F. Borowski, S. Kaule, Jan Oldenburg, K. Schmitz, A. Öner, M. Stiehm
Abstract Due to excellent clinical results, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has evolved to a treatment option for patients with low surgical risk, resulting in an increasing demand for durable heart valve prostheses. Durability of TAVR could be limited by leaflet thrombosis. Thrombus formation in the aortic root is mainly affected by the hemodynamic situation, which is dependent on the positioning of the implant. We investigated the flow field in the aortic root after TAVR implantation by means of particle image velocimetry. To quantify the influence of the implant-position with respect to an alignment or misalignment of the leaflet commissures on the thrombogenic potential, we used a transport equation for residence time (RT) to consider washout behavior. Furthermore, we introduced a shear effect criterion (SIE) to address platelet activation as a measure for a potential thrombus formation. Misaligned implantation of a TAVR resulted in a reversed direction of rotation of the occurring recirculation area. This led to fluid flow with comparable areas of increased relative blood RT (RTaligned: 97.6%, RTmisaligned: 88.0%) and a smaller area of low shear load for the misaligned TAVR (SIEaligned: 57.7%, SIEmisaligned: 3.70%) into the sinus region, indicating a higher potential for thrombus formation.
{"title":"Analysis of thrombosis risk of commissural misaligned transcatheter aortic valve prostheses using particle image velocimetry","authors":"F. Borowski, S. Kaule, Jan Oldenburg, K. Schmitz, A. Öner, M. Stiehm","doi":"10.1515/teme-2022-0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2022-0100","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to excellent clinical results, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has evolved to a treatment option for patients with low surgical risk, resulting in an increasing demand for durable heart valve prostheses. Durability of TAVR could be limited by leaflet thrombosis. Thrombus formation in the aortic root is mainly affected by the hemodynamic situation, which is dependent on the positioning of the implant. We investigated the flow field in the aortic root after TAVR implantation by means of particle image velocimetry. To quantify the influence of the implant-position with respect to an alignment or misalignment of the leaflet commissures on the thrombogenic potential, we used a transport equation for residence time (RT) to consider washout behavior. Furthermore, we introduced a shear effect criterion (SIE) to address platelet activation as a measure for a potential thrombus formation. Misaligned implantation of a TAVR resulted in a reversed direction of rotation of the occurring recirculation area. This led to fluid flow with comparable areas of increased relative blood RT (RTaligned: 97.6%, RTmisaligned: 88.0%) and a smaller area of low shear load for the misaligned TAVR (SIEaligned: 57.7%, SIEmisaligned: 3.70%) into the sinus region, indicating a higher potential for thrombus formation.","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75698998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Aufgrund der Erfahrung in vielen Begutachtungen und Seminaren zur Berechnung von Messunsicherheiten, fällt es z.T. selbst ISO/IEC 17025 akkreditierten Prüf- und Kalibrierlaboratorien schwer, angemessene Messunsicherheiten zu berechnen. Hier soll deshalb erstmalig ein neues, vereinfachtes Verfahren zur Berechnung von Messunsicherheiten für industrielle Prüfprozesse vorgestellt werden. Neu daran ist, dass es ausschließlich auf der Berücksichtigung der Messsystemspezifikation (Gerätespezifikationen) und der erweiterten Vergleichpräzision (Präzision mit erweiterten Vergleichbedingungen) basiert. Dadurch wird es in der industriellen Praxis wesentlich einfacher Messunsicherheiten für Prüfprozesseignungen zu ermitteln, da Gerätespezifikationen in vielen Fällen vorliegen und die Bestimmung der erweiterten Vergleichpräzision bereits zum Werkzeug vieler Anwender gehört. Das Verfahren ist nicht für Kalibrierverfahren und die damit verbundenen Rückführungen geeignet. Im Rahmen von Konformitätsaussagen der industriellen Prüfprozesse kann es verwendet werden.
{"title":"Vereinfachtes Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Messunsicherheiten zur Bestimmung der Messprozesseignung industrieller Prüfprozesse","authors":"Ernst Wiedenmann, T. Schlüter","doi":"10.1515/teme-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Aufgrund der Erfahrung in vielen Begutachtungen und Seminaren zur Berechnung von Messunsicherheiten, fällt es z.T. selbst ISO/IEC 17025 akkreditierten Prüf- und Kalibrierlaboratorien schwer, angemessene Messunsicherheiten zu berechnen. Hier soll deshalb erstmalig ein neues, vereinfachtes Verfahren zur Berechnung von Messunsicherheiten für industrielle Prüfprozesse vorgestellt werden. Neu daran ist, dass es ausschließlich auf der Berücksichtigung der Messsystemspezifikation (Gerätespezifikationen) und der erweiterten Vergleichpräzision (Präzision mit erweiterten Vergleichbedingungen) basiert. Dadurch wird es in der industriellen Praxis wesentlich einfacher Messunsicherheiten für Prüfprozesseignungen zu ermitteln, da Gerätespezifikationen in vielen Fällen vorliegen und die Bestimmung der erweiterten Vergleichpräzision bereits zum Werkzeug vieler Anwender gehört. Das Verfahren ist nicht für Kalibrierverfahren und die damit verbundenen Rückführungen geeignet. Im Rahmen von Konformitätsaussagen der industriellen Prüfprozesse kann es verwendet werden.","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73095926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hang-Young Kim, A. Frommknecht, Bernd Bieberstein, J. Stahl, Marco F. Huber
Abstract End-of-line (EOL) quality assurance of finished components has so far required additional manual inspections and burdened manufacturers with high labor costs. To automate the EOL process, in this paper a fully AI-based quality classification system is introduced. The components are automatically placed under the optical inspection system employing a robot. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used for the quality classification of the recorded images. After quality control, the component is sorted automatically in different bins depending on the quality control result. The trained CNN models achieve up to 98.7% accuracy on the test data. The classification performance of the CNN is compared with that of a rule-based approach. Additionally, the trained classification model is interpreted by an explainable AI method to make it comprehensible for humans and reassure them about its trustworthiness. This work originated from an actual industrial use case from Witzenmann GmbH. Together with the company, a demonstrator was realized.
{"title":"Automated end-of-line quality assurance with visual inspection and convolutional neural networks","authors":"Hang-Young Kim, A. Frommknecht, Bernd Bieberstein, J. Stahl, Marco F. Huber","doi":"10.1515/teme-2022-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2022-0092","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract End-of-line (EOL) quality assurance of finished components has so far required additional manual inspections and burdened manufacturers with high labor costs. To automate the EOL process, in this paper a fully AI-based quality classification system is introduced. The components are automatically placed under the optical inspection system employing a robot. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used for the quality classification of the recorded images. After quality control, the component is sorted automatically in different bins depending on the quality control result. The trained CNN models achieve up to 98.7% accuracy on the test data. The classification performance of the CNN is compared with that of a rule-based approach. Additionally, the trained classification model is interpreted by an explainable AI method to make it comprehensible for humans and reassure them about its trustworthiness. This work originated from an actual industrial use case from Witzenmann GmbH. Together with the company, a demonstrator was realized.","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83166025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mathias Anneken, M. Veerappa, Marco F. Huber, C. Kühnert, Felix Kronenwett, Georg Maier
Abstract Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) can make machine learning based systems more transparent. This additional transparency can enable the use of machine learning in many different domains. In our work, we show how XAI methods can be applied to an autoencoder for anomaly detection in a sensor-based sorting system. The setup of the sorting system consists of a vibrating feeder, a conveyor belt, a line-scan camera and an array of fast-switching pneumatic valves. It allows the separation of a material stream into two fractions, realizing a binary sorting task. The autoencoder tries to mimic the normal behavior of the nozzle array and thus can detect abnormal behavior. The XAI methods are used to explain the output of the autoencoder. As XAI methods global and local approaches are used, which means we receive explanations for both a single result and the whole autoencoder. Initial results for both approaches are shown, together with possible interpretations of these results.
{"title":"Explainable AI for sensor-based sorting systems","authors":"Mathias Anneken, M. Veerappa, Marco F. Huber, C. Kühnert, Felix Kronenwett, Georg Maier","doi":"10.1515/teme-2022-0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2022-0097","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) can make machine learning based systems more transparent. This additional transparency can enable the use of machine learning in many different domains. In our work, we show how XAI methods can be applied to an autoencoder for anomaly detection in a sensor-based sorting system. The setup of the sorting system consists of a vibrating feeder, a conveyor belt, a line-scan camera and an array of fast-switching pneumatic valves. It allows the separation of a material stream into two fractions, realizing a binary sorting task. The autoencoder tries to mimic the normal behavior of the nozzle array and thus can detect abnormal behavior. The XAI methods are used to explain the output of the autoencoder. As XAI methods global and local approaches are used, which means we receive explanations for both a single result and the whole autoencoder. Initial results for both approaches are shown, together with possible interpretations of these results.","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90889999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stefan Scheunemann, C. Pientschke, U. Zabarylo, Kay Raum
Zusammenfassung Die Züchtung und Gestaltung biologischen Gewebes im Labor (Tissue Engineering) verspricht breite medizinische Anwendung. Die notwendige Strukturierung der künstlichen Gewebe kann mittels stehender Ultraschallwellen durch Levitation erfolgen. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methode zur elektrischen Detektion der Levitation und Experimente zu ihrer Verifizierung vorgestellt. Die Ultraschallwellen werden mit piezoelektrischen Wandlern erzeugt. Die Kontrolle der Levitation beruht auf der Auswertung der Sendespannung. Optische Aufnahmen levitierter Kunststoffpartikel erlaubten die frequenzabhängige Ermittlung der Levitationsebenenabstände und eine Korrelation zu den Sendespannungen. Es zeigte sich, dass die Levitationsbedingung über einen relativ breiten Frequenzbereich erfüllt ist. Durch Berücksichtigung der frequenzabhängigen Sendeleistung kann mittels einer normierten Kurve ein gleichmäßiger Schalldruck über den gesamten für die Levitation relevanten Frequenzbereich eingestellt werden. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse fließen in die Entwicklung eines Gerätes ein, mit dem parallel mehrere Proben für das Tissue Engineering per Levitation gezielt strukturiert werden können. Die Proben werden dabei nutzerfreundlich in Silikon- oder Teflon-Kammern prozessiert, indem ein Ultraschallsender und eine Reflektorplatte verwendet werden. Damit können Versuchsreihen zum Tissue-Engineering effizienter als bisher durchgeführt werden.
{"title":"Elektrische Levitationsdetektion für die Verwendung im Tissue Engineering","authors":"Stefan Scheunemann, C. Pientschke, U. Zabarylo, Kay Raum","doi":"10.1515/teme-2022-0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2022-0099","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Die Züchtung und Gestaltung biologischen Gewebes im Labor (Tissue Engineering) verspricht breite medizinische Anwendung. Die notwendige Strukturierung der künstlichen Gewebe kann mittels stehender Ultraschallwellen durch Levitation erfolgen. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methode zur elektrischen Detektion der Levitation und Experimente zu ihrer Verifizierung vorgestellt. Die Ultraschallwellen werden mit piezoelektrischen Wandlern erzeugt. Die Kontrolle der Levitation beruht auf der Auswertung der Sendespannung. Optische Aufnahmen levitierter Kunststoffpartikel erlaubten die frequenzabhängige Ermittlung der Levitationsebenenabstände und eine Korrelation zu den Sendespannungen. Es zeigte sich, dass die Levitationsbedingung über einen relativ breiten Frequenzbereich erfüllt ist. Durch Berücksichtigung der frequenzabhängigen Sendeleistung kann mittels einer normierten Kurve ein gleichmäßiger Schalldruck über den gesamten für die Levitation relevanten Frequenzbereich eingestellt werden. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse fließen in die Entwicklung eines Gerätes ein, mit dem parallel mehrere Proben für das Tissue Engineering per Levitation gezielt strukturiert werden können. Die Proben werden dabei nutzerfreundlich in Silikon- oder Teflon-Kammern prozessiert, indem ein Ultraschallsender und eine Reflektorplatte verwendet werden. Damit können Versuchsreihen zum Tissue-Engineering effizienter als bisher durchgeführt werden.","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81853083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement systems and sensors with cognitive features II","authors":"K. Sommer, M. Heizmann, A. Schütze","doi":"10.1515/teme-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81212994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sharifi Ghazijahani, C. Kästner, V. Valori, A. Thieme, K. Täschner, J. Schumacher, C. Cierpka
Abstract The working conditions of the Scaled Convective Airflow Laboratory Experiment (SCALEX) at Technische Universität Ilmenau and sample experiments are reported. The SCALEX facility is a pressure vessel which allows for downscaling of laboratory experiments up to a factor of 20 by compression of gaseous working fluids, air or sulfur hexafluoride, to change the material properties of the fluid. The requirements and conditions for downscaling of fluid dynamical problems are discussed in detail. Long-term high and low pressure tests are conducted to screen the stability of the experimental environment inside the vessel against pressure and temperature fluctuations. Finally, a Rayleigh–Bénard convection experiment at an aspect ratio 10 is performed inside the SCALEX facility as a proof of concept. The reference experiment was conducted under 4.5 bar pressure for Ra = 1.9 × 105. However, the Rayleigh number could be varied in a wide range of Ra = 104 … 108. The flow investigation was pursued with stereoscopic particle image velocimetry in horizontal mid-plane through the convection cell. To improve the image quality the cameras were placed inside the pressure cell and tested up to 6 bar. Thus the feasibility of optical flow measurements at elevated pressures is shown.
{"title":"The SCALEX facility – an apparatus for scaled fluid dynamical experiments","authors":"M. Sharifi Ghazijahani, C. Kästner, V. Valori, A. Thieme, K. Täschner, J. Schumacher, C. Cierpka","doi":"10.1515/teme-2022-0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2022-0121","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The working conditions of the Scaled Convective Airflow Laboratory Experiment (SCALEX) at Technische Universität Ilmenau and sample experiments are reported. The SCALEX facility is a pressure vessel which allows for downscaling of laboratory experiments up to a factor of 20 by compression of gaseous working fluids, air or sulfur hexafluoride, to change the material properties of the fluid. The requirements and conditions for downscaling of fluid dynamical problems are discussed in detail. Long-term high and low pressure tests are conducted to screen the stability of the experimental environment inside the vessel against pressure and temperature fluctuations. Finally, a Rayleigh–Bénard convection experiment at an aspect ratio 10 is performed inside the SCALEX facility as a proof of concept. The reference experiment was conducted under 4.5 bar pressure for Ra = 1.9 × 105. However, the Rayleigh number could be varied in a wide range of Ra = 104 … 108. The flow investigation was pursued with stereoscopic particle image velocimetry in horizontal mid-plane through the convection cell. To improve the image quality the cameras were placed inside the pressure cell and tested up to 6 bar. Thus the feasibility of optical flow measurements at elevated pressures is shown.","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75886414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Max Sieger, Rahul Mitra, Ivan Glavinic, Matthias Ratajczak, S. Sonntag, Thomas Gundrum, F. Stefani, Thomas Wondrak, S. Eckert
Kurzfassung Mit der kontaktlosen induktiven Strömungstomografie (CIFT) lassen sich Geschwindigkeitsfelder in elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeiten global bestimmen. Kenntnisse über den Strömungszustand in Metallschmelzen sind für industrielle Prozesse, wie das Stranggießen von Stahl, von immenser Bedeutung und können auch in der Grundlagenforschung nutzbringend angewendet werden, z.B. zur Analyse von konvektiven Flüssigmetallströmungen als Modellsysteme des Wärmetransportes. Das Verfahren beruht auf der präzisen Messung kleinster Magnetfeldänderungen durch geeignete Sonden und der nachfolgenden Rekonstruktion der Strömungsstruktur durch die Lösung eines linearen inversen Problems. In dieser Veröffentlichung geben wir einen Überblick über die Entwicklungen der letzten Dekade und diskutierten je einen Anwendungsfall für CIFT aus der grundlegenden und der angewandten Fluiddynamik.
{"title":"Kontaktlose induktive Strömungstomografie in grundlegender und angewandter Fluiddynamik","authors":"Max Sieger, Rahul Mitra, Ivan Glavinic, Matthias Ratajczak, S. Sonntag, Thomas Gundrum, F. Stefani, Thomas Wondrak, S. Eckert","doi":"10.1515/teme-2022-0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2022-0103","url":null,"abstract":"Kurzfassung Mit der kontaktlosen induktiven Strömungstomografie (CIFT) lassen sich Geschwindigkeitsfelder in elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeiten global bestimmen. Kenntnisse über den Strömungszustand in Metallschmelzen sind für industrielle Prozesse, wie das Stranggießen von Stahl, von immenser Bedeutung und können auch in der Grundlagenforschung nutzbringend angewendet werden, z.B. zur Analyse von konvektiven Flüssigmetallströmungen als Modellsysteme des Wärmetransportes. Das Verfahren beruht auf der präzisen Messung kleinster Magnetfeldänderungen durch geeignete Sonden und der nachfolgenden Rekonstruktion der Strömungsstruktur durch die Lösung eines linearen inversen Problems. In dieser Veröffentlichung geben wir einen Überblick über die Entwicklungen der letzten Dekade und diskutierten je einen Anwendungsfall für CIFT aus der grundlegenden und der angewandten Fluiddynamik.","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77410291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Artificially intelligent automation has not only impact on sensor technologies, but also on comprehensive multiple sensor systems for assisting situational awareness and decision-making. This is particularly true for integrated Manned-unManned-Teaming (MuM-T), for example. From a systems engineering perspective which does not exclude applications in the defence domain, three tasks need to be fulfilled: (1) Design artificially intelligent automation in a way that human beings are mentally and emotionally able to master each situation. (2) Identify technical design principles to facilitate the responsible use of AI in ethically critical applications. (3) Guarantee that human decision makers always have full superiority of information, decision-making, and options of action. Our discussion of AI-driven systems for multiple sensor data fusion results in recommendations and key results. We are addressing the algorithms needed, the data to be processed, the programming skills required, the computing devices to be used, the inevitable anthropocentric design, the reviewing of R & D efforts necessary, and the integration of different dimensions in a systems-of-systems point of view.
{"title":"Perspectives on AI-driven systems for multiple sensor data fusion","authors":"W. Koch","doi":"10.1515/teme-2022-0094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2022-0094","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Artificially intelligent automation has not only impact on sensor technologies, but also on comprehensive multiple sensor systems for assisting situational awareness and decision-making. This is particularly true for integrated Manned-unManned-Teaming (MuM-T), for example. From a systems engineering perspective which does not exclude applications in the defence domain, three tasks need to be fulfilled: (1) Design artificially intelligent automation in a way that human beings are mentally and emotionally able to master each situation. (2) Identify technical design principles to facilitate the responsible use of AI in ethically critical applications. (3) Guarantee that human decision makers always have full superiority of information, decision-making, and options of action. Our discussion of AI-driven systems for multiple sensor data fusion results in recommendations and key results. We are addressing the algorithms needed, the data to be processed, the programming skills required, the computing devices to be used, the inevitable anthropocentric design, the reviewing of R & D efforts necessary, and the integration of different dimensions in a systems-of-systems point of view.","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75126277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract For sustainable handling of wood and high material utilization, post-consumer wood has to be sorted by post-consumer wood categories in Germany. The non-destructive FD-FLIM method could improve the wood recycling process by automatic classification of waste wood into post-consumer wood classes. Thus, the phase-dependent fluorescence decay time of treated wood is analysed in this study to obtain the impact of the treatment on the fluorescence decay time. It is shown that treated and untreated wood can be differentiated using the fluorescence decay time, although the state-of-the-art theoretical fluorescence decay time differs from the experimentally determined fluorescence decay time.
{"title":"Analysis of the phase-dependent fluorescence decay time of treated wood using FD-FLIM","authors":"N. Leiter, M. Wohlschläger, M. Versen","doi":"10.1515/teme-2022-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2022-0114","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For sustainable handling of wood and high material utilization, post-consumer wood has to be sorted by post-consumer wood categories in Germany. The non-destructive FD-FLIM method could improve the wood recycling process by automatic classification of waste wood into post-consumer wood classes. Thus, the phase-dependent fluorescence decay time of treated wood is analysed in this study to obtain the impact of the treatment on the fluorescence decay time. It is shown that treated and untreated wood can be differentiated using the fluorescence decay time, although the state-of-the-art theoretical fluorescence decay time differs from the experimentally determined fluorescence decay time.","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84947143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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