Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.08.001
Ju-Young Bae, Julie Jacquemyn, Maria S Ioannou
In neurodegeneration, neurons release lipids that accumulate in glial lipid droplets (LDs). But what controls lipid transport and how does this affect glia? A recent study by Li et al. discovered that the loss of neuronal AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity promotes lipid efflux, which drives a proinflammatory state in microglia.
{"title":"Neuronal AMPK regulates lipid transport to microglia.","authors":"Ju-Young Bae, Julie Jacquemyn, Maria S Ioannou","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In neurodegeneration, neurons release lipids that accumulate in glial lipid droplets (LDs). But what controls lipid transport and how does this affect glia? A recent study by Li et al. discovered that the loss of neuronal AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity promotes lipid efflux, which drives a proinflammatory state in microglia.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.005
Prakash Kharel, Pavel Ivanov
RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s) are noncanonical secondary structures formed by guanine-rich sequences that are found in different regions of RNA molecules. These structures have been implicated in diverse biological processes, including translation, splicing, and RNA stability. Recent studies have suggested that rG4s play a role in the cellular response to stress. This review summarizes the current knowledge on rG4s under stress, focusing on their formation, regulation, and potential functions in stress response pathways. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate the formation of rG4 under different stress conditions and the impact of these structures on RNA metabolism, gene expression, and cell survival. Finally, we highlight the potential therapeutic implications of targeting rG4s for the treatment of stress-related diseases through modulating cell survival.
{"title":"RNA G-quadruplexes and stress: emerging mechanisms and functions.","authors":"Prakash Kharel, Pavel Ivanov","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s) are noncanonical secondary structures formed by guanine-rich sequences that are found in different regions of RNA molecules. These structures have been implicated in diverse biological processes, including translation, splicing, and RNA stability. Recent studies have suggested that rG4s play a role in the cellular response to stress. This review summarizes the current knowledge on rG4s under stress, focusing on their formation, regulation, and potential functions in stress response pathways. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate the formation of rG4 under different stress conditions and the impact of these structures on RNA metabolism, gene expression, and cell survival. Finally, we highlight the potential therapeutic implications of targeting rG4s for the treatment of stress-related diseases through modulating cell survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139716633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.003
Kamil Seyrek, Nikita V Ivanisenko, Corinna König, Inna N Lavrik
The importance of post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly O-GlcNAcylation, of cytoplasmic proteins in apoptosis has been neglected for quite a while. Modification of cytoplasmic proteins by a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar is a dynamic and reversible PTM exhibiting properties more like phosphorylation than classical O- and N-linked glycosylation. Due to the sparse information existing, we have only limited understanding of how GlcNAcylation affects cell death. Deciphering the role of GlcNAcylation in cell fate may provide further understanding of cell fate decisions. This review focus on the modulation of extrinsic apoptotic pathway via GlcNAcylation carried out by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) or by other bacterial effector proteins.
{"title":"Modulation of extrinsic apoptotic pathway by intracellular glycosylation.","authors":"Kamil Seyrek, Nikita V Ivanisenko, Corinna König, Inna N Lavrik","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance of post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly O-GlcNAcylation, of cytoplasmic proteins in apoptosis has been neglected for quite a while. Modification of cytoplasmic proteins by a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar is a dynamic and reversible PTM exhibiting properties more like phosphorylation than classical O- and N-linked glycosylation. Due to the sparse information existing, we have only limited understanding of how GlcNAcylation affects cell death. Deciphering the role of GlcNAcylation in cell fate may provide further understanding of cell fate decisions. This review focus on the modulation of extrinsic apoptotic pathway via GlcNAcylation carried out by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) or by other bacterial effector proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139713422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause most cases of cervical cancer, a disease with an increasing impact worldwide. Recent studies have shown that the synthesis of viral oncoproteins is strongly subject to translational control. Thus, targeting the protein synthesis machinery might open novel avenues to develop innovative therapies aiming to improve patients' survival.
{"title":"Translational control of papillomavirus mRNAs in the spotlight.","authors":"Alejandra García, Giovanna Maldonado, Greco Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause most cases of cervical cancer, a disease with an increasing impact worldwide. Recent studies have shown that the synthesis of viral oncoproteins is strongly subject to translational control. Thus, targeting the protein synthesis machinery might open novel avenues to develop innovative therapies aiming to improve patients' survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.12.006
Maria Concetta Sergio, Simona Ricciardi, Andrea M Guarino, Laura Giaquinto, Maria Antonietta De Matteis
The molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 host cell invasion and life cycle have been studied extensively in recent years, with a primary focus on viral entry and internalization with the aim of identifying antiviral therapies. By contrast, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the later steps of the coronavirus life cycle is relatively limited. In this review, we describe what is known about the host factors and viral proteins involved in the replication, assembly, and egress phases of SARS-CoV-2, which induce significant host membrane rearrangements. We also discuss the limits of the current approaches and the knowledge gaps still to be addressed.
{"title":"Membrane remodeling and trafficking piloted by SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Maria Concetta Sergio, Simona Ricciardi, Andrea M Guarino, Laura Giaquinto, Maria Antonietta De Matteis","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcb.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 host cell invasion and life cycle have been studied extensively in recent years, with a primary focus on viral entry and internalization with the aim of identifying antiviral therapies. By contrast, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the later steps of the coronavirus life cycle is relatively limited. In this review, we describe what is known about the host factors and viral proteins involved in the replication, assembly, and egress phases of SARS-CoV-2, which induce significant host membrane rearrangements. We also discuss the limits of the current approaches and the knowledge gaps still to be addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139543608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.02.002
Haissi Cui, Qingyu Shi, Colette Maya Macarios, Paul Schimmel
Alternative mRNA splicing enables the diversification of the proteome from a static genome and confers plasticity and adaptiveness on cells. Although this is often explored in development, where hard-wired programs drive the differentiation and specialization, alternative mRNA splicing also offers a way for cells to react to sudden changes in outside stimuli such as small-molecule metabolites. Fluctuations in metabolite levels and availability in particular convey crucial information to which cells react and adapt. We summarize and highlight findings surrounding the metabolic regulation of mRNA splicing. We discuss the principles underlying the biochemistry and biophysical properties of mRNA splicing, and propose how these could intersect with metabolite levels. Further, we present examples in which metabolites directly influence RNA-binding proteins and splicing factors. We also discuss the interplay between alternative mRNA splicing and metabolite-responsive signaling pathways. We hope to inspire future research to obtain a holistic picture of alternative mRNA splicing in response to metabolic cues.
{"title":"Metabolic regulation of mRNA splicing.","authors":"Haissi Cui, Qingyu Shi, Colette Maya Macarios, Paul Schimmel","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alternative mRNA splicing enables the diversification of the proteome from a static genome and confers plasticity and adaptiveness on cells. Although this is often explored in development, where hard-wired programs drive the differentiation and specialization, alternative mRNA splicing also offers a way for cells to react to sudden changes in outside stimuli such as small-molecule metabolites. Fluctuations in metabolite levels and availability in particular convey crucial information to which cells react and adapt. We summarize and highlight findings surrounding the metabolic regulation of mRNA splicing. We discuss the principles underlying the biochemistry and biophysical properties of mRNA splicing, and propose how these could intersect with metabolite levels. Further, we present examples in which metabolites directly influence RNA-binding proteins and splicing factors. We also discuss the interplay between alternative mRNA splicing and metabolite-responsive signaling pathways. We hope to inspire future research to obtain a holistic picture of alternative mRNA splicing in response to metabolic cues.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.07.006
Jun Wei Pek
Animal oocytes face extreme challenges. They remain dormant in the body for long periods of time. To support offspring development and health, they need to store genetic material and maternal factors stably and at the same time manage cellular damage in a reliable manner. Recent studies have provided new insights on how oocytes cope with such challenges. This review discusses the many unusual or idiosyncratic nature of oocytes and how understanding oocyte biology can help us address issues of reproduction and intergenerational inheritance.
{"title":"The idiosyncrasies of oocytes.","authors":"Jun Wei Pek","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal oocytes face extreme challenges. They remain dormant in the body for long periods of time. To support offspring development and health, they need to store genetic material and maternal factors stably and at the same time manage cellular damage in a reliable manner. Recent studies have provided new insights on how oocytes cope with such challenges. This review discusses the many unusual or idiosyncratic nature of oocytes and how understanding oocyte biology can help us address issues of reproduction and intergenerational inheritance.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1016/s0962-8924(24)00151-x
No Abstract
无摘要
{"title":"Subscription and Copyright Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0962-8924(24)00151-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0962-8924(24)00151-x","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141936753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1016/s0962-8924(24)00148-x
No Abstract
无摘要
{"title":"Advisory Board and Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0962-8924(24)00148-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0962-8924(24)00148-x","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141936754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.10.003
Yifei Wang, Marine Barthez, Danica Chen
Stem cells persist throughout the lifespan to repair and regenerate tissues due to their unique ability to self-renew and differentiate. Here we reflect on the recent discoveries in stem cells that highlight a mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint at the restriction point of the stem cell cycle. Mitochondrial activation supports stem cell proliferation and differentiation by providing energy supply and metabolites as signaling molecules. Concomitant mitochondrial stress can lead to loss of stem cell self-renewal and requires the surveillance of various mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. During aging, a mitochondrial protective program mediated by several sirtuins becomes dysregulated and can be targeted to reverse stem cell aging and tissue degeneration, giving hope for targeting the mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint for treating tissue degenerative diseases.
{"title":"Mitochondrial regulation in stem cells.","authors":"Yifei Wang, Marine Barthez, Danica Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcb.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stem cells persist throughout the lifespan to repair and regenerate tissues due to their unique ability to self-renew and differentiate. Here we reflect on the recent discoveries in stem cells that highlight a mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint at the restriction point of the stem cell cycle. Mitochondrial activation supports stem cell proliferation and differentiation by providing energy supply and metabolites as signaling molecules. Concomitant mitochondrial stress can lead to loss of stem cell self-renewal and requires the surveillance of various mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. During aging, a mitochondrial protective program mediated by several sirtuins becomes dysregulated and can be targeted to reverse stem cell aging and tissue degeneration, giving hope for targeting the mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint for treating tissue degenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11193947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}