Pub Date : 2023-04-09DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2196804
Siew Fan Wong, A. N. T. Tiong, Yun Huang Chin
Abstract The abundance of waste cooking oil (WCO) makes it an attractive alternative for biodiesel production. To date, research emphasizing biodiesel production via two-step transesterification from WCO, with the pre-treatment of WCO using combined activated carbon adsorption and acid esterification, is limited. Therefore, it is the aim of this study to (1) reduce the free fatty acid of WCO through a combination of pre-treatment using activated carbon and esterification of acid catalysis simultaneously, (2) maximize the production of biodiesel via a two-step transesterification process, and (3) compare the converted biodiesel against the biodiesel standards. The amount of activated carbon and the reaction time for each step of the transesterification process are varied. The combination pre-treatment method has successfully reduced the FFA content in WCO from 9.297% to below 3%. The produced biodiesel is verified as fully converted biodiesel via solubility testing in ethanol. The optimum conditions for biodiesel production are pre-treatment using 5 g of powdered activated carbon and a reaction time for each transesterification step of 30 min. The biodiesel generated under these conditions meets the biodiesel standards. It has the highest content of saturated fatty acid, with the maximum biodiesel yield of 52.78%.
{"title":"Pre-treatment of waste cooking oil by combined activated carbon adsorption and acid esterification for biodiesel synthesis via two-stage transesterification","authors":"Siew Fan Wong, A. N. T. Tiong, Yun Huang Chin","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2196804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2196804","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The abundance of waste cooking oil (WCO) makes it an attractive alternative for biodiesel production. To date, research emphasizing biodiesel production via two-step transesterification from WCO, with the pre-treatment of WCO using combined activated carbon adsorption and acid esterification, is limited. Therefore, it is the aim of this study to (1) reduce the free fatty acid of WCO through a combination of pre-treatment using activated carbon and esterification of acid catalysis simultaneously, (2) maximize the production of biodiesel via a two-step transesterification process, and (3) compare the converted biodiesel against the biodiesel standards. The amount of activated carbon and the reaction time for each step of the transesterification process are varied. The combination pre-treatment method has successfully reduced the FFA content in WCO from 9.297% to below 3%. The produced biodiesel is verified as fully converted biodiesel via solubility testing in ethanol. The optimum conditions for biodiesel production are pre-treatment using 5 g of powdered activated carbon and a reaction time for each transesterification step of 30 min. The biodiesel generated under these conditions meets the biodiesel standards. It has the highest content of saturated fatty acid, with the maximum biodiesel yield of 52.78%.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41472679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2190569
Marziyeh Ansari Samani, Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani, M. Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, S. Rostami, R. Ebrahimi
Abstract Conventional transesterification processes are time-consuming and costly. New methods, such as non-thermal plasma technology, reduce the reaction time and temperature. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the use of a combined plasma jet–hydrodynamic reactor for transesterification. The plasma jet used in this research comprised a ceramic tube with a central high-voltage electrode and a ring outer electrode, into which argon gas was fed. The hydrodynamic reactor consisted of a rotor with holes in its environment that rotated in a fixed stator. In this study, the operating parameters for plasma jet evaluation include the molar ratio of methanol to oil (4:1, 6:1, 8:1), catalyst concentration (0.75, 1, 1.25 wt.%), and reaction time (30, 60, and 90 s). The operating parameters for evaluating the hydrodynamic reactor included reaction time (30, 60, and 90 s), reaction temperature (40, 50, and 60 °C), and rotor–stator distance (10, 20, and 30 mm). The response surface method (RSM) and Box–Behnken design were used to analyze and optimize the results. According to the results, using a plasma jet alone produces a conversion percentage of 83%. Finally, the product’s physical and chemical characteristics were evaluated, and it was found to be insufficiently compliant with international standards.
{"title":"Biodiesel production from sunflower oil using a combined atmospheric cold plasma jet-hydrodynamic reactor","authors":"Marziyeh Ansari Samani, Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani, M. Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, S. Rostami, R. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2190569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2190569","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Conventional transesterification processes are time-consuming and costly. New methods, such as non-thermal plasma technology, reduce the reaction time and temperature. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the use of a combined plasma jet–hydrodynamic reactor for transesterification. The plasma jet used in this research comprised a ceramic tube with a central high-voltage electrode and a ring outer electrode, into which argon gas was fed. The hydrodynamic reactor consisted of a rotor with holes in its environment that rotated in a fixed stator. In this study, the operating parameters for plasma jet evaluation include the molar ratio of methanol to oil (4:1, 6:1, 8:1), catalyst concentration (0.75, 1, 1.25 wt.%), and reaction time (30, 60, and 90 s). The operating parameters for evaluating the hydrodynamic reactor included reaction time (30, 60, and 90 s), reaction temperature (40, 50, and 60 °C), and rotor–stator distance (10, 20, and 30 mm). The response surface method (RSM) and Box–Behnken design were used to analyze and optimize the results. According to the results, using a plasma jet alone produces a conversion percentage of 83%. Finally, the product’s physical and chemical characteristics were evaluated, and it was found to be insufficiently compliant with international standards.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46071477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2185728
D. Tsegaye, S. Leta
Abstract Treatment of slaughterhouse and other agro-processing industry effluent has become important due to continuous global population growth and meat demand, particularly in developing countries, for sustainable biowaste management as well as value additions such as biofuel. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of two-phase anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater in terms of biogas production, methane yield, and removal efficiencies of organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Two consecutively connected 40 L galvanized metal anaerobic batch bioreactors were used to conduct the experiment. The total phosphorus removal efficiencies of hydrolytic-acidogenic reactor and methanogenic reactor were 13.34% and 16.58%, respectively. Total chemical oxygen demand, soluble chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total solids, total suspended solids, volatile solids, and turbidity had overall removal efficiencies of 82.87, 88.53, 93.32, 75.35, 95.55, 98.95, 97.42 and 98.06%, respectively. Biogas production of 189.45 mL/day with methane and carbon dioxide compositions of 67.69% and 29.9%, respectively, was also achieved. It was concluded that the two-phase anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater shows substantial organic matter removal efficiencies and biogas production.
{"title":"Evaluation of biogas production and pollutant removal efficiency of two-phase anaerobic digestion treating slaughterhouse effluent","authors":"D. Tsegaye, S. Leta","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2185728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2185728","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Treatment of slaughterhouse and other agro-processing industry effluent has become important due to continuous global population growth and meat demand, particularly in developing countries, for sustainable biowaste management as well as value additions such as biofuel. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of two-phase anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater in terms of biogas production, methane yield, and removal efficiencies of organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Two consecutively connected 40 L galvanized metal anaerobic batch bioreactors were used to conduct the experiment. The total phosphorus removal efficiencies of hydrolytic-acidogenic reactor and methanogenic reactor were 13.34% and 16.58%, respectively. Total chemical oxygen demand, soluble chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total solids, total suspended solids, volatile solids, and turbidity had overall removal efficiencies of 82.87, 88.53, 93.32, 75.35, 95.55, 98.95, 97.42 and 98.06%, respectively. Biogas production of 189.45 mL/day with methane and carbon dioxide compositions of 67.69% and 29.9%, respectively, was also achieved. It was concluded that the two-phase anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater shows substantial organic matter removal efficiencies and biogas production.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41965337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2191386
M. Yeşilyurt, Battal Doğan, Abdulvahap Çakmak
Abstract In this study, thermodynamic and economic analyses of binary fuel blends (E15, EA15, M15, MA15, and T15) using commercial gasoline as fuel and oxygenated fuel additives (ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, methyl acetate, and terpineol) at 15% by volume in a spark-ignition engine were performed. Performance and emission tests were carried out at various engine loads at a constant speed of 1500 rpm using commercial gasoline and five different fuel blends. Thermodynamic analyses were carried out on the test data. The augmentation in engine load caused an increase in exergy losses and a decrease in the unit cost of engine power exergy values. Specifically for gasoline fuel, the unit cost of engine power exergy at 25% engine load is 1.99 times higher than at 100% load. In fuel blends, the pump price of each fuel affects the fuel cost rate. Exergy efficiency in fuel blends increases with increasing engine load. The highest exergy efficiency is 19.58% for gasoline fuel at 100% engine load. It is 15.95% for M15 fuel at the same load. The exergy values of G100 and T15 fuel were closest to each other and T15 offered better energetic and exergetic performance than the other binary blends.
{"title":"Research on the usability of various oxygenated fuel additives in a spark-ignition engine considering thermodynamic and economic analyses","authors":"M. Yeşilyurt, Battal Doğan, Abdulvahap Çakmak","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2191386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2191386","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, thermodynamic and economic analyses of binary fuel blends (E15, EA15, M15, MA15, and T15) using commercial gasoline as fuel and oxygenated fuel additives (ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, methyl acetate, and terpineol) at 15% by volume in a spark-ignition engine were performed. Performance and emission tests were carried out at various engine loads at a constant speed of 1500 rpm using commercial gasoline and five different fuel blends. Thermodynamic analyses were carried out on the test data. The augmentation in engine load caused an increase in exergy losses and a decrease in the unit cost of engine power exergy values. Specifically for gasoline fuel, the unit cost of engine power exergy at 25% engine load is 1.99 times higher than at 100% load. In fuel blends, the pump price of each fuel affects the fuel cost rate. Exergy efficiency in fuel blends increases with increasing engine load. The highest exergy efficiency is 19.58% for gasoline fuel at 100% engine load. It is 15.95% for M15 fuel at the same load. The exergy values of G100 and T15 fuel were closest to each other and T15 offered better energetic and exergetic performance than the other binary blends.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46997956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2194117
Sirlei Marques Paschoal, J. G. Sgorlon, Lucas Gama, F. B. Scheufele, M. C. Gomes
Abstract The search for renewable energy sources is a global concern that strengthens the expansion of the biodiesel industry. In view of the environmental and economic problems of the conventional purification process of this biofuel, there is a need to explore alternative methods of purification. In this way, this manuscript evaluated the use of passion fruit seed meal as an alternative for biodiesel purification. In the adsorption tests, with a concentration of the biosorbent equal to 40 g L−1, at 45 °C, for 90 min, there was a removal of 72.2% of free glycerol and reduction in the content of glycerol to values below the maximum limit imposed by the legislation. Furthermore, through the characterization of the meal and the adsorption equilibrium data, it was possible to propose the mechanism involved in the adsorption process corresponds to hydrogen interactions between the glycerol and the oxygenated groups of the biosorbent. In the membrane separation process, the free glycerol removals obtained with the meal functionalized membrane were three times higher than those with the commercial membrane. Thus, the passion fruit seed meal can be a promising alternative for biodiesel purification, bringing economic and environmental advantages due to the reduction in the generation of effluents. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
摘要寻找可再生能源是全球关注的问题，这加强了生物柴油行业的扩张。鉴于这种生物燃料的传统纯化过程的环境和经济问题，有必要探索替代的纯化方法。通过这种方式，本文评估了百香果籽粕作为生物柴油纯化替代品的用途。在吸附测试中，生物吸附剂的浓度等于40 g L−1，在45 °C，90 分钟，去除了72.2%的游离甘油，并将甘油含量降低到低于立法规定的最大限度的值。此外，通过对膳食的表征和吸附平衡数据，可以提出吸附过程中涉及的机制对应于甘油和生物吸附剂的含氧基团之间的氢相互作用。在膜分离过程中，用膳食功能化膜获得的游离甘油去除率是商业膜的三倍。因此，百香果籽粕是一种很有前途的生物柴油净化替代品，由于减少了废水的产生，带来了经济和环境优势。图形摘要
{"title":"Application of passion fruit seed meal in alternative biodiesel purification process: study of glycerol adsorption mechanism and incorporation into polymeric membrane","authors":"Sirlei Marques Paschoal, J. G. Sgorlon, Lucas Gama, F. B. Scheufele, M. C. Gomes","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2194117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2194117","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The search for renewable energy sources is a global concern that strengthens the expansion of the biodiesel industry. In view of the environmental and economic problems of the conventional purification process of this biofuel, there is a need to explore alternative methods of purification. In this way, this manuscript evaluated the use of passion fruit seed meal as an alternative for biodiesel purification. In the adsorption tests, with a concentration of the biosorbent equal to 40 g L−1, at 45 °C, for 90 min, there was a removal of 72.2% of free glycerol and reduction in the content of glycerol to values below the maximum limit imposed by the legislation. Furthermore, through the characterization of the meal and the adsorption equilibrium data, it was possible to propose the mechanism involved in the adsorption process corresponds to hydrogen interactions between the glycerol and the oxygenated groups of the biosorbent. In the membrane separation process, the free glycerol removals obtained with the meal functionalized membrane were three times higher than those with the commercial membrane. Thus, the passion fruit seed meal can be a promising alternative for biodiesel purification, bringing economic and environmental advantages due to the reduction in the generation of effluents. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44863217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2172769
R. Alsaiari, E. M. Musa, H. Alqahtani, M. Rizk
Abstract The catalyst typically employed to produce biodiesel was replaced with the CaO catalyst of eggshell derivation as this shows great potential as a substitute catalyst. The synthesised catalysts were assessed in terms of their physical and chemical qualities via BET, TGA and XRD analysis. This revealed that, besides displaying exceptional transesterification activity, the catalyst synthesised at 950 °C also offered the greatest biodiesel yield. The present work involved subjecting the inedible date seed oil-producing feedstock to the process of generating biodiesel. CaO nanoparticles of waste eggshell derivation resulting from calcination at various temperatures provided mediation for the process of transesterification. The maximum of 85% yield of biodiesel was attained based on a 1:12 oil–ethanol ratio, 4 wt.% catalyst loading and 75 °C temperature. The catalyst evaluation showed that the CaO nanoparticles were pure and of nanoscale. Furthermore, many distinct ethyl ester peaks were identified when biodiesel was analysed through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. There was also confirmation that ethyl ester exhibited fuel-associated characteristics, which were consistent with the specifications of the international standards ASTM D-6571 and EN 14214.
{"title":"Biodiesel production from date seed oil via CaO-derived catalyst from waste eggshell","authors":"R. Alsaiari, E. M. Musa, H. Alqahtani, M. Rizk","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2172769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2172769","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The catalyst typically employed to produce biodiesel was replaced with the CaO catalyst of eggshell derivation as this shows great potential as a substitute catalyst. The synthesised catalysts were assessed in terms of their physical and chemical qualities via BET, TGA and XRD analysis. This revealed that, besides displaying exceptional transesterification activity, the catalyst synthesised at 950 °C also offered the greatest biodiesel yield. The present work involved subjecting the inedible date seed oil-producing feedstock to the process of generating biodiesel. CaO nanoparticles of waste eggshell derivation resulting from calcination at various temperatures provided mediation for the process of transesterification. The maximum of 85% yield of biodiesel was attained based on a 1:12 oil–ethanol ratio, 4 wt.% catalyst loading and 75 °C temperature. The catalyst evaluation showed that the CaO nanoparticles were pure and of nanoscale. Furthermore, many distinct ethyl ester peaks were identified when biodiesel was analysed through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. There was also confirmation that ethyl ester exhibited fuel-associated characteristics, which were consistent with the specifications of the international standards ASTM D-6571 and EN 14214.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44932720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-21DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2190571
Nivash Venkatachalam, Sakthivadivel Duraisamy
Abstract The simulation modelling of air-CO2 and air-steam-CO2 gasification of the aggressive weed, Parthenium hysterophorous is performed using an ASPEN Plus simulator and the outcomes are compared with an existing gasification study taken from the literature. The effect of temperature on the biomass gasification process, and the generation of the gases carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2), and methane (CH4) are estimated in the temperature range of 300 – 1000 °C. The objectives of this study are to identify the important processes within the operating variables of elemental parameters with the gasifying agents (air-CO2 and air-steam-CO2) and to understand how temperature impacts the yield of syngas. Research findings from the gasification of biomass by air-CO2 and air-steam-CO2 are also used for comparison. The syngas yield appears to be significantly impacted by temperature variation. Due to the introduction of CO2, the studies of the gas evolution in this gasification process demonstrate a substantial increase in the output % of H2 and CO due to the introduction of CO2.
{"title":"ASPEN plus modelling of air-CO2 and air-steam-CO2 gasification of Parthenium hysterophorous for hydrogen and carbon monoxide rich syngas production","authors":"Nivash Venkatachalam, Sakthivadivel Duraisamy","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2190571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2190571","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The simulation modelling of air-CO2 and air-steam-CO2 gasification of the aggressive weed, Parthenium hysterophorous is performed using an ASPEN Plus simulator and the outcomes are compared with an existing gasification study taken from the literature. The effect of temperature on the biomass gasification process, and the generation of the gases carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2), and methane (CH4) are estimated in the temperature range of 300 – 1000 °C. The objectives of this study are to identify the important processes within the operating variables of elemental parameters with the gasifying agents (air-CO2 and air-steam-CO2) and to understand how temperature impacts the yield of syngas. Research findings from the gasification of biomass by air-CO2 and air-steam-CO2 are also used for comparison. The syngas yield appears to be significantly impacted by temperature variation. Due to the introduction of CO2, the studies of the gas evolution in this gasification process demonstrate a substantial increase in the output % of H2 and CO due to the introduction of CO2.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48892858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2190567
Ajayan K. V, T. M, H. C. C, Preejamol P
Abstract Optimal nitrate, phosphate and salinity for maximal biomass, lipid and carotenoid content of the freshwater microalga Kirchneriella obesa were investigated by using Box-Behnken Design. In an optimised condition, these three factors enhanced biomass production by 0.64 g/L more than the control (0.25 g/L). At 2.5 g/L nitrate, 0.04 g/L phosphate, and 25 mM NaCl, the maximum lipid accumulation (46.02%) and carotenoid content (2.58 mg/L) were achieved. The fit of the model yielded R2 values of up to 0.9955 for biomass, 0.9984 for lipids and 0.9999 for carotenoid, respectively. For the highest carbohydrate (418.28 mg/L) content, the medium was supplemented with 1.5 g/L nitrate, 0.04 g/L phosphate, and 40 mM NaCl. While the highest protein content (320.53 mg/L) was attributed to the medium with 3 g/L nitrate, 0.02 g/L phosphate and 25 mM NaCl. The major fatty acid compositions found in this algae were C18:1trans (16.36 ± 1.4), C18:1cis (6.001 ± 0.44), C18:2 (8.32 ± 1.1) and C18:3 (34.39 ± 2.3%), demonstrating their importance in biofuel production and human health.
摘要采用Box-Behnken设计研究了淡水微藻(Kirchneriella obesa)生物量、脂质和类胡萝卜素含量最大的最佳硝酸盐、磷酸盐和盐度。在优化条件下，这三个因素使生物量产量比对照(0.25 g/L)提高了0.64 g/L。在2.5 g/L硝酸盐、0.04 g/L磷酸盐和25 mM NaCl处理下，脂质积累达到46.02%，类胡萝卜素含量达到2.58 mg/L。生物量、脂类和类胡萝卜素的拟合R2分别高达0.9955、0.9984和0.9999。当培养基中添加1.5 g/L硝酸盐、0.04 g/L磷酸盐和40 mM NaCl时，碳水化合物含量最高(418.28 mg/L)。在硝酸盐浓度为3 g/L、磷酸盐浓度为0.02 g/L、NaCl浓度为25 mM的培养基中，蛋白质含量最高，为320.53 mg/L。该藻类的主要脂肪酸组成为C18:1trans(16.36±1.4)、C18:1cis(6.001±0.44)、C18:2(8.32±1.1)和C18:3(34.39±2.3%)，表明其在生物燃料生产和人类健康中的重要性。
{"title":"NaCl stress mediated lipid and carotenoid production in freshwater microalga Kirchneriella obesa by optimization of medium composition using response surface methodology","authors":"Ajayan K. V, T. M, H. C. C, Preejamol P","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2190567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2190567","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Optimal nitrate, phosphate and salinity for maximal biomass, lipid and carotenoid content of the freshwater microalga Kirchneriella obesa were investigated by using Box-Behnken Design. In an optimised condition, these three factors enhanced biomass production by 0.64 g/L more than the control (0.25 g/L). At 2.5 g/L nitrate, 0.04 g/L phosphate, and 25 mM NaCl, the maximum lipid accumulation (46.02%) and carotenoid content (2.58 mg/L) were achieved. The fit of the model yielded R2 values of up to 0.9955 for biomass, 0.9984 for lipids and 0.9999 for carotenoid, respectively. For the highest carbohydrate (418.28 mg/L) content, the medium was supplemented with 1.5 g/L nitrate, 0.04 g/L phosphate, and 40 mM NaCl. While the highest protein content (320.53 mg/L) was attributed to the medium with 3 g/L nitrate, 0.02 g/L phosphate and 25 mM NaCl. The major fatty acid compositions found in this algae were C18:1trans (16.36 ± 1.4), C18:1cis (6.001 ± 0.44), C18:2 (8.32 ± 1.1) and C18:3 (34.39 ± 2.3%), demonstrating their importance in biofuel production and human health.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44588951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2185726
S. Reddy, S. K. Sarangi
Abstract The combined mixture and process design (CMPD)-based optimization tool showed precise prediction and optimized results when there were two or more mixture combinations and one or more process factors investigated. Therefore, in this study, the CMPD method was employed to optimize the mixture components of premixed 20% mango seed methyl ester mixed with 80% diesel (MB20); 2-propanol and 1-hexanol components were optimized with process factor of variable loads. The process factor load was varied from 0 to 100% at 25% intervals, whereas the amount of alcohol was not permitted to exceed 15% by volume in each case. The designed CMPD model optimized the emission parameters such as CO, CO2, O2, HC and NOx to their minimum levels to produce maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) from the test engine. The developed optimization model achieved a maximum regression value (R2) of 0.9826 for BTE while CO attained the lowest value (i.e. 0.9254 R2). However, the model optimized BTE, BSFC, CO, CO2, O2, NOx and HC values as 24.31%, 0.452 kg/kw.h, 0.133%, 3.397%, 15.896%, 283.268 ppm and 17.879 ppm, respectively, with the desirability of 0.884. This suggests the optimum fuel combination is 80% MB20, 5% 2-propanol, and 15% 1-hexanol with a 76.086% load.
{"title":"Optimization of biodiesel/2-propanol/1-hexanol blends based on diesel engine performance using combined mixture-process design (CMPD)","authors":"S. Reddy, S. K. Sarangi","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2185726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2185726","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The combined mixture and process design (CMPD)-based optimization tool showed precise prediction and optimized results when there were two or more mixture combinations and one or more process factors investigated. Therefore, in this study, the CMPD method was employed to optimize the mixture components of premixed 20% mango seed methyl ester mixed with 80% diesel (MB20); 2-propanol and 1-hexanol components were optimized with process factor of variable loads. The process factor load was varied from 0 to 100% at 25% intervals, whereas the amount of alcohol was not permitted to exceed 15% by volume in each case. The designed CMPD model optimized the emission parameters such as CO, CO2, O2, HC and NOx to their minimum levels to produce maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) from the test engine. The developed optimization model achieved a maximum regression value (R2) of 0.9826 for BTE while CO attained the lowest value (i.e. 0.9254 R2). However, the model optimized BTE, BSFC, CO, CO2, O2, NOx and HC values as 24.31%, 0.452 kg/kw.h, 0.133%, 3.397%, 15.896%, 283.268 ppm and 17.879 ppm, respectively, with the desirability of 0.884. This suggests the optimum fuel combination is 80% MB20, 5% 2-propanol, and 15% 1-hexanol with a 76.086% load.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41487869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2190574
P. Kumar, P. Subbarao, V. Vijay, S. A. Khan, Amit Sharma, L. Kala
Abstract This study provides insight into performance of internal combustion engines while using renewable fuels. Biogas and producer gas mix together with biodiesel was supplied to a spark ignition dual fuel engine and its performance was analysed. The engine was also operated on biodiesel alone in order to draw comparison in the performance on both the single fuel and dual fuel mode. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) in mixed fuel mode was obtained 61.4% lower in a biodiesel-producer gas mode and 69.13% lower in a biodiesel-biogas-producer gas mode in comparison with diesel mode at 5 kW load. The brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) for biodiesel-biogas-producer gas mode at 6 kW load was higher by 164.80% and 87%, respectively, than for diesel operation. This work was carried out with the objective to explore the potential for utilization of waste agro residues as biofuels for dual fuel engines, used so prevalently in rural areas.
{"title":"Performance assessment of compression ignition engines powered by biogas, biodiesel, and producer gas mix derived from agriculture waste","authors":"P. Kumar, P. Subbarao, V. Vijay, S. A. Khan, Amit Sharma, L. Kala","doi":"10.1080/17597269.2023.2190574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2190574","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study provides insight into performance of internal combustion engines while using renewable fuels. Biogas and producer gas mix together with biodiesel was supplied to a spark ignition dual fuel engine and its performance was analysed. The engine was also operated on biodiesel alone in order to draw comparison in the performance on both the single fuel and dual fuel mode. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) in mixed fuel mode was obtained 61.4% lower in a biodiesel-producer gas mode and 69.13% lower in a biodiesel-biogas-producer gas mode in comparison with diesel mode at 5 kW load. The brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) for biodiesel-biogas-producer gas mode at 6 kW load was higher by 164.80% and 87%, respectively, than for diesel operation. This work was carried out with the objective to explore the potential for utilization of waste agro residues as biofuels for dual fuel engines, used so prevalently in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":56057,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels-Uk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47335462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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