Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics最新文献

{"title":"Winter annuals not only escape but also withstand winter droughts: Results from a multi-trait, multi-species approach","authors":"Susanne Kurze ,&nbsp;Bettina M.J. Engelbrecht ,&nbsp;Mark C. Bilton ,&nbsp;Katja Tielbörger ,&nbsp;Leonor Álvarez-Cansino","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Winter annual plants are a dominant life form in drylands. They evade seasonal drought through their life history, but are also exposed to drought within their growing season. Across species, winter annuals differ in traits allowing them to reproduce before a drought occurs (drought escape) as well as in traits minimizing tissue dehydration (drought avoidance) and/or maintaining functioning under drought (drought tolerance). It is yet uncertain how these traits are coordinated and influence winter annuals’ performance responses to drought within the growing season and their distribution along rainfall gradients. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial to predict global change impacts in drylands. We measured 22 traits hypothesized to influence whole-plant performance responses to drought in 29 winter annuals common in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin. We examined trait syndromes and linked species’ strengths of these trait syndromes with their fecundity responses to an experimental within-season drought, their maximum growth rates (in 18 species), and their distribution along a rainfall gradient. Four trait syndromes emerged: Two were largely consistent with drought avoidance and tolerance, while the other two consisted of traits considered to confer drought escape. Both escape syndromes were differently associated with plant size and therefore referred to as small and tall escape syndrome. Species with a pronounced small escape syndrome showed, albeit weakly, higher fecundity losses under experimental drought. Both species with a pronounced avoidance or tall escape syndrome exhibited higher growth rates, but only annuals with pronounced avoidance traits tended to occur in moister conditions. Our findings highlight that winter annuals, despite their common life history, exhibit several trait syndromes conferring them similar ability to cope with drought in the growing season. Consequently, increasing within-season drought with global change may hardly affect community composition of winter annuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 125849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors that extend flowering phenology for pollinators in prairie restorations","authors":"Nathan Soley,&nbsp;Brian Wilsey","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tallgrass prairies contain plant species that flower sequentially throughout the growing season, and having a range of flowering phenologies is assumed to be important for pollinators. However, it is poorly known what factors cause extended flowering and how to best manage for it in restorations. Here, we test the hypotheses that extended flowering in restorations is caused by 1) seed mixes of high forb abundance relative to grasses, 2) greater abundance of forbs that flower especially early and late in the growing season, 3) greater richness of early and late-flowering forbs, and 4) mowing during the growing season. We tested hypotheses with two separate restoration experiments, the first in which seed mixes with different grass: forb ratios were compared at a site in Iowa, USA (grass: forb ratio experiment), and the second in which early and late-flowering forbs were added (or were not added) to restorations that were subsequently mowed or not mowed at three sites in Iowa and Minnesota, USA (forb addition experiment). In both experiments, community floral volume was estimated at least monthly throughout the growing season and flowering niche breadth was calculated as a measure of extended flowering phenology. In addition, in the grass: forb ratio experiment visitation by pollinators was recorded. Plots sown with intermediate grass: forb ratios had greater flowering niche breadth, flower production, and pollinator diversity, and the increased species richness of these seed mixtures best explained positive effects on flowering niche breadth. Adding a greater number of forb species in the forb addition experiment increased flowering niche breadth and flower production, especially when forbs were added as transplants to bypass the seedling recruitment stage. Mowing reduced flower production, but it increased flowering niche breadth, primarily in the forb additions with greatest species richness. Our results indicate that extending flowering phenology is possible in restorations when seed mixes with intermediate grass: forb ratios are used and a large number of early and late-flowering forb species are added as transplants. These factors also increase flower production, which was a significant predictor of the number and diversity of pollinators that visited flowers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 125848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ornamental perennials in flowerbeds shaded by tree canopy: Succession over five years since the establishment","authors":"Josef Kutlvašr ,&nbsp;Adam Baroš ,&nbsp;Pavlína Truhlárská ,&nbsp;Kateřina Berchová Bímová ,&nbsp;Martina Vojíková ,&nbsp;Martin Vojík ,&nbsp;Petr Pyšek ,&nbsp;Jan Pergl","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ornamental plantings are an integral part of modern landscapes transformed by humans. In the last decades, there has been a shift towards low-maintenance plantings with reduced energy input, associated with increasing use of easy-to-grow, profusely blooming taxa with broad ecological niches. However, such species can escape from cultivation, naturalize easily, become invasive, and cause environmental and socioeconomic problems. Our study focused on ornamental flowerbeds shaded by the canopy of trees; we studied the survival of the planted taxa in succession and patterns of dominance exchange over five years since planting and compared the results with those obtained previously for sunny ornamental flowerbeds. We recorded 155 taxa (53%) surviving from the initially planted species pool and 118 newly arrived colonizers. The surviving taxa increased or maintained the same abundance as they had at the beginning of succession. Generative reproduction was the main factor contributing to successful survival, followed by specific leaf area (SLA). We observed an increase in diversity, measured as the Shannon-Wiener index, in two of 11 flowerbeds but found no relationship between diversity and stability, calculated as a distance of initial and recent stage in ordination space. The same traits, namely tall stature and high fecundity were important in shaded and sunny assemblages, which were key factors for survival and performance in both environments. The presented results are not only important from the biological invasions point of view but can also help gardeners promote the long-term stability of flowerbeds and save resources necessary for future maintenance of flowerbeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 125847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143212681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tillandsia landbeckii secures high phenotypic variation despite clonal propagation at the dry limits of plant life in the Atacama Desert","authors":"Sarina Jabbusch,&nbsp;Marcus A. Koch","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperarid desert systems are among the most extreme and life-limiting biotas on Earth and lack almost any rainfall such as the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. In this study, we explored <em>Tillandsia landbeckii</em> loma vegetation consisting of only one single plant species that often covers square kilometers and is dependent on regular fog events as the most important water supply. We assessed growth and fitness parameters in the field and in cultivation; individual plants from nine permanent field study plots were collected and studied for phenotypic variation and plasticity under greenhouse conditions focusing on temperature and humidity. Individuals studied in the field and in cultivation have been genotyped using ddRAD analyses. The growth-related phenotypic variation shows very fine-scale adaptations to environmental gradients reflecting fog availability, and phenotypic variation is shown to be large. Genetic data indicate that <em>Tillandsia landbeckii</em> propagates mostly clonally, and various clones exhibit increased phenotypic variation and also prevail in the population. Our results suggest that while sexual reproduction is limited the long-lived <em>Tillandsia landbeckii</em> plant secures genotypes with high phenotypic variation via clonal propagation. As a consequence, a mosaic of such clonally reproducing vegetation units is securing not only genetic and phenotypic variation but also the integrity of the entire vegetation system thereby buffering environmental stress at the limits of vascular plant life. On longer time scales spanning hundreds to thousands of years, genetic variation is increased by rare and occasional gene flow, but the success of contemporary vegetation dynamics relies also on clonally reproduced ramets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 125846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal variability in native plant composition clouds impact of increasing non-native richness along elevational gradients in Tenerife","authors":"Meike Buhaly ,&nbsp;Amanda Ratier Backes ,&nbsp;José Ramón Arévalo ,&nbsp;Sylvia Haider","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Introductions of non-native plant species and their rates of expansion into novel environments are rapidly climbing, and their impact on recipient community composition is currently not well documented. Under the influence of rapidly intensifying human activity, pathways such as roads support such range expansions, especially in vulnerable mountain regions. Using species composition and abundance data collected in disturbed and natural habitats along three mountain roads covering almost 2500 m in elevation, we investigate how non-native plant species impact temporal change in community composition and spatial community dissimilarity on the island of Tenerife over 14 years. We found that, within communities, the number of both native and non-native species increased over time in disturbed habitats, while non-native species richness decreased in natural habitats. While species composition of communities changed over time, this change was not greater with or without non-native species, though any signal of non-native species’ influence was likely lost due to the surprisingly high variability in the native community. In disturbed roadside habitats, turnover of species over time played a larger role in temporal change in community composition than changes in species’ abundances. Despite increases in richness and occurrences along the elevation gradient, non-native species did not spatially homogenize communities. Although impacts of non-native species on temporal changes in community dissimilarity were presently not found, increases in the number of non-native species and their occurrences illustrate the need for long-term monitoring of altitudinal spread in mountain plant communities, especially in anthropogenically disturbed habitats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 125845"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gondwanan origin and foremost Miocene diversification explain the paleotropical intercontinental disjunction (PID) in the winged seed clade of Malvaceae","authors":"Samiksha Shukla ,&nbsp;Kajal Chandra ,&nbsp;Anumeha Shukla","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the biogeographic and diversification processes that explain current patterns of diversity in cosmopolitan groups is complex. We aimed to understand the historical biogeography by estimating the ancestral area of origin and diversification of tropical to subtropical plant genus <em>Eriolaena</em> DC. of the subfamily Dombeyoideae (family Malvaceae). To trace the evolutionary trajectory of this clade, fossil leaves exhibiting similarities to the modern genus <em>Eriolaena</em> are described here as <em>E. paleowallichii</em> from the early Paleogene succession of Rajasthan (India). This marks the first fossil record of <em>Eriolaena</em>, commonly known as the Winged Seed Clade (WSC), making this discovery crucial for understanding the evolutionary history of the clade. The Winged Seed Clade (WSC) of the subfamily Dombeyoideae initially included three genera: <em>Eriolaena</em>, <em>Helmiopsis</em>, and <em>Helmiopsiella</em>. However, subsequent taxonomic revisions, based on morphological and molecular studies, led to their consolidation under the genus <em>Eriolaena</em>. This winged clade shows a palaeotropical intercontinental disjunction (PID), mainly located in Southeast Asia, India, and Madagascar with only a single species in Africa. We assembled a dense sampling of the WSC throughout the current geographical distribution to reconstruct the historical biogeography of this clade. A detailed phylogenetic study indicates that the WSC diverged from its sister clade <em>Andringitra</em> in the lower Cretaceous (∼88 Mya, credibility intervals 72.39–105.35), the initial diversification of the WSC occurred around 74.15 Mya (credibility intervals 60.82–88.62 Mya) and broadly this clade was globally diversified in the Miocene. The DEC+J model indicated that (1) WSC likely originated in Madagascar around 79 Mya (2) jump-distance dispersal events were inferred between Madagascar to India and Madagascar to Africa, (3) ‘Out of India dispersals’ occurred mainly in the Miocene, allowing this clade to colonize in Southeast Asia. Biogeography and divergence dating indicate that the Miocene was an important epoch when this clade diversified globally. Our findings suggest that an ancient origin connected with a dispersal history enabled by terrestrial land bridges and long-distance dispersals is likely to explain the winged seed clade's palaeotropical intercontinental disjunction (PID).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 125842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Lophanthus and its allies (Lamiaceae)","authors":"Hamid Moazzeni ,&nbsp;Atefeh Pirani ,&nbsp;Farshid Memariani ,&nbsp;Saeide Hosseini ,&nbsp;Mohammad Bagher Erfanian ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Amiri ,&nbsp;Ernst Vitek ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Joharchi ,&nbsp;Klaus Mummenhoff ,&nbsp;Martin A. Lysak","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As one of the taxonomically complicated groups of the subfamily Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae), the <em>Hymenocrater</em>+<em>Lophanthus</em>+<em>Marmoritis</em> clade (<em>Lophanthus</em> s.l. clade) consists of approximately 40 species distributed from eastern to southwestern Asia. Due to the sparse taxon sampling, previous molecular and morphological studies have not been capable of rendering the phylogenetic position of this clade and relationships of its taxa. We performed a comprehensive molecular study of the <em>Hymenocrater</em>+<em>Lophanthus</em>+<em>Marmoritis</em> clade, including an extensive taxon sampling, using nrDNA (ITS and ETS) and cpDNA (<em>trn</em>L-<em>trn</em>F, <em>rps</em>16, and <em>rpl</em>32-<em>trn</em>L) sequences. Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships, dating of diversification, and historical biogeography of this clade. Although the present study confirms the polyphyly of <em>Hymenocrater</em>, <em>Lophanthus</em> and <em>Marmoritis</em>, the phylogenetic results do not confirm the unity of <em>Lophanthus</em> and its allies with <em>Nepeta</em>. Therefore, the generic delimitation of <em>Lophanthus</em> s.l. and <em>Nepeta</em> is yet to be determined, requiring an examination and assessment of adding a large number of <em>Nepeta</em> species and their close relatives. Our results also indicate the need to redefine <em>Lophanthus</em> sensu Budantsev more broadly as <em>Lophanthus</em> s.l. by synonymizing <em>Hymenocrater</em> and <em>Marmoritis</em> within <em>Lophanthus</em>. Two morphological synapomorphies, i.e., the resupinate corolla and an annulate hairy calyx tube in the middle or throat, support this unity. Dating and biogeographical analyses confirm that <em>Lophanthus</em> s.l. originated in the eastern Irano-Turanian floristic region in the late Miocene and later migrated to the central part of this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 125843"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An outline on the chemical phenotype flexibility of forest species: an eco-metabolomics study of Pinus uncinata along an altitudinal gradient","authors":"Albert Rivas-Ubach ,&nbsp;Ismael Aranda ,&nbsp;Jordi Sardans ,&nbsp;Yina Liu ,&nbsp;María Díaz de Quijano ,&nbsp;Ljiljana Paša-Tolić ,&nbsp;Michal Oravec ,&nbsp;Otmar Urban ,&nbsp;Josep Peñuelas","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The altitudinal distribution of plant populations is mainly determined by a set of environmental variables, including temperature, water availability, UV radiation, among others, which gradually shift with elevation. Therefore, altitudinal gradients in ecology could serve as \"natural laboratories\" providing insights into the phenotypic flexibility of natural plant populations. Plants can adjust their phenotypes to cope with specific environments. However, the adjustment capacity directly depends on the plasticity and flexibility of plant phenotypes. Plants growing at the edges of their distribution gradients may present limited flexibility due to the sub-optimal environmental conditions they experience. We analyzed the foliar metabolomes of a mountain pine population in the Pyrenees to assess their chemical phenotypic flexibility along an altitudinal gradient. We found significant changes in foliar metabolomes across different altitudes, with the most contrasting foliar metabolomes observed at the lowest and highest altitudes. Trees growing at the boundaries of the altitudinal distribution considerably shifted their foliar metabolome compared to those at more central locations with an overall upregulation of sugars, amino acids, and antioxidants. Metabolomics analyses suggested higher oxidative activity at lower altitude, presumably due to the drier and warmer conditions. However, oxidative stress indicators were also detected at the tree line, potentially associated with chilling, UV, and tropospheric O₃ exposure. In addition to the inability of many species to keep pace with the rapid speed of climate change by migrating upward in altitude or latitude to find more optimum environments, their migration to higher elevations may be hindered by the presence of other environmental factors at high altitudes. Eco-metabolomics studies along environmental gradients can provide crucial insights into the chemical phenotypic flexibility of natural plant populations while providing pivotal clues regarding which plant metabolic pathway are prioritized to cope with specific environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 125844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in functional traits among different mycorrhizal types and life history stages of temperate broadleaf tree species","authors":"Mingyuan Lu ,&nbsp;Guangze Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring the variation in functional traits in plants from different perspectives not only helps reveal the adaptation of plants to their environment but also reflects the ecological strategies of plants. In this study, three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees and three species of ectomycorrhizal (EM) trees were selected in the Heilongjiang Liangshui National Nature Reserve. To investigate the similarities and differences between the functional traits of the two mycorrhizal types of trees at different life history stages, hydraulic traits, anatomical traits, leaf functional traits, and stoichiometry of each species were measured at different life history stages. Traits such as mean vessel area, hydraulic weighted vessel diameter and nitrogen content appeared to be relatively important traits in this study, and all traits were more strongly correlated in AM trees. The sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity, leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity, vessel density, vessel lumen fraction, nitrogen content and phosphorus content of EM species were significantly higher than those of AM species, while the total vessel area, mean vessel area, hydraulic weighted vessel diameter and density of primary leaf veins of EM species were significantly lower than those of AM species. The leaf mass per area and leaf dry matter content of saplings were significantly lower than those of juvenile trees and adult trees. Most of the trait variation interspecific and intraspecific, and the variability of hydraulic and anatomical traits such as sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity, leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity, vessel density and total vessel area was relatively large. Leaf dry matter content, hydraulic weighted vessel diameter, vessel density and the vessel lumen fraction contributed significantly to whole branch hydraulic conductivity. It is evident that plastic adjustment and synergistic variation in functional traits are important mechanisms by which plants with different mycorrhizal types and at different life history stages can adapt to different environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 125833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought resistance and drought adaptation of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) – A review","authors":"Christoph Leuschner ,&nbsp;Frederick C. Meinzer","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise in temperatures with climate warming exposes trees and forests on Earth to a triple threat through increased soil drought, enhanced atmospheric drought, and growing heat stress. Understanding which tree species are susceptible to mortality under a more arid future climate is urgent. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of the drought and heat response of Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>, DF) in all relevant fields of research, spanning from stomatal regulation and photosynthetic responses, plant water status dynamics and the vulnerability of the hydraulic system, to adaptive responses of the root system, the climate sensitivity of growth, and climate change-related tree vitality declines and die-off. The species’ high productivity is linked to large leaf areas at maturity, which cause fairly high interception and transpiration rates and often result in effective soil moisture depletion and reduced groundwater recharge. While hydraulic safety is high in DF branch xylem, embolism seems common in the xylem of terminal branchlets and small roots during summer drought. The existing evidence suggests that the photosynthetic apparatus and growth rate of DF are fairly heat-sensitive in comparison to other tree species, with impairment of photosynthesis starting at temperatures of ∼40 °C. A key growth-limiting factor is a high atmospheric saturation deficit, which causes partial stomatal closure and growth decline in summer, explaining high productivity in more humid maritime climates. We explore population, provenance and variety differences in the resistance to drought and heat and the related capacity to adapt, and compare the performance of Douglas-fir to that of other tree species. Across provenances and families, trade-offs between productivity and drought resistance, cold resistance and heat resistance have emerged, and more drought-resistant provenances are often less cold-hardy. Recent hot droughts have caused vitality decline and local stand-level die-off in DF in the drier parts of the U.S. and in some European regions. For the economically important coastal variety (<em>P. m.</em> var<em>. menziesii</em>), the existing evidence suggests considerable vulnerability to a future warmer and drier climate, especially in the warmer lowlands, while the interior variety (<em>P. m.</em> var<em>. glauca</em>) may perform better. Perspectives for the silviculture of Douglas fir in a warmer world are outlined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 125829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}