Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2191388
M. Clemente, G. G. Marcheafave, I. Branco, E. A. Canesin, A. Mantovani, L. Chendynski, Karina B. Angilelli, D. Borsato
Abstract Biodiesel is considered a renewable energy source, making it possible to reduce the use of fossil fuels and the emissions of gasses derived from sulfur oxides. It is one of the alternatives to diesel due to its similar physicochemical properties. However, this biofuel contains unsaturated methyl esters in its composition, which makes it susceptible to oxidation. Among the factors that alter its chemical stability is its contamination by transition metal ions. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in the oxidative stability of biodiesel using Gabiroba leaves extract as a natural antioxidant. Metal ions were added to biodiesel in the presence and absence of the extract to evaluate their effect in the induction period and the kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the oxidation reaction. The Gabiroba leaves extract inhibited the catalytic action of Fe2+ and Cu2+ cations in biodiesel, but this effect was not observed with Fe3+. The thermodynamic parameters of the reactions evaluated by the Eyring equation, based on the activated complex theory, indicated that in all cases the process was non-spontaneous and endothermic: ΔG‡ > 0, ΔH‡ > 0, and negative ΔS‡ values.
{"title":"Study of the addition of Gabiroba leaves extract in the biodiesel oxidation reaction in the presence of metal ions","authors":"M. Clemente, G. G. Marcheafave, I. Branco, E. A. Canesin, A. Mantovani, L. Chendynski, Karina B. Angilelli, D. Borsato","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2191388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2191388","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biodiesel is considered a renewable energy source, making it possible to reduce the use of fossil fuels and the emissions of gasses derived from sulfur oxides. It is one of the alternatives to diesel due to its similar physicochemical properties. However, this biofuel contains unsaturated methyl esters in its composition, which makes it susceptible to oxidation. Among the factors that alter its chemical stability is its contamination by transition metal ions. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in the oxidative stability of biodiesel using Gabiroba leaves extract as a natural antioxidant. Metal ions were added to biodiesel in the presence and absence of the extract to evaluate their effect in the induction period and the kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the oxidation reaction. The Gabiroba leaves extract inhibited the catalytic action of Fe2+ and Cu2+ cations in biodiesel, but this effect was not observed with Fe3+. The thermodynamic parameters of the reactions evaluated by the Eyring equation, based on the activated complex theory, indicated that in all cases the process was non-spontaneous and endothermic: ΔG‡ > 0, ΔH‡ > 0, and negative ΔS‡ values.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":"14 1","pages":"951 - 956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42771656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2184940
Krista L Russell, N. Guehlstorf
Abstract The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) has been highly successful in developing the biofuels industry in the United States. However, opponents claim the RFS is directly responsible for increased agricultural land use change, primarily increased corn production at the expense of other crops. This study addresses these claims and concludes multiple variables, independent of the RFS, impact these changes. Agricultural land use changes for acres planted in corn and soybeans in the top three corn-producing states (Iowa, Illinois and Nebraska) were studied. Three categories of independent variables were tested to determine their association with agricultural land use changes: (1) weather, including crop development and precipitation; (2) commodity prices at planting; and (3) acreage enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). A microanalysis of the 10 counties in each state with the most change was also conducted. This analysis supports the conclusion that the RFS cannot be solely responsible for agricultural land use change. Most notably, excessive planting season precipitation and commodity prices had the greatest influence on agricultural land use changes. The success of the RFS should not be associated with causing agricultural land use change, as the RFS is simply a small component of a more complex system.
{"title":"Policy evaluations of the Renewable Fuel Standard and agricultural land use changes in three Midwestern states for a decade: variables that influence significant changes in crop decisions are not all about ethanol","authors":"Krista L Russell, N. Guehlstorf","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2184940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2184940","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) has been highly successful in developing the biofuels industry in the United States. However, opponents claim the RFS is directly responsible for increased agricultural land use change, primarily increased corn production at the expense of other crops. This study addresses these claims and concludes multiple variables, independent of the RFS, impact these changes. Agricultural land use changes for acres planted in corn and soybeans in the top three corn-producing states (Iowa, Illinois and Nebraska) were studied. Three categories of independent variables were tested to determine their association with agricultural land use changes: (1) weather, including crop development and precipitation; (2) commodity prices at planting; and (3) acreage enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). A microanalysis of the 10 counties in each state with the most change was also conducted. This analysis supports the conclusion that the RFS cannot be solely responsible for agricultural land use change. Most notably, excessive planting season precipitation and commodity prices had the greatest influence on agricultural land use changes. The success of the RFS should not be associated with causing agricultural land use change, as the RFS is simply a small component of a more complex system.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":"14 1","pages":"825 - 833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44097880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2185727
Sharokh Mahdi, A. Asghari, B. Ghobadian, Masoud Dehghani Soufi, B. Satari, S. Gorjian, Manizheh Khanian-Najaf-Abadi
Abstract The cost associated with raw materials for biodiesel production is the most determinant factor in final biodiesel price and therefore non-edible, easily available, and inexpensive feedstocks are envisaged. Pistacia atlantica mutica (PAM) is oil-rich and abundantly available biomass in Iran’s jungles that can be considered as a promising energy crop for biodiesel production. Its seeds contained 30% of high quality oil. The fatty acid profile of PAM oil is rich in 16–18 carbon chains, close to those of petrol-diesel oil. The effects of ultrasound-assisted process variables on the biodiesel yield from PAM oil were investigated. A rotatable central composite design (RCCD) was used to optimize the operating parameters, i.e. amplitude, molar ratio, and reaction time, affecting the reaction yield. Accordingly, amplitude and pulse had a positive impact on the methyl ester content. Besides, the interaction of molar ratio and time became significant (p = 0.01). The optimum values of 64% for amplitude, 7.1 methanol to oil molar ratio, and 387 s were predicted by the model. The corresponding yield of 92.9% was obtained which is quite close to the experimental value, i.e. 92.3%. The properties of PAM methyl ester met the requirements of the ASTM D6751 biodiesel standard.
{"title":"Potential of Pistacia atlantica mutica (Baneh) oil as a biodiesel feedstock using ultrasonic-assisted intensification process","authors":"Sharokh Mahdi, A. Asghari, B. Ghobadian, Masoud Dehghani Soufi, B. Satari, S. Gorjian, Manizheh Khanian-Najaf-Abadi","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2185727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2185727","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The cost associated with raw materials for biodiesel production is the most determinant factor in final biodiesel price and therefore non-edible, easily available, and inexpensive feedstocks are envisaged. Pistacia atlantica mutica (PAM) is oil-rich and abundantly available biomass in Iran’s jungles that can be considered as a promising energy crop for biodiesel production. Its seeds contained 30% of high quality oil. The fatty acid profile of PAM oil is rich in 16–18 carbon chains, close to those of petrol-diesel oil. The effects of ultrasound-assisted process variables on the biodiesel yield from PAM oil were investigated. A rotatable central composite design (RCCD) was used to optimize the operating parameters, i.e. amplitude, molar ratio, and reaction time, affecting the reaction yield. Accordingly, amplitude and pulse had a positive impact on the methyl ester content. Besides, the interaction of molar ratio and time became significant (p = 0.01). The optimum values of 64% for amplitude, 7.1 methanol to oil molar ratio, and 387 s were predicted by the model. The corresponding yield of 92.9% was obtained which is quite close to the experimental value, i.e. 92.3%. The properties of PAM methyl ester met the requirements of the ASTM D6751 biodiesel standard.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":"14 1","pages":"865 - 871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47570976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2184935
Smita Dutta, M. Suresh Kumar
Abstract One of the promising feedstock over the present first-generation feedstock for renewable and cost-effective bioethanol production is lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). In recent years, various efforts have been invested in producing bioethanol from LCB using thermophilic bacteria, which have various advantages over their mesophilic counterparts. Their broad substrate range and production of different thermostable enzymes for degrading different polymeric precursors make them a promising candidate for bioethanol production from LCB. However, thermophilic bacteria have certain disadvantages, like low bioethanol tolerance and yield, making their use difficult for industrial applications. Modification of culture parameters and evolutionary adaptations are alone not enough to pave the path for higher bioethanol production from thermophiles. This review provides an overview of thermophilic bacteria, focusing on the recent developments in genetic engineering techniques for increasing ethanol tolerance and creating higher ethanologenic strains. Additionally, this review explores the milestones of reported thermophilic bacteria to produce bioethanol using LCB as a substrate.
{"title":"Potential use of thermophilic bacteria for second-generation bioethanol production using lignocellulosic feedstocks: a review","authors":"Smita Dutta, M. Suresh Kumar","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2184935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2184935","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the promising feedstock over the present first-generation feedstock for renewable and cost-effective bioethanol production is lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). In recent years, various efforts have been invested in producing bioethanol from LCB using thermophilic bacteria, which have various advantages over their mesophilic counterparts. Their broad substrate range and production of different thermostable enzymes for degrading different polymeric precursors make them a promising candidate for bioethanol production from LCB. However, thermophilic bacteria have certain disadvantages, like low bioethanol tolerance and yield, making their use difficult for industrial applications. Modification of culture parameters and evolutionary adaptations are alone not enough to pave the path for higher bioethanol production from thermophiles. This review provides an overview of thermophilic bacteria, focusing on the recent developments in genetic engineering techniques for increasing ethanol tolerance and creating higher ethanologenic strains. Additionally, this review explores the milestones of reported thermophilic bacteria to produce bioethanol using LCB as a substrate.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":"14 1","pages":"851 - 864"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44682525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2184936
Mahmut Beyaz, Selman Aydın, Ramazan Şener, C. Sayın
Abstract The cold filter plugging point (CFPP) value of biodiesel fuel blends need to be improved because of it has been reported that utilizing high concentrations of biodiesel blends in cold climates can cause major issues. Therefore, the main objective of the study is to improve CFPP value of biodiesel blends using ethyl proxitol additive. It is also to examine combustion and emission of the blends behavior. Biodiesel blends were prepared as; 5% ethyl proxitol-10% biodiesel-85% ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) named as E5B10 and 5% ethyl proxitol-20% biodiesel-75% ULSD named as E5B20 fuel. These fuel blends were compared with ULSD fuel in a compression ignition engine at a constant engine speed of 1500 rev/min and four different loads (idle, 1, 2, and 3 bar BMEP) of eddy current dynamometer. The addition of ethyl proxitol led to a decrease in in-cylinder pressure and temperature due to an about 1˚ later SOC and 2˚ earlier EOC compared to ULSD. The pressure rise rate was slightly higher compared to ULSD at both low and high loads, with a difference of about 1 bar per degree. As a result, these blends with improved CFPP value can be used in cold climates.
摘要生物柴油混合物的冷滤点（CFPP）值需要提高，因为据报道，在寒冷气候下使用高浓度的生物柴油混合物会导致重大问题。因此，本研究的主要目的是利用乙基己醇添加剂提高生物柴油共混物的CFPP值。它也是为了检查混合物的燃烧和排放行为。将生物柴油混合物制备为：；5%乙基己醇-10%生物柴油-85%超低硫柴油（ULSD）命名为E5B10，5%乙基己酯-20%生物柴油-75%ULSD命名为E5B20燃料。在1500转/分钟的恒定发动机转速和四种不同负载（怠速、1、2和3 bar BMEP）。与ULSD相比，由于SOC晚约1˚，EOC早约2˚，乙基丙糖醇的添加导致缸内压力和温度降低。在低负载和高负载下，与ULSD相比，压力上升率略高，相差约1 巴/度。因此，这些具有改进的CFPP值的共混物可以在寒冷气候下使用。
{"title":"Effects of ethyl proxitol (1-ethoxy-2-propanol) additive on combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel blends","authors":"Mahmut Beyaz, Selman Aydın, Ramazan Şener, C. Sayın","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2184936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2184936","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The cold filter plugging point (CFPP) value of biodiesel fuel blends need to be improved because of it has been reported that utilizing high concentrations of biodiesel blends in cold climates can cause major issues. Therefore, the main objective of the study is to improve CFPP value of biodiesel blends using ethyl proxitol additive. It is also to examine combustion and emission of the blends behavior. Biodiesel blends were prepared as; 5% ethyl proxitol-10% biodiesel-85% ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) named as E5B10 and 5% ethyl proxitol-20% biodiesel-75% ULSD named as E5B20 fuel. These fuel blends were compared with ULSD fuel in a compression ignition engine at a constant engine speed of 1500 rev/min and four different loads (idle, 1, 2, and 3 bar BMEP) of eddy current dynamometer. The addition of ethyl proxitol led to a decrease in in-cylinder pressure and temperature due to an about 1˚ later SOC and 2˚ earlier EOC compared to ULSD. The pressure rise rate was slightly higher compared to ULSD at both low and high loads, with a difference of about 1 bar per degree. As a result, these blends with improved CFPP value can be used in cold climates.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":"14 1","pages":"817 - 824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48033305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2175481
K. A. Sorate, P. V. Bhale
Abstract Deodorizer distillate is the primary waste product of the processing of vegetable oils. A two-step process, involving esterification and transesterification, was carried out on the deodorizer distillate to convert it into biodiesel. The properties of the produced biodiesel were measured and found to be comparable with diesel. The current study includes the compatibility of elastomers and the engine performance of biodiesel. The first section discusses the stability and degradation of several automotive elastomers with biodiesel according to Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards. This study (as per SAE J1748) presents the degrading behavior of automotive elastomers with biodiesel using a different scientific technique. A static immersion test was conducted to study the degradation behavior of the elastomers when immersed in conventional diesel and biodiesel as per the standards mentioned above. The results show the stability and degradability of six different types of elastomers when used with biodiesel. Viton and neoprene showed more degradation in biodiesel and diesel than other elastomers. Nitrile butadine rubber (NBR) showed about 715% elongation for diesel and 703% elongation for biodiesel, while polyvinyl chloride (PVC) alone showed an increase in tensile strength of 7.63% and 15.2% for diesel and biodiesel, respectively. Regarding combustion and emissions performance, the biodiesel showed satisfactory results.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of elastomer compatibility and engine performance of biodiesel derived from deodorizer distillate","authors":"K. A. Sorate, P. V. Bhale","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2175481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2175481","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Deodorizer distillate is the primary waste product of the processing of vegetable oils. A two-step process, involving esterification and transesterification, was carried out on the deodorizer distillate to convert it into biodiesel. The properties of the produced biodiesel were measured and found to be comparable with diesel. The current study includes the compatibility of elastomers and the engine performance of biodiesel. The first section discusses the stability and degradation of several automotive elastomers with biodiesel according to Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards. This study (as per SAE J1748) presents the degrading behavior of automotive elastomers with biodiesel using a different scientific technique. A static immersion test was conducted to study the degradation behavior of the elastomers when immersed in conventional diesel and biodiesel as per the standards mentioned above. The results show the stability and degradability of six different types of elastomers when used with biodiesel. Viton and neoprene showed more degradation in biodiesel and diesel than other elastomers. Nitrile butadine rubber (NBR) showed about 715% elongation for diesel and 703% elongation for biodiesel, while polyvinyl chloride (PVC) alone showed an increase in tensile strength of 7.63% and 15.2% for diesel and biodiesel, respectively. Regarding combustion and emissions performance, the biodiesel showed satisfactory results.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":"14 1","pages":"805 - 815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46882835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2173416
P. Grabowski, Magdalena Szostek
Abstract Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) can be used both as an independent fuel and as a component for petrodiesels. Unfortunately, it is very poorly resistant to oxidation processes. The paper presents tests of primary and secondary oxidation products as a determinant of oxidation resistance. Based on changes in the peroxide number, the oxidation kinetics of the biofuel FAME was determined. In the present study, an increase in density and viscosity was observed, caused by the formation of polymer deposits resulting from the transformation of secondary oxidation products and the polymerization and polycondensation reactions of fatty acid esters containing a double bond. The measurement results show a direct relationship between the anisidine number and the peroxide number. The presence of water in the FAME samples accelerates the formation of primary and secondary oxidation products during the storage of the FAME in a steel container. The kinetics study revealed a change in the biofuel aging kinetics, which indicates the negative impact of storage time on fuel quality.
{"title":"An experimental investigation on the influence of storage container on the development of oxidised products in biofuel","authors":"P. Grabowski, Magdalena Szostek","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2173416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2173416","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) can be used both as an independent fuel and as a component for petrodiesels. Unfortunately, it is very poorly resistant to oxidation processes. The paper presents tests of primary and secondary oxidation products as a determinant of oxidation resistance. Based on changes in the peroxide number, the oxidation kinetics of the biofuel FAME was determined. In the present study, an increase in density and viscosity was observed, caused by the formation of polymer deposits resulting from the transformation of secondary oxidation products and the polymerization and polycondensation reactions of fatty acid esters containing a double bond. The measurement results show a direct relationship between the anisidine number and the peroxide number. The presence of water in the FAME samples accelerates the formation of primary and secondary oxidation products during the storage of the FAME in a steel container. The kinetics study revealed a change in the biofuel aging kinetics, which indicates the negative impact of storage time on fuel quality.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":"14 1","pages":"767 - 773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44155811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-06DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2175479
Ahmet Alper Yontar
Abstract One exciting research topic is biofuels’ effects on soot formation. For this purpose, the combustion behavior of different biofuel pairs, with the main fuel being hydrogen-enriched methane, was investigated in a burner, using laser-induced incandescence (LII). The soot concentrations in several flames were observed for methanol, isobutanol, kerosene, dimethylfuran, ethanol, and isopropanol fuels coupled with hydrogen-enriched methane. Soot concentration was determined for the additive fuels and the effects of soot particles in the flame and Reynolds number on the flame oscillation and soot interaction were examined. The highest soot formation was observed in the h-methane + kerosene and led to large soot fractal aggregates. The isobutanol has 8.8% higher Re sensitivity for oscillation than isopropanol for soot concentration. Also, isobutanol causes a higher amount of soot production as Re increases. The flame area/soot area ratio decreases 1.7 times faster with dimethylfuran usage compared to kerosene. The dimethylfuran created a higher soot field in the flame by 23.9% compared to methanol and 25.9% compared to ethanol. At the tests, the lowest soot concentration was observed in the addition of isopropanol in hydrogen-enriched methane flame.
{"title":"Methanol, isobutanol, kerosene, dimethylfuran, ethanol, and isopropanol additives effects on soot concentration at hydrogen-enriched methane flames","authors":"Ahmet Alper Yontar","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2175479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2175479","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One exciting research topic is biofuels’ effects on soot formation. For this purpose, the combustion behavior of different biofuel pairs, with the main fuel being hydrogen-enriched methane, was investigated in a burner, using laser-induced incandescence (LII). The soot concentrations in several flames were observed for methanol, isobutanol, kerosene, dimethylfuran, ethanol, and isopropanol fuels coupled with hydrogen-enriched methane. Soot concentration was determined for the additive fuels and the effects of soot particles in the flame and Reynolds number on the flame oscillation and soot interaction were examined. The highest soot formation was observed in the h-methane + kerosene and led to large soot fractal aggregates. The isobutanol has 8.8% higher Re sensitivity for oscillation than isopropanol for soot concentration. Also, isobutanol causes a higher amount of soot production as Re increases. The flame area/soot area ratio decreases 1.7 times faster with dimethylfuran usage compared to kerosene. The dimethylfuran created a higher soot field in the flame by 23.9% compared to methanol and 25.9% compared to ethanol. At the tests, the lowest soot concentration was observed in the addition of isopropanol in hydrogen-enriched methane flame.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":"14 1","pages":"793 - 804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45797000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2172781
Sogeesh Mulampath Raman, M. M. Roy
Abstract The main objective of this study is to investigate some important fuel properties of expanded polystyrene (EPS)-infused biodiesel blends without and with the addition of a certain percentage of diethyl ether (DEE), a cetane number (CN) enhancer. The originality of this study is the use of high-CN DEE as an additive for EPS-infused canola biodiesel to investigate a diesel engine’s performance and emissions. Furthermore, we performed a microscopic study (of structure and particle size distribution) of EPS-infused canola biodiesel blends without and with DEE as an additive. Biodiesel is an effective solvent for EPS. EPS-infused biodiesel can be used in diesel engines for power production, and it can be a supplementary energy source for IC engines. This study investigates the EPS-infused biodiesel blend performance and emission in a direct injection (DI) diesel engine at low, medium, and high loads, each at 1000, 2100, and 3000 rpm. The EPS was dissolved in biodiesel at varying concentrations (2, 6, and 10 g/L) at room temperature (25 °C). The results for different EPS-infused biodiesel blends are compared with those of pure diesel and biodiesel, and EPS dissolution and performance improvements with DEE were achieved.
{"title":"Microscopic study of EPS-infused biodiesel with DEE and its performance and emissions in a diesel engine","authors":"Sogeesh Mulampath Raman, M. M. Roy","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2172781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2172781","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main objective of this study is to investigate some important fuel properties of expanded polystyrene (EPS)-infused biodiesel blends without and with the addition of a certain percentage of diethyl ether (DEE), a cetane number (CN) enhancer. The originality of this study is the use of high-CN DEE as an additive for EPS-infused canola biodiesel to investigate a diesel engine’s performance and emissions. Furthermore, we performed a microscopic study (of structure and particle size distribution) of EPS-infused canola biodiesel blends without and with DEE as an additive. Biodiesel is an effective solvent for EPS. EPS-infused biodiesel can be used in diesel engines for power production, and it can be a supplementary energy source for IC engines. This study investigates the EPS-infused biodiesel blend performance and emission in a direct injection (DI) diesel engine at low, medium, and high loads, each at 1000, 2100, and 3000 rpm. The EPS was dissolved in biodiesel at varying concentrations (2, 6, and 10 g/L) at room temperature (25 °C). The results for different EPS-infused biodiesel blends are compared with those of pure diesel and biodiesel, and EPS dissolution and performance improvements with DEE were achieved.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":"14 1","pages":"751 - 766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45827334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2175477
Andrés Lancheros, C. Guedes, D. Borsato
Abstract Biodiesel is considered an alternative fuel that offers socio-environmental advantages over regular diesel from fossil origin. Several feedstocks can produce biodiesel, but animal fat and waste cooking oil (WCO) have become attractive due to their low cost and easy availability. These feedstocks can be mixed with traditional soybean oil to improve biodiesel’s properties, such as oxidation stability and cloud point, which would help comply with the quality parameters required by law. This work aimed to optimize pure biodiesel (B100) production from the mixture of soybean oil, beef tallow, and WCO by the methyl route and homogeneous (basic) catalysis. The simplex-centroid mixture experimental design was used to optimize yield, Induction Period (IP), and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP). The results indicated that the optimum formulation was a mixture containing 50% soybean oil, 33% beef tallow, and 17% WCO. The quality parameters evaluated are within limits established by international legislation; IP of 7.11 h and CFPP of 0 °C. The real values of the R2, p-values, or t-values validate the obtained models.
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