Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine最新文献

Introduction: This study explored the logical underpinnings of medical reasoning, focusing on the integration of abduction, deduction, and induction within clinical decision-making. It aimed to highlight the role of abduction in generating hypotheses, particularly in complex cases that defy standard protocols, and to examine the synergy between human expertise and AI-assisted tools in enhancing diagnostic accuracy.

Methods: The research employed a qualitative approach, analyzing philosophical theories and integrating them with clinical case studies. The study examined the interplay of logical processes in medical diagnostics and the application of abduction in rare and novel cases. Additionally, the potential of AI-assisted tools to support clinical reasoning and reduce diagnostic noise was explored.

Results: Abduction was identified as a critical yet often underappreciated element in medical reasoning essential for hypothesis generation. Deduction refines hypotheses against established medical knowledge, while induction validates decisions through empirical data. AI-assisted tools were found to enhance diagnostic accuracy by reducing noise, although they did not engage in the musement or genuine abductions that characterize human clinical reasoning.

Discussion: The study concluded that a triadic approach to clinical reasoning, incorporating abduction, deduction, and induction, is essential for effective medical diagnostics. In particular, abduction plays a pivotal role in navigating the complexities of clinical decision-making. The integration of AI tools can reduce noise and improve diagnostic processes, but the essential human elements of insight and judgment remain irreplaceable in patient care.

Medical professionals have been portrayed as hard-working and serious individuals in most Egyptian dramas. Recent Egyptian TV series have portrayed medical service providers, highlighting different aspects of their personalities. The present paper adopts an approach that combines the studies of humor and language to investigate the comedic representation of medical professionals in contemporary Egyptian television TV drama, with special reference to a recent TV series called Balto (2023). Within the framework of humor theories of incongruity and superiority, this paper aims to analyze elements of the comedic portrayal of health professionals in the selected TV series, Balto, to investigate how humor is employed to both humanize the long-idealized depiction of doctors as well as critique societal perceptions of representatives of the medical sector in Egypt. The paper particularly focuses on analyzing how the protagonist and other medical professionals practice their work, exercise managerial power, and operate/function with their peers and patients within a small remote health unit.

Disability/illness is an enigma that we experience but whose implications we have not fully fathomed. One's sense of self is impacted by disability/ illness. Autopathographies gave people with disability/ chronic illness a chance to share their life with a disability or a chronic illness, which also reflects on identity. Moreover, identity is influenced by social stigma as well as gender. This paper examines the impact of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on the life and sense of self of the Kuwaiti writer and scholar, Shahd Alshammari's The paper also analyzes the relation between disability, gender and race drawing attention to the impact of narration in helping in the process of self-discovery after being inflicted with MS.

Background: Euthanasia is a polarizing topic in healthcare, particularly in Iran, where Islamic principles emphasizing the sanctity of life shape ethical perspectives. Understanding the attitudes of Iranian healthcare providers toward euthanasia and the factors influencing these views is critical, given the cultural and religious context. The primary objective of this study was to systematically identify and synthesize the key factors influencing healthcare providers' attitudes toward euthanasia in Iran.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, and SID databases up to March 10, 2025. Inclusion criteria encompassed observational studies reporting quantitative data on euthanasia attitudes among Iranian healthcare providers. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Due to heterogeneity in study designs and measurement tools, a narrative synthesis was performed.

Results: Of 595 identified records, 36 studies involving 7,790 participants met inclusion criteria. Attitudes toward euthanasia were predominantly cautious or negative, with stronger opposition among older providers, females, and those with deep religious beliefs. Younger age, male gender, clinical experience, and exposure to terminal patients correlated with more positive attitudes. Religious and cultural factors, particularly Islamic teachings, were significant barriers to acceptance, while urban settings and higher education were linked to neutral or mixed views.

Conclusion: Iranian healthcare providers' attitudes toward euthanasia reflect a complex interplay of religious, cultural, and professional influences. These findings underscore the need for enhanced palliative care and ethical training in Iran's healthcare system to address end-of-life dilemmas while respecting cultural boundaries.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Background: The medical care provided by the physician is an important part of the hospital scene and the action of caring. Assessments of the physician-patient meeting are based on welcome and the physician's ability to be perceived as hospitable by the patient. By definition, to be hospitable is to have the ability to welcome, care for, reassure, and be courteous, respectful, and trustworthy. This article aims to understand patients' perceptions of medical care perceived as not hospitable, characterized by a lack of care and welcome, in a hospital environment, based on a complaint's website.

Method: The research method used was qualitative analysis and the research strategy was documentary research. The data were collected on a complaints registration platform. The theoretical framework used was the theory of Hospitality. The study selected, coded, and categorized the complaints of 127 patients at the 09 most renowned private hospitals in Brazil. The Voyant tools assisted in the textual analysis of complaints while coding classified them into categories.

Results: After evaluating the reasons and elements of the complaint, the following was analyzed the encounter characterized as hostile and inhospitable and the attitudes perceived by the patients were grouped into what was defined as "the 4 D's of non-hospitality": dehumanization, disregard, dereliction of duty, and disability. Each of the attitudes was characterized by the physician's behavior and the sensations, emotions, and feelings triggered in the patient.

Conclusions: Patients' perception of the not hospitable encounter may be hostile or inhospitable. The physician's attitude is an important criterion for evaluating the encounter. The physician's attitude and the form of care are key factors in a culture focused on hospitality in the hospital environment. Hostile and inhospitable attitudes affect the physician-patient relationship and may compromise the patient's well-being.

Background: As a major public health event, the pandemic has been widely discussed across various academic disciplines. In the field of humanities, most pandemic-related studies use introspective methods such as description and interpretation, indicating to some extent subjective and one-sided conclusions. In this paper, pandemic-related linguistic information and linguistic big data serve as research materials. Based on the theory of linguocultural concepts, the study employed natural language processing methods such as the analysis of word frequency and collocation co-occurrence to conduct an in-depth empirical study of /pandemic/пaндeмия as a linguocultural concept in Chinese, English, and Russian linguistic consciousness from diachronic and synchronic perspectives.

Methods: Based on the basic linguocultural theories, this study provides a comprehensive interpretation of the etymological data on the conceptual words /pandemic/пaндeмия, its lexical interpretation, and high-frequency words and co-occurring collocations related to the pandemic in Chinese, English, and Russian text corpora in Sketch Engine. The paper also analyzes reports from the mainstream media (People's Daily Online, BBC, and TASS) to depict and explain in detail the aspects of linguocultural concepts. The historical trends of the pandemic-related concepts in the three languages were examined by observing word frequency changes through Google Book Viewer. This hybrid empirical research framework, which combines cultural concepts with linguistic big data technology, made it possible to explore the content of linguocultural concepts in a more objective, comprehensive, and profound way.

Results: The study revealed that: 1) In terms of etymology, the Chinese character (yi, pandemic) implies a belief that pandemics were created by ghosts and gods to render people immobile. The character (yi, pandemic) is also related to the concept of a fight. The English and Russian analogues (pandemic/пaндeмия) denote the same phenomenon: a disease that spreads widely among the whole population. 2) For more than 100 years since the twentieth century, pandemics have been a more significant part of Chinese consciousness than they have been in English and Russian cultures. 3) During the COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020-2023, the total number of news reports on (yi, pandemic) in Chinese was higher than the total number of news reports in English and Russian. This indicates that Chinese media tend to pay much more attention to the COVID-19 pandemic than media in the United Kingdom and Russia in all aspects. 4) China emphasizes the containment of domestic outbreaks through stringent, proactive, and comprehensive measures, including quarantine protocols, extensive testing campaigns, and evidence-based treatment strategies. On the contrary, the United Kingdom and Russia are more concerned with the global outcomes of the pandemic.

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