Lars Dähne, Mateusz Olszyna, Götz Dähne, Aline Debrassi
Zusammenfassung Es wird ein neues Instrument für labelfreie Messungen auf der Basis von optischen Low Q-Whispering Gallery Modes vorgestellt, bei der mit miniaturisierten Sensorbeads verschiedene Anwendungsfelder adressiert werden. Als Sensoren dienen fluoreszente sphärische Beads mit Durchmessern von 7–12 Mikrometern, die unabhängig vom Meßgerät in kleinsten Räumen eingesetzt werden können und mit Analytmengen im Femtogrammbereich auskommen. Die sphärischen Beads mit einer sehr glatten Oberfläche und hohem Brechungsindex dienen als Resonatoren für zirkulare Lichtwellen. Für die Messung wird der Fluoreszenzfarbstoff in den Sensoren mit einem Laser angeregt. Ein Teil der Fluoreszenz wird an der Partikeloberfläche total ins Partikel zurück reflektiert, so dass sich zirkulierende Wellen bilden, die bis zu 10,000 Mal umlaufen. Ihre Resonanzfrequenz hängt empfindlich vom Partikeldurchmesser und der Brechungsindexdifferenz zwischen Partikel und Medium ab. Bei Adsorbtion von Molekülen verschiebt sich die Resonanzfrequenz, da sich beide Parameter ändern. Für die Messung dieser Verschiebung wurde ein kompaktes Gerät mit Anregungslaser, hochauflösendem Spektrometer, CCD-Zeile, XYZ -Stage, Mikroskop, Kamera, Gerätesteuerung und Auswertesoftware entwickelt. Es werden einige Anwendungsbeispiele in der Biosensorik, der Layer-by-Layer Beschichtung, der Wirkstofffreisetzung und der Lösungsmittelsensorik präsentiert, die das breite Potential und Vorteile gegenüber auf dem Markt befindlicher, alternativer Meßmethoden demonstrieren.
{"title":"Miniaturisation of label free surface analytics by Whispering Gallery Modes","authors":"Lars Dähne, Mateusz Olszyna, Götz Dähne, Aline Debrassi","doi":"10.1515/teme-2023-0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2023-0095","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Es wird ein neues Instrument für labelfreie Messungen auf der Basis von optischen Low Q-Whispering Gallery Modes vorgestellt, bei der mit miniaturisierten Sensorbeads verschiedene Anwendungsfelder adressiert werden. Als Sensoren dienen fluoreszente sphärische Beads mit Durchmessern von 7–12 Mikrometern, die unabhängig vom Meßgerät in kleinsten Räumen eingesetzt werden können und mit Analytmengen im Femtogrammbereich auskommen. Die sphärischen Beads mit einer sehr glatten Oberfläche und hohem Brechungsindex dienen als Resonatoren für zirkulare Lichtwellen. Für die Messung wird der Fluoreszenzfarbstoff in den Sensoren mit einem Laser angeregt. Ein Teil der Fluoreszenz wird an der Partikeloberfläche total ins Partikel zurück reflektiert, so dass sich zirkulierende Wellen bilden, die bis zu 10,000 Mal umlaufen. Ihre Resonanzfrequenz hängt empfindlich vom Partikeldurchmesser und der Brechungsindexdifferenz zwischen Partikel und Medium ab. Bei Adsorbtion von Molekülen verschiebt sich die Resonanzfrequenz, da sich beide Parameter ändern. Für die Messung dieser Verschiebung wurde ein kompaktes Gerät mit Anregungslaser, hochauflösendem Spektrometer, CCD-Zeile, XYZ -Stage, Mikroskop, Kamera, Gerätesteuerung und Auswertesoftware entwickelt. Es werden einige Anwendungsbeispiele in der Biosensorik, der Layer-by-Layer Beschichtung, der Wirkstofffreisetzung und der Lösungsmittelsensorik präsentiert, die das breite Potential und Vorteile gegenüber auf dem Markt befindlicher, alternativer Meßmethoden demonstrieren.","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134993515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The number of samples required to estimate the amplitude of a digitized sinewave depends on the amount of additive noise present, more specifically, on the precision of the estimator used which is depends directly on the additive noise standard deviation. Here an analytical approximate expression for this precision is derived and then used to derive an analytical expression useful in computing the minimum of number of samples that should be acquired to guarantee a given bound on the prevision of the sinewave amplitude estimates.
{"title":"Number of samples to use in estimating sinewave amplitude in the presence of noise","authors":"Francisco André Corrêa Alegria","doi":"10.1515/teme-2023-0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2023-0118","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The number of samples required to estimate the amplitude of a digitized sinewave depends on the amount of additive noise present, more specifically, on the precision of the estimator used which is depends directly on the additive noise standard deviation. Here an analytical approximate expression for this precision is derived and then used to derive an analytical expression useful in computing the minimum of number of samples that should be acquired to guarantee a given bound on the prevision of the sinewave amplitude estimates.","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sascha Eichstädt, Maximilian Gruber, Anupam Prasad Vedurmudi
Abstract The development and integration of metrological processes to address complex, large-scale systems of interconnected measuring instruments, i.e., sensor networks, has been a topic of increasing importance in the last decade. Initial developments in sensor network metrology include, e.g., metrological treatment of sensors with digital-only output, measurement uncertainty evaluation for time series data, and the digital representation of metrological information of such sensors. In principle, modern digital technologies allow for a fully automated operation of even rather complex sensor networks. However, the integration of metrological principles to provide confidence in the measurement results in such networks is still at its beginning. In this contribution we consider a recently published structured approach to assess digital maturity based on the level of machine-readability and machine-actionability. We apply this approach to sensor networks, define the different levels of digital maturity, and discuss potential steps for further evolving the integration of metrological principles for the Internet of Things (IoT).
{"title":"Integrating metrological principles into the Internet of Things: a digital maturity model for sensor network metrology","authors":"Sascha Eichstädt, Maximilian Gruber, Anupam Prasad Vedurmudi","doi":"10.1515/teme-2023-0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2023-0103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The development and integration of metrological processes to address complex, large-scale systems of interconnected measuring instruments, i.e., sensor networks, has been a topic of increasing importance in the last decade. Initial developments in sensor network metrology include, e.g., metrological treatment of sensors with digital-only output, measurement uncertainty evaluation for time series data, and the digital representation of metrological information of such sensors. In principle, modern digital technologies allow for a fully automated operation of even rather complex sensor networks. However, the integration of metrological principles to provide confidence in the measurement results in such networks is still at its beginning. In this contribution we consider a recently published structured approach to assess digital maturity based on the level of machine-readability and machine-actionability. We apply this approach to sensor networks, define the different levels of digital maturity, and discuss potential steps for further evolving the integration of metrological principles for the Internet of Things (IoT).","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136078269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick Wagner, Soroush Bakhshi Sichani, Mehran Khorshid, Peter Lieberzeit, Patricia Losada-Pérez, Derick Yongabi
Abstract This review provides an overview on bio- and chemosensors based on a thermal transducer platform that monitors the thermal interface resistance R th between a solid chip and the supernatant liquid. The R th parameter responds in a surprisingly strong way to molecular-scale changes at the solid–liquid interface, which can be measured thermometrically, using for instance thermocouples in combination with a controllable heat source. In 2012, the effect was first observed during on-chip denaturation experiments on complementary and mismatched DNA duplexes that differ in their melting temperature. Since then, the concept is addressed as heat-transfer method , in short HTM , and numerous applications of the basic sensing principle were identified. Functionalizing the chip with bioreceptors such as molecularly imprinted polymers makes it possible to detect neurotransmitters, inflammation markers, viruses, and environmental pollutants. In combination with aptamer-type receptors, it is also possible to detect proteins at low concentrations. Changing the receptors to surface-imprinted polymers has opened up new possibilities for quantitative bacterial detection and identification in complex matrices. In receptor-free variants, HTM was successfully used to characterize lipid vesicles and eukaryotic cells (yeast strains, cancer cell lines), the latter showing spontaneous detachment under influence of the temperature gradient inherent to HTM. We will also address modifications to the original HTM technique such as M-HTM, inverted HTM, thermal wave transport analysis TWTA, and the hot-wire principle. The article concludes with an assessment of the possibilities and current limitations of the method, together with a technological forecast.
{"title":"Bioanalytical sensors using the heat-transfer method HTM and related techniques","authors":"Patrick Wagner, Soroush Bakhshi Sichani, Mehran Khorshid, Peter Lieberzeit, Patricia Losada-Pérez, Derick Yongabi","doi":"10.1515/teme-2023-0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2023-0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This review provides an overview on bio- and chemosensors based on a thermal transducer platform that monitors the thermal interface resistance R th between a solid chip and the supernatant liquid. The R th parameter responds in a surprisingly strong way to molecular-scale changes at the solid–liquid interface, which can be measured thermometrically, using for instance thermocouples in combination with a controllable heat source. In 2012, the effect was first observed during on-chip denaturation experiments on complementary and mismatched DNA duplexes that differ in their melting temperature. Since then, the concept is addressed as heat-transfer method , in short HTM , and numerous applications of the basic sensing principle were identified. Functionalizing the chip with bioreceptors such as molecularly imprinted polymers makes it possible to detect neurotransmitters, inflammation markers, viruses, and environmental pollutants. In combination with aptamer-type receptors, it is also possible to detect proteins at low concentrations. Changing the receptors to surface-imprinted polymers has opened up new possibilities for quantitative bacterial detection and identification in complex matrices. In receptor-free variants, HTM was successfully used to characterize lipid vesicles and eukaryotic cells (yeast strains, cancer cell lines), the latter showing spontaneous detachment under influence of the temperature gradient inherent to HTM. We will also address modifications to the original HTM technique such as M-HTM, inverted HTM, thermal wave transport analysis TWTA, and the hot-wire principle. The article concludes with an assessment of the possibilities and current limitations of the method, together with a technological forecast.","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135967910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline Schultealbert, Tobias Baur, Tilman Sauerwald, Andreas Schütze
Abstract This work studies poisoning by the cyclic siloxane octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane on a commercially available semiconductor gas sensor in TCO (temperature cycled operation). The data is evaluated using the Sauerwald-Baur model and the DSR method (differential surface reduction). The sensitivity towards several gases (volatile organic compounds, hydrogen and carbon monoxide) is evaluated and compared with a sensor in constant temperature operation mode. The physical and chemical processes on the sensitive layer as well as the resulting selectivity towards hydrogen are discussed. A feature is identified that can be derived from the Sauerwald-Baur model (the differential surface oxidation, DSO) and that quantitatively expresses the sensor condition regarding siloxane poisoning. With the help of this feature, a self-compensation of the sensor signal is demonstrated.
{"title":"Studying the effects of siloxane poisoning on a SnO<sub>2</sub> metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor in temperature cycled operation enabling self-monitoring and self-compensation","authors":"Caroline Schultealbert, Tobias Baur, Tilman Sauerwald, Andreas Schütze","doi":"10.1515/teme-2023-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2023-0065","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work studies poisoning by the cyclic siloxane octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane on a commercially available semiconductor gas sensor in TCO (temperature cycled operation). The data is evaluated using the Sauerwald-Baur model and the DSR method (differential surface reduction). The sensitivity towards several gases (volatile organic compounds, hydrogen and carbon monoxide) is evaluated and compared with a sensor in constant temperature operation mode. The physical and chemical processes on the sensitive layer as well as the resulting selectivity towards hydrogen are discussed. A feature is identified that can be derived from the Sauerwald-Baur model (the differential surface oxidation, DSO) and that quantitatively expresses the sensor condition regarding siloxane poisoning. With the help of this feature, a self-compensation of the sensor signal is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dennis Arendes, Johannes Amann, Cyril Tessier, Oliver Brieger, Andreas Schütze, Christian Bur
Abstract A gas mixing apparatus (GMA) can provide well-defined gas mixtures, which are necessary to calibrate gas sensors for quantitative measurements. This article presents a novel modular GMA and especially the representative measurements carried out to qualify and quantify its performance. New methods were developed to optimise the GMA’s settling speed and to enable self-monitoring. The GMA is able to provide up to 14 individual test gases, each in a large concentration range from sub-parts-per-billion to hundreds of parts-per-millions. Additionally, the relative humidity can be set. The system is able to provide stable gas mixtures in approximately 6 min. The entire control software is realised in Python, which determines the control setpoints of all relevant system components based on the concentration input of the user. A major focus was placed on minimising the time of a gas mixture exchange to confirm design and additional software optimisation. Also, a number of techniques are shown for the analytical quantification of the system, including analysis of thermal desorption tubes by an accredited laboratory, showing maximal contaminations of e.g. only 4.18 ppb ethanol. Finally, self-monitoring of the system using photoionization detectors (PID) is demonstrated as an addition to flow readback for internal leakage detection.
{"title":"Qualification and optimisation of a gas mixing apparatus for complex trace gas mixtures","authors":"Dennis Arendes, Johannes Amann, Cyril Tessier, Oliver Brieger, Andreas Schütze, Christian Bur","doi":"10.1515/teme-2023-0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2023-0075","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A gas mixing apparatus (GMA) can provide well-defined gas mixtures, which are necessary to calibrate gas sensors for quantitative measurements. This article presents a novel modular GMA and especially the representative measurements carried out to qualify and quantify its performance. New methods were developed to optimise the GMA’s settling speed and to enable self-monitoring. The GMA is able to provide up to 14 individual test gases, each in a large concentration range from sub-parts-per-billion to hundreds of parts-per-millions. Additionally, the relative humidity can be set. The system is able to provide stable gas mixtures in approximately 6 min. The entire control software is realised in Python, which determines the control setpoints of all relevant system components based on the concentration input of the user. A major focus was placed on minimising the time of a gas mixture exchange to confirm design and additional software optimisation. Also, a number of techniques are shown for the analytical quantification of the system, including analysis of thermal desorption tubes by an accredited laboratory, showing maximal contaminations of e.g. only 4.18 ppb ethanol. Finally, self-monitoring of the system using photoionization detectors (PID) is demonstrated as an addition to flow readback for internal leakage detection.","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"XXXVI. Messtechnisches Symposium des AHMT in Magdeburg","authors":"Ulrike Steinmann","doi":"10.1515/teme-2023-0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2023-0122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56086,"journal":{"name":"Tm-Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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