel, respectively. The maximum biodiesel yield (93.68%) was recorded at 55 °C with catalyst concentration of 1.0% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) by weight. In comparison to biodiesel produced from other feedstock, the lower heating value and cetane number of watermelon seed oil methyl ester (40.10 MJ/kg and 53.165) were higher than that of palm kernel biodiesel (39.30 MJ/kg and 52.30), castor biodiesel (30.50 MJ/kg and 50), sandbox seed biodiesel (37.00 MJ/kg and 50), dika nut biodiesel (39.00 MJ/kg and 52) and kapok fibre biodiesel (40.064 MJ/kg), while that of physic nut biodiesel were higher. The obtained properties of watermelon seed oil and its biodiesel conformed to the ASTM standards for biodiesel and diesel fuels. The results further showed that watermelon seed oil is a potential feedstock for biodiesel production and the biodiesel produced can serve as an alternative fuel for diesel engines.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49016688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2164958
S. Giwa, S. A. Aasa, A. S. Shote, M. Sharifpur
Abstract The bibliometric analysis of nanoparticle-suspended biodiesel engine performance research (NSBEPR) has been presented. Publication data on NSBEPR extracted from the Scopus® database from 2009 to 2021 were analyzed using VOS viewer®. The network of co-authorship of participating countries and organizations, citation counts of scientific papers and journals, and co-occurrence of author keyword were analyzed to study the research trend, hotspot, temporal distribution, and future direction. With a sum of 260 scientific publications used in this study, the network analysis revealed India (208 articles and 4514 citations) and the University of Malaya (12 articles and 700 citations) were the most productive country and institution, respectively, concerning NSBEPR. The most cited paper and journal were the work of Shaafi and Velraj (2015) and “Fuel” with 208 and 1256 citations, respectively. The utilization of metal oxides (Al2O3 and CeO2) as nanoparticles, waste (cooking oil) and edible (soybean) oils as biodiesel feedstocks, biodiesel blend with diesel (at 20%) as fuel, and the investigation of the same in direct ignition diesel engines were observed as the research hotspots. Future research focused on the deployment of magnetic conditioning, green and novel nanoparticles, hybrid and novel biodiesel, hydrogen, spent tire, and plastic oils as fuel additives.
{"title":"Nanoparticles-suspended biodiesel and its blends in compression ignition engines: a bibliometric analysis of research trend and future outlook","authors":"S. Giwa, S. A. Aasa, A. S. Shote, M. Sharifpur","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2164958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2164958","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The bibliometric analysis of nanoparticle-suspended biodiesel engine performance research (NSBEPR) has been presented. Publication data on NSBEPR extracted from the Scopus® database from 2009 to 2021 were analyzed using VOS viewer®. The network of co-authorship of participating countries and organizations, citation counts of scientific papers and journals, and co-occurrence of author keyword were analyzed to study the research trend, hotspot, temporal distribution, and future direction. With a sum of 260 scientific publications used in this study, the network analysis revealed India (208 articles and 4514 citations) and the University of Malaya (12 articles and 700 citations) were the most productive country and institution, respectively, concerning NSBEPR. The most cited paper and journal were the work of Shaafi and Velraj (2015) and “Fuel” with 208 and 1256 citations, respectively. The utilization of metal oxides (Al2O3 and CeO2) as nanoparticles, waste (cooking oil) and edible (soybean) oils as biodiesel feedstocks, biodiesel blend with diesel (at 20%) as fuel, and the investigation of the same in direct ignition diesel engines were observed as the research hotspots. Future research focused on the deployment of magnetic conditioning, green and novel nanoparticles, hybrid and novel biodiesel, hydrogen, spent tire, and plastic oils as fuel additives.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46816666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2164957
O. Adesina, A. Taiwo, Oluwuyiwa Akintola, A. Igbafe
Abstract Nano catalyst inclusion in bioprocesses operation such as ethanol help increase process efficiency and complement optimization studies for biorefinery operations. In this study, process variables affecting nanoparticle inclusion in the production of bioethanol from sugar cane bagasse were statistically modeled and optimized. Production of bioethanol was done using the submerged fermentation technique. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to model the process by considering four parameters viz; SCBH conc (g/l), iron (III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) concentration (w/v), time (h), and pH which were varied using Box Behnken Design. The process variables were analysed and fitted using the quadratic model. The findings revealed the optimal condition of 0.04 (w/v) of nanoparticle, pH of 4.5, time at 12 h, and SCBH concentration of 42 g/l resulting in the bioethanol yield of 32%. The predicted optimal condition was validated in replicate and the average of 32.7% yield of ethanol was obtained. The study confirms nanoparticle inclusion has a significant effect on the yield of bioethanol. The increasing bioethanol yield, at the optimum conditions established the significance point of nanoparticle inclusion for the scale-up development of bioethanol production from sugar cane bagasse.
{"title":"Optimization of process variables for metallic nanoparticle inclusion in bioethanol synthesis of sugar cane bagasse","authors":"O. Adesina, A. Taiwo, Oluwuyiwa Akintola, A. Igbafe","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2164957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2164957","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nano catalyst inclusion in bioprocesses operation such as ethanol help increase process efficiency and complement optimization studies for biorefinery operations. In this study, process variables affecting nanoparticle inclusion in the production of bioethanol from sugar cane bagasse were statistically modeled and optimized. Production of bioethanol was done using the submerged fermentation technique. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to model the process by considering four parameters viz; SCBH conc (g/l), iron (III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) concentration (w/v), time (h), and pH which were varied using Box Behnken Design. The process variables were analysed and fitted using the quadratic model. The findings revealed the optimal condition of 0.04 (w/v) of nanoparticle, pH of 4.5, time at 12 h, and SCBH concentration of 42 g/l resulting in the bioethanol yield of 32%. The predicted optimal condition was validated in replicate and the average of 32.7% yield of ethanol was obtained. The study confirms nanoparticle inclusion has a significant effect on the yield of bioethanol. The increasing bioethanol yield, at the optimum conditions established the significance point of nanoparticle inclusion for the scale-up development of bioethanol production from sugar cane bagasse.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44186241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-04DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2022.2148877
Mohammad Javad Eslami, Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani, S. Rostami, R. Ebrahimi, A. Shirneshan
Abstract The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the combined effect of diesel, biodiesel, hydrogen, aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3) and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system on diesel engine emissions and performance. Data analysis showed that with a 30% increase in biodiesel, the amounts of Hydrocarbons (HC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) decreased by 11.7% and 14.9%, respectively. However, it reduced power and torque. Increasing the share of EGR in the intake air decreased the power and torque due to the decrease of oxygen, and by adding 30% of the exhaust gas to the intake air, it reduced the amount of HC by 3.2%. However, it caused an increase in CO. By increasing the concentration of Al2O3 from 30 ppm to 60 ppm, the amount of HC decreased by 5.4%. Further increase to 90 ppm reduced CO by 5.8% but increased nitrogen oxides (NOx) by 8%. However, the torque increased by 4.89%. Increasing hydrogen by 10% of intake air volume increased power and torque by 16%, but also increased CO by 7.19%. However, further increase of hydrogen decreased power and torque. The optimal point obtained for Al2O3, hydrogen, biodiesel and EGR compounds was 61, 10, 20 and 15% ppm, respectively.
{"title":"Investigating and optimizing the mixture of hydrogen-biodiesel and nano-additive on emissions of the engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation","authors":"Mohammad Javad Eslami, Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani, S. Rostami, R. Ebrahimi, A. Shirneshan","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2022.2148877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2022.2148877","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the combined effect of diesel, biodiesel, hydrogen, aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3) and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system on diesel engine emissions and performance. Data analysis showed that with a 30% increase in biodiesel, the amounts of Hydrocarbons (HC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) decreased by 11.7% and 14.9%, respectively. However, it reduced power and torque. Increasing the share of EGR in the intake air decreased the power and torque due to the decrease of oxygen, and by adding 30% of the exhaust gas to the intake air, it reduced the amount of HC by 3.2%. However, it caused an increase in CO. By increasing the concentration of Al2O3 from 30 ppm to 60 ppm, the amount of HC decreased by 5.4%. Further increase to 90 ppm reduced CO by 5.8% but increased nitrogen oxides (NOx) by 8%. However, the torque increased by 4.89%. Increasing hydrogen by 10% of intake air volume increased power and torque by 16%, but also increased CO by 7.19%. However, further increase of hydrogen decreased power and torque. The optimal point obtained for Al2O3, hydrogen, biodiesel and EGR compounds was 61, 10, 20 and 15% ppm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43163580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-04DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2022.2161128
Rupam Bharti, Bhaskar Singh, Ramesh Oraon
Abstract Herein, a simple solid-state method was employed to synthesize a bifunctional tin (Sn) supported calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst. The synthesized catalyst (Sn-CaO) was found to be suitable for the conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel in a single-step reaction procedure. To achieve maximum conversion, the physicochemical and surface morphological characteristics of the catalyst were investigated using FTIR, XRD and FESEM-EDX. Box-Behnken Design based on Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize biodiesel conversion. At optimized conditions, the variables affecting the reaction were, methanol to oil molar ratio (16.15:1), time (3.42 h), temperature (85.15 °C) and catalyst concentration (2.22% with respect to oil) that led to biodiesel conversion amounting to 97.39%. Three experiments were carried out under these conditions to validate the predicted model. The experimental value of biodiesel conversion in this setting was 96.72 ± 0.61%. The acid value and kinematic viscosity of biodiesel were measured at 40 °C and were determined to be 0.48 mg KOH g−1 and 5.3 mm2 s−1, respectively, fulfilling the ASTM and EN standards. The simultaneous esterification and transesterification reaction mechanism were also described. The finding of this study leads to an economical and environmentally benign approach to biodiesel production. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Synthesis of Sn-CaO as a bifunctional catalyst and its application for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil","authors":"Rupam Bharti, Bhaskar Singh, Ramesh Oraon","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2022.2161128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2022.2161128","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Herein, a simple solid-state method was employed to synthesize a bifunctional tin (Sn) supported calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst. The synthesized catalyst (Sn-CaO) was found to be suitable for the conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel in a single-step reaction procedure. To achieve maximum conversion, the physicochemical and surface morphological characteristics of the catalyst were investigated using FTIR, XRD and FESEM-EDX. Box-Behnken Design based on Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize biodiesel conversion. At optimized conditions, the variables affecting the reaction were, methanol to oil molar ratio (16.15:1), time (3.42 h), temperature (85.15 °C) and catalyst concentration (2.22% with respect to oil) that led to biodiesel conversion amounting to 97.39%. Three experiments were carried out under these conditions to validate the predicted model. The experimental value of biodiesel conversion in this setting was 96.72 ± 0.61%. The acid value and kinematic viscosity of biodiesel were measured at 40 °C and were determined to be 0.48 mg KOH g−1 and 5.3 mm2 s−1, respectively, fulfilling the ASTM and EN standards. The simultaneous esterification and transesterification reaction mechanism were also described. The finding of this study leads to an economical and environmentally benign approach to biodiesel production. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46540951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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