Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics最新文献_第4页

Taxonomic and genetic assessment of disjunct populations of the threatened plant Arnica montana (Asteraceae) from central France 法国中部濒危植物蒙大拿山金车（菊科）不相交居群的分类和遗传评价

IF 3.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125873

Fabienne Van Rossum , Didier Buisson , Timothée Le Péchon , Laura Daco , Sylvie Hermant , Richard Dahlem , Guy Colling , Philippe Bardin

To optimize genetic restoration, not only the amount of genetic diversity is important, but also genetic differentiation among populations. When genetic divergence is too high, maladaptation and outbreeding depression may compromise long-term population evolutionary potential. The declining, self-incompatible, clonally-propagating mountainous herb Arnica montana (Asteraceae) shows wide phenotypic variation through its range. Two subspecies (atlantica and montana) were described based on nuclear and plastid markers and on sesquiterpene lactone composition. Taxonomic uncertainties remain about disjunct, low elevational, and ecologically marginal populations in central France (Val-de-Loire region). We investigated genetic diversity and structure using four plastid markers and nine polymorphic microsatellite markers and quantified helenalin and dihydrohelenalin compounds in flowers, to compare Val-de-Loire populations with low-elevation populations from Ardennes (northern France, Belgium and Luxembourg) ascribed to A. m. subsp. montana. Small Val-de-Loire populations retained genetic diversity similar to the larger restored Ardennes populations, so that they may be used as seed sources for local translocations, with source mixing to take the small number of compatible mates due to high clonality into account. Genetic differentiation between Val-de-Loire and Ardennes populations suggests isolation-by-distance, and founding and genetic drift effects. Val-de-Loire populations share the same phylogeographic history and chemotype as Ardennes populations, and can thus be ascribed to A. m. subsp. montana. The wide chemotypic variation among and within populations suggests phenotypic plasticity related to site environment and climatic conditions, but also genetically-based local adaptation. The preservation of such ecologically marginal populations appear important in a context of climate change and increased eutrophication.

为了优化遗传恢复，不仅需要遗传多样性的数量，还需要群体间的遗传分化。当遗传差异过大时，适应不良和近亲繁殖抑制可能会损害种群的长期进化潜力。山金车是一种走下坡路、自交不亲和、无性繁殖的山地草本植物，在其分布范围内表现出广泛的表型变异。根据核和质体标记以及倍半萜内酯组成对两个亚种（atlantica和montana）进行了描述。在法国中部（卢瓦尔河谷地区），关于不相交的、低海拔的和生态边缘的种群的分类仍然不确定。本文利用4个质体标记和9个多形微卫星标记，定量分析了卢瓦尔河谷河谷河谷地区的A. m.亚种与阿登地区（法国北部、比利时和卢森堡）低海拔地区的A. m.亚种的遗传多样性和结构。蒙大拿。小规模的Val-de-Loire种群保留了与较大的阿登恢复种群相似的遗传多样性，因此它们可以作为局部易位的种子来源，通过源混合考虑到高克隆性导致的兼容配偶数量少。卢瓦尔河谷和阿登地区人群之间的遗传分化表明了距离隔离效应、建立效应和遗传漂变效应。Val-de-Loire种群与Ardennes种群具有相同的系统地理历史和化学型，因此可以将其归因于a.m.a sp。蒙大拿。种群之间和种群内部广泛的化学型差异表明，表型可塑性与现场环境和气候条件有关，但也基于遗传的局部适应。在气候变化和富营养化加剧的背景下，保护这些生态边缘种群显得很重要。

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引用次数: 0

Are trait responses of tree species across pyroregions indicative of fire-modulated plant functional strategies? 跨火区树种的性状响应是否指示了火调节植物的功能策略？

IF 3.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125867

José Maria Costa-Saura , Gabriele Midolo , Carlo Ricotta , Mara Baudena , Carlo Calfapietra , Mario Elia , Paolo Fiorucci , Simone Mereu , Costantino Sirca , Donatella Spano , Gianna Vivaldo , Gianluigi Ottaviani

Fire disturbance is a global eco-evolutionary force affecting plant species persistence and distribution. Pyrogeographic studies so far have identified pyroregions based on their similarity in climate and fire regime parameters. However, which fire-related traits tend to promote or hinder plant species persistence and distribution in different pyroregions remains underexplored. We implement a trait-based approach focusing on 38 tree species in the Mediterranean Basin (Italy), testing whether 1) species distribution across different pyroregions is associated with fire regime, 2) species in different pyroregions exhibit distinct fire-related trait values and, if so, 3) trait differences suggest better abilities to cope with fire and aridity in species distributed in more fire-prone and arid regions (e.g. thicker bark). We ran multivariate analyses (Correspondence Analysis) and linear models (Standardized Major Axis, Ordinary Least Squares) to address our goals. Findings tend to positively answer our questions, emphasizing the importance of including fire-related traits in pyroregionalization studies. Noticeably, the most fire-prone pyroregions collapse into one region from a functional perspective, with species characterized by trait values indicative of adaptations to fire and aridity. A trait-based approach may contribute to refine pyroregionalization exercises while proving useful for management purposes, such as identifying species or life histories whose traits may facilitate their persistence in the face of future, likely exacerbating, fire regimes.

火灾干扰是影响植物物种持续存在和分布的全球性生态进化力量。迄今为止，火山地理学的研究主要是基于它们在气候和火情参数上的相似性来确定火山区。然而，哪些与火有关的性状倾向于促进或阻碍植物物种在不同焦区持续存在和分布的研究尚不充分。我们对地中海盆地（意大利）的38种树种实施了一种基于性状的方法，测试了1)不同焦区树种分布是否与火灾状况有关，2)不同焦区树种表现出不同的火灾相关性状值，如果是这样，3)性状差异表明，分布在更容易发生火灾和干旱地区的树种（如树皮较厚）应对火灾和干旱的能力更好。我们运行了多变量分析（对应分析）和线性模型（标准化长轴，普通最小二乘）来实现我们的目标。研究结果倾向于积极地回答我们的问题，强调在高温区划研究中包括与火相关的特征的重要性。值得注意的是，从功能角度来看，最容易发生火灾的焦区会坍塌成一个区域，物种的特征值表明它们适应火灾和干旱。基于特征的方法可能有助于改进高温区域化工作，同时证明对管理目的是有用的，例如确定物种或生活史，其特征可能有助于它们在面对未来可能加剧的火灾制度时保持持久性。

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引用次数: 0

Reproductive biology and pollinators of Musschia wollastonii Lowe (Campanulaceae) 野鼠的生殖生物学及传粉媒介

IF 3.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125866

Catarina Gomes , Sílvia Castro , Tiago Andrade , Manuela Gouveia , Elisa Teixeira , Célia Bairos , Miguel Menezes de Sequeira

Understanding the reproductive biology of plants is particularly relevant for the conservation of rare, threatened or endemic plants. Musschia wollastonii Lowe is a rare, monocarpic, neoendemic species of the island of Madeira with a complex reproductive biology including outcrossing and selfing. However, nothing is known about the extent of the dependence of the species on pollinators for its reproduction, a possible incompatibility system, or the extent of selfing. We found that M. wollastonii is self-compatible and shows spontaneous but delayed selfing. Outcrossing is promoted by protandry, weak dichogamy, and a mechanism of secondary pollen presentation on the abaxial surface of the stigmatic lobes. The four-month flowering period and large inflorescence, traits that promote cross-pollination, suggest a mixed mating system. Observed flower visitors were insects from the Syrphidae and Drosophilae (both Diptera), Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) and Vespidae (Hymenoptera) families. All insect flower visitors observed were pollen thieves and had thus potentially a negative impact on reproductive success, but a positive role as pollinators is suggested for syrphids and the butterfly Pararge xiphia (Nymphalidae). Although reported by other authors, no bird visitations were recorded in the studied habitat.

了解植物的生殖生物学对保护珍稀、濒危或特有植物尤为重要。沃拉斯顿Musschia wollastonii Lowe是马德拉岛的一种罕见的单生新特有物种，具有复杂的生殖生物学，包括异交和自交。然而，对于该物种在繁殖过程中对传粉者的依赖程度、可能的不相容系统或自交程度，人们一无所知。我们发现wollastonii具有自亲和性，表现出自发但延迟的自交。异交主要由原雄体、弱二偶性和次生花粉在柱头裂片背面的呈现机制促进。四个月的花期和大的花序，促进异花授粉的特征，表明一个混合的交配系统。访花昆虫主要为双翅目蚜蝇科和果蝇科、鳞翅目蚜蝇科和膜翅目寄生蜂科。观察到的访花昆虫都是花粉窃盗，因此对繁殖成功率有潜在的负面影响，但对蚜蝇和蛱蝶具有积极的传粉作用。虽然有其他作者的报道，但在研究的栖息地没有鸟类来访的记录。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term effects of free-ranging cattle and ponies on the soil and vegetation of reseeded grasslands in the New Forest, England 自由放养的牛和小马对英格兰新森林重新播种草地土壤和植被的长期影响

IF 3.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125875

Peter J. Edwards , J. Rue Ekins , Susan Hollis

The New Forest, England, includes an extensive area of semi-natural vegetation that is grazed by free-ranging cattle and ponies. Between 1947 and 1958, several areas of nutrient-poor acid grassland were fenced and sown with pasture seed mixtures with the aim of improving the animals’ food resources. After the swards had established, the fences were removed and the leys, known locally as reseeded lawns, have since been grazed continuously. Drawing upon data from previous studies and reports, we investigated changes in the vegetation and soils of these lawns, and in their use by grazing animals, over a period of < 75 years. The sown species, among them Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens, were soon replaced by Agrostis capillaris and rosette-forming forbs such as Hypochoeris radicata and Leontodon autumnalis. After about 1996, the cover of Danthonia decumbens and various Carex spp. increased, and heathland species, especially Calluna vulgaris, began to encroach onto the lawns. This floristic succession was associated with declining productivity and lower nutritional quality of herbage, and reduced use of lawns by livestock. We present various lines of evidence indicating that the main driver of these changes was declining soil phosphorus (P), caused in large part by its export from lawns in excreta and in the bodies of animals leaving the New Forest. We conclude that, through their selective use of habitat, free-ranging livestock can strongly influence vegetation processes at larger spatial scales and may contribute positively to the conservation value of pastoral landscapes.

英格兰的新森林包括一大片半自然植被，自由放养的牛和小马在那里吃草。1947年至1958年间，为了改善动物的食物资源，几个营养贫乏的酸性草地地区被围起来，并播种了牧草混合种子。草皮长好之后，篱笆就被移走了，从那以后，这些被当地人称为“再植草坪”的草地就一直被放牧着。根据以前的研究和报告的数据，我们调查了这些草坪的植被和土壤的变化，以及放牧动物在 75年的时间里对它们的利用。播种种，其中包括黑麦草和三叶草，很快就被毛缕草和莲座形成的草本植物，如根茎草和秋叶草所取代。大约1996年以后，丹东草和各种苔属植物的覆盖面积增加，石南植物以愈伤草为主开始侵占草坪。这种植物区系演替与牧草的生产力下降和营养质量下降以及牲畜对草地的利用减少有关。我们提出了各种各样的证据，表明这些变化的主要驱动因素是土壤磷(P)的下降，这在很大程度上是由草地排泄物和离开新森林的动物体内的磷输出造成的。综上所述，放养牲畜通过对栖息地的选择性利用，在更大的空间尺度上对植被过程产生强烈影响，并可能对田园景观的保护价值做出积极贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Mating patterns of an ambophilous dioecious dominant tree in fragmented Chaco Serrano forests 查科-塞拉诺破碎森林中两性雌雄异株优势树的交配模式

IF 3.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125860

Ana Laura Chiapero , María Cristina Acosta , Lorena Ashworth , Mauricio Quesada , Gabriel Bernardello , Ramiro Aguilar

Lithraea molleoides is a dominant dioecious tree native to the Chaco Serrano Forest, a highly fragmented and threatened ecoregion in central Argentina. The species has ambophily and is able to set seeds via apomixis, traits that may confer resilience to genetic erosion in fragmented forests. We analyzed the genetic diversity of adults and progeny from both continuous and fragmented forests of the Chaco Serrano ecoregion, and conducted paternity assignment and pollen flow analyses. Adult tree populations showed no differences in genetic diversity and structure between continuous and fragmented forests, suggesting they precede the events of habitat loss and fragmentation. In contrast, only the progeny from fragmented forests showed lower genetic diversity and increased inbreeding. Changes in pollinator assemblages in fragmented forests and a higher incidence of apomixis (i.e., only genotypes from female trees reflected in the progeny) may have contributed to reduced genetic diversity in the progeny. Contemporary pollen flow was more restricted in fragmented environments, probably due to changes in pollinator composition and limited wind pollination. While ambophily and apomixis provide reproductive assurance for L. molleoides, our study highlights they cannot prevent the genetic erosion observed in the progeny generated in fragmented forests. These findings have significant implications for conservation strategies aimed at preserving the genetic diversity and viability of L. molleoides populations in the last tracts of Chaco Serrano Forests.

Lithraea molleoides是一种主要的雌雄异株树，原产于查科塞拉诺森林，这是阿根廷中部一个高度破碎和受威胁的生态区域。该物种具有两亲性，并且能够通过无融合繁殖而产生种子，这些特征可能赋予它们在破碎森林中抵御遗传侵蚀的能力。对Chaco Serrano生态区连续森林和破碎森林的成虫和子虫的遗传多样性进行了分析，并进行了父系鉴定和花粉流分析。连续林和破碎林的成树种群在遗传多样性和结构上没有差异，表明它们发生在栖息地丧失和破碎化事件之前。相比之下，只有来自破碎森林的后代表现出较低的遗传多样性和增加的近交。破碎森林中传粉者组合的变化和高发生率的无融合（即只有来自雌树的基因型反映在后代中）可能导致了后代遗传多样性的降低。当代花粉流在破碎化环境中更受限制，可能是由于传粉者组成的变化和风传粉的限制。虽然两性性和无融合性提供了L. molleoides的繁殖保证，但我们的研究强调它们不能防止在破碎森林中产生的后代中观察到的遗传侵蚀。这些发现对保护查科塞拉诺森林最后一片带的L. molleoides种群的遗传多样性和生存力具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Untangling the relationship between pollination efficiency and pollen-ovule ratios 传粉效率与花粉-胚珠比关系的厘清

IF 3.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125872

Martin Burd

Intuition suggests that loss of pollen during dispersal will favour increased pollen production to counteract the loss. From the perspective of sex allocation theory, however, such loss constitutes mortality following parental investment, and theoretical models have consistently shown that sex differences in post-investment mortality have no selective effect on parental sex allocation, of which pollen and ovule investment is a conspicuous part. This conflict between intuition and theory can be ameliorated by comparison to animal reproductive ecology. Mating systems such as polygyny that leave many seemingly superfluous males do not favour compensatory adjustments in the sex ratio. Rampant egg mortality among broadcast-spawners does not create selection for greater egg production. These inefficient reproductive investments evolve because efficiency is not the basis of the rare-sex advantage governing sex allocation. Nonetheless, empirical associations of pollination efficiency with pollen-ovule ratios need explanation. A simple but unexplored possibility is that high pollination efficiency tends also to involve stigmatic deposition of related cohorts of pollen or repeated pollination of nearby recipient plants by a focal donor, thus creating local mating competition, a factor long known to affect sex allocation. This hypothesis predicts that low pollen-ovule ratios will be accompanied by high levels of correlated paternity.

直觉表明，在传播过程中花粉的损失将有利于增加花粉产量来抵消损失。然而，从性别分配理论的角度来看，这种损失构成了亲本投入后的死亡率，理论模型一致表明，投入后死亡率的性别差异对亲本性别分配没有选择性影响，其中花粉和胚珠投入是一个显著的部分。这种直觉和理论之间的冲突可以通过与动物生殖生态学的比较来改善。像一夫多妻制这样的交配制度会留下许多看似多余的雄性，这不利于性别比例的补偿性调整。在广播产卵者中，猖獗的卵死亡率并没有为更大的卵产量创造选择。这些低效的生殖投资之所以会进化，是因为效率并不是支配性别分配的稀有性别优势的基础。尽管如此，授粉效率与花粉-胚珠比例的经验关联需要解释。一种简单但未被探索的可能性是，高授粉效率往往还涉及相关花粉群的柱头沉积或焦点供体对附近受体植物的重复授粉，从而产生局部交配竞争，这是一个长期以来已知的影响性别分配的因素。这一假说预测，低花粉-胚珠比例将伴随着高水平的相关父系。

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引用次数: 0

Urban green spaces as reservoirs of exotic plant species with invasion risk: A case study on the ornamental flora of Nairobi City, Kenya 城市绿地作为具有入侵风险的外来植物的储存库——以肯尼亚内罗毕市观赏植物为例

IF 3.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125864

Calvince Rashid Kawawa Abonyo , Ayub M.O. Oduor

Human-driven global redistribution of flora for various economic purposes has contributed to the naturalization of several thousand species of plants outside their native ranges. A significant proportion of naturalized species have become invasive whereby they significantly alter biodiversity, disrupt ecosystems, and cause socioeconomic losses. Urban ornamental horticulture is a major pathway for the introduction of exotic plants, as these species are widely cultivated for their aesthetic appeal and adaptability. However, inventories of exotic plants grown in urban areas are lacking in many African countries. This study surveyed ornamental plants in 100 urban green spaces (parks, gardens, urban forests, cemeteries, playgrounds and squares) in Nairobi City, Kenya. The objective was to assess the prevalence of exotic species, their geographic origins, economic uses, and naturalization/invasion status. We identified 638 plant species, 11 of which are native to Kenya. Trees were the most common, followed by shrubs and perennial herbs. Most exotic species originated from Africa, South America, and tropical Asia, while fewer came from North America, Europe, and Oceania. Of the exotic species, 53 % were casual (not yet established in the wild), 30 % were invasive somewhere in the world and 17 % were naturalized. In addition to their ornamental use, all species served various purposes: medicinal (48.43 %), construction (29.31 %), environmental conservation (17.40 %), human food (2.98 %), multiple uses (0.94 %), fodder (0.63 %), and biofuels (0.31 %). The finding that 30 % of exotic ornamental plant species grown in Nairobi City had a history of being invasive in different parts of the world emphasizes the need for proactive measures to prevent their potential invasion in Kenya and other regions with similar climates.

由于各种经济目的，人类驱动的全球植物区系再分配已经促成了数千种植物在其原生范围之外的归化。相当大比例的归化物种已成为入侵物种，从而显著改变生物多样性，破坏生态系统并造成社会经济损失。城市观赏园艺是引进外来植物的主要途径，因为这些物种因其审美吸引力和适应性而被广泛种植。然而，许多非洲国家缺乏在城市地区种植的外来植物库存。本研究调查了肯尼亚内罗毕市100个城市绿地（公园、花园、城市森林、墓地、操场和广场）中的观赏植物。目的是评估外来物种的流行程度、地理来源、经济用途和归化/入侵状况。我们确定了638种植物，其中11种原产于肯尼亚。树木是最常见的，其次是灌木和多年生草本植物。大多数外来物种起源于非洲、南美洲和热带亚洲，而少数来自北美、欧洲和大洋洲。外来种中，53 %为偶然种（尚未在野外建立），30 %为世界某处入侵种，17 %为归化种。除了观赏用途外，所有物种还具有各种用途：药用（48.43 %）、建筑（29.31 %）、环境保护（17.40 %）、人类食品（2.98 %）、多种用途（0.94 %）、饲料（0.63 %）和生物燃料（0.31 %）。在内罗毕市种植的外来观赏植物中，有30% %在世界不同地区具有入侵历史，这一发现强调了采取积极措施防止它们在肯尼亚和其他类似气候地区的潜在入侵的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

A survey of duckweed species in Southern Italy provided first distribution records of the hybrid Lemna × mediterranea in nature 对意大利南部浮萍种类的调查首次提供了地中海浮萍在自然界的分布记录

IF 3.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125863

Leone Ermes Romano , Luca Braglia , Maria Adelaide Iannelli , Yuri Lee , Silvia Gianì , Floriana Gavazzi , Laura Morello

Interspecific hybridisation and polyploidization are two main driving forces in plant evolution, shaping genomes and favouring evolutionary novelty and ecological adaptation. Recent studies have demonstrated hybridisation within the genus Lemna (Lemnaceae Martinov) as well as triploid accessions. Lemna × mediterranea, a recently described hybrid between Lemna minor and Lemna gibba, was identified only among long-lasting germplasm collections of in vitro propagated plants, originally collected at different times in the Mediterranean area. We report the first distribution record of L. × mediterranea in the nature, in the Campania region of Southern Italy, the same area where Lemna symmeter was described as a new species about 50 years ago, confirming their synonymy. Eight specimens isolated from five different sampling sites over an area of about 4200 km² showed identical genetic profiles by Tubulin-Based Polymorphism (TBP) analysis, suggesting their common origin from the same hybridisation event, followed by clonal dispersal. The L. × mediterranea population of Campania is genetically different from any of the previously analysed clones, suggesting that recurrent hybridisation between the parental species may occur. The natural hybrid clone is triploid, with L. gibba as the plastid donor, and remarkably similar to it by morphology, although the typical gibbosity of this species becomes evident only upon in vitro flower induction. Flowers are protogynous and self-sterile. Ecological factors including competition with parental and invasive species, niche and climate change adaptation, stability in time and space likely played a role in the successful establishment of L. × mediterranea.

种间杂交和多倍体化是植物进化的两个主要驱动力，它们塑造了基因组，促进了进化的新颖性和生态适应性。最近的研究表明，在Lemna属（Lemnaceae Martinov）以及三倍体中存在杂交。lena × mediterranea是最近发现的一种小lena和长尾lena之间的杂交植物，仅在地中海地区不同时间收集的体外繁殖植物的长期种质中被鉴定出来。本文报道了在意大利南部坎帕尼亚地区首次记录到的L. x mediterranea在自然界的分布，该地区50多年前曾被描述为新种Lemna symmeter，证实了它们的同义性。在4200 km2的范围内，从5个不同的采样点分离的8个样本通过微管蛋白多态性（TBP）分析显示出相同的遗传图谱，表明它们共同起源于同一杂交事件，然后是克隆扩散。坎帕尼亚的L. × mediterranea种群在遗传上与之前分析的任何克隆都不同，这表明亲本物种之间可能会发生反复杂交。自然杂交克隆为三倍体，以长臂猿为质体供体，在形态上与长臂猿非常相似，尽管该物种的典型长臂猿只有在离体花诱导时才变得明显。花是原生的和自不育的。与亲本和入侵种的竞争、生态位和气候变化的适应、时间和空间的稳定性等生态因素可能对地中海L. xmediterranea的成功建立起了重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Winter annuals not only escape but also withstand winter droughts: Results from a multi-trait, multi-species approach 冬季一年生植物不仅能逃避而且能抵御冬季干旱：来自多性状、多物种方法的结果

IF 3.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125849

Susanne Kurze , Bettina M.J. Engelbrecht , Mark C. Bilton , Katja Tielbörger , Leonor Álvarez-Cansino

Winter annual plants are a dominant life form in drylands. They evade seasonal drought through their life history, but are also exposed to drought within their growing season. Across species, winter annuals differ in traits allowing them to reproduce before a drought occurs (drought escape) as well as in traits minimizing tissue dehydration (drought avoidance) and/or maintaining functioning under drought (drought tolerance). It is yet uncertain how these traits are coordinated and influence winter annuals’ performance responses to drought within the growing season and their distribution along rainfall gradients. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial to predict global change impacts in drylands. We measured 22 traits hypothesized to influence whole-plant performance responses to drought in 29 winter annuals common in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin. We examined trait syndromes and linked species’ strengths of these trait syndromes with their fecundity responses to an experimental within-season drought, their maximum growth rates (in 18 species), and their distribution along a rainfall gradient. Four trait syndromes emerged: Two were largely consistent with drought avoidance and tolerance, while the other two consisted of traits considered to confer drought escape. Both escape syndromes were differently associated with plant size and therefore referred to as small and tall escape syndrome. Species with a pronounced small escape syndrome showed, albeit weakly, higher fecundity losses under experimental drought. Both species with a pronounced avoidance or tall escape syndrome exhibited higher growth rates, but only annuals with pronounced avoidance traits tended to occur in moister conditions. Our findings highlight that winter annuals, despite their common life history, exhibit several trait syndromes conferring them similar ability to cope with drought in the growing season. Consequently, increasing within-season drought with global change may hardly affect community composition of winter annuals.

冬季一年生植物是旱地的主要生命形式。它们一生都在躲避季节性干旱，但在生长季节也会面临干旱。在不同物种中，冬季一年生植物的特征不同，这些特征使它们能够在干旱发生之前繁殖（干旱逃避），以及最大限度地减少组织脱水（干旱避免）和/或在干旱下维持功能（干旱耐受性）。目前尚不清楚这些性状如何协调并影响冬季一年生植物在生长季节对干旱的表现响应及其沿降雨梯度的分布。了解这些机制对于预测全球变化对旱地的影响至关重要。在东地中海盆地常见的29种冬季一年生植物中，我们测量了22个性状，假设这些性状会影响整个植物对干旱的反应。我们研究了性状综合征，并将这些性状综合征的物种优势与它们对季节内干旱的繁殖力反应、它们的最大生长率（在18个物种中）以及它们沿降雨梯度的分布联系起来。出现了四种性状综合征：两种与干旱避免和耐受性基本一致，而另外两种由被认为赋予干旱逃避的性状组成。这两种逃逸综合征与植物大小的关系不同，因此被称为矮高逃逸综合征。具有明显的小逃逸综合征的物种在实验干旱下显示，尽管弱，较高的繁殖力损失。具有明显回避或高逃避综合征的两种植物均表现出较高的生长速率，但只有具有明显回避性状的一年生植物才倾向于在潮湿条件下生长。我们的研究结果强调，尽管它们有共同的生活史，但冬季一年生植物表现出一些特征综合症，使它们在生长季节应对干旱的能力相似。因此，随着全球变化而增加的季内干旱几乎不会影响冬季一年生植物的群落组成。

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引用次数: 0

Pollen presentation mitigates competition for pollinators due to diurnal stratification of pollen transfer 由于花粉传递的昼夜分层，花粉呈现减轻了对传粉者的竞争

IF 3.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppees.2025.125868

Jakub Štenc , Lukáš Janošík , Martin Freudenfeld , Eva Matoušková , Jiří Hadrava , Michael Mikát , Klára Daňková , Tereza Hadravová , Tadeáš Ryšan , Jasna Simonová , Klára Koupilová , Alice Haveldová , Eliška Konečná , Jan Martinek , Barbora Jelínková , Stanislav Vosolsobě , Karolína Dobešová , Marie Smyčková , Jan Smyčka , Jitka Smyčková , Zdeněk Janovský

Pollen presentation and release strategies are believed to affect the timing of plant-pollinator interactions and therefore play a crucial role in pollen transfer. However, only limited evidence links pollen release and temporal changes in the pollen load carried by pollinators. In the present study, we aim to investigate how different pollen presentation strategies affect both the quantity and quality of pollen transferred by plant pollinators and discuss the potential for structuring plant-pollinator networks. We investigated pollen load on pollinators collected from three co-flowering species during the daytime with a known pollen presentation strategy: Succisa pratensis releasing pollen early in the morning, Centaurea jacea employs a gradual pollen presentation and Trifolium hybridum with explosive pollen release during pollinator visits. We compared the temporal patterns in the number of conspecific pollen grains (pollen of visited plant species) on the bodies of pollinators(pollen quantity) and in the proportions of the total pollen load (pollen quality) for different pollinators of the studied plant species. Then we linked pollen transfer to the pollinator visitation pattern during the day.The three plant species differed in the pattern of pollen transfer by their pollinators. Pollinators of Succisa pratensis carried the majority of the pollen in the morning after the pollen was released followed by a drop in both pollen quantity and quality. Pollinators of C. jacea and T. hybridum carried less variable pollen loads over time, which we explain by plant spatial density (C. jacea) and flower morphology combined with a pollen release strategy (T. hybridum). By linking the diurnal pattern of pollen transfer with the pollinator visitation pattern, our results demonstrate the diurnal structuring of pollen transfer and the plant’s ability to mitigate the negative effect of pollinator sharing.

花粉呈现和释放策略被认为影响植物与传粉者相互作用的时间，因此在花粉传递中起着至关重要的作用。然而，只有有限的证据表明花粉释放与传粉者携带的花粉量的时间变化有关。在本研究中，我们旨在研究不同的花粉呈现策略如何影响植物传粉媒介传递花粉的数量和质量，并讨论构建植物传粉媒介网络的潜力。我们研究了三种共花植物在白天采集的传粉者的花粉负荷，并采用了已知的花粉呈现策略：在传粉者访问期间，草芥（Succisa pratensis）在清晨释放花粉，半人马花（Centaurea jacea）采用渐进的花粉呈现方式，而三叶草（Trifolium hybridum）采用爆炸式的花粉释放方式。我们比较了不同传粉者在不同传粉者身上的花粉粒数（被访植物的花粉）（花粉量）和总花粉负荷（花粉质量）的比例（花粉质量）的时间格局。然后我们将花粉转移与传粉者在白天的访问模式联系起来。三种植物在传粉媒介的花粉传递方式上存在差异。草原琥珀在花粉释放后的上午传粉者携带了大部分花粉，随后花粉数量和质量都有所下降。随着时间的推移，花楸和花楸的传粉媒介携带的花粉量变化较少，这可能与花楸的空间密度和花楸的形态以及花粉释放策略有关。通过将花粉传递的日模式与传粉者的访问模式联系起来，我们的研究结果证明了花粉传递的日结构以及植物减轻传粉者分享负面影响的能力。

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引用次数: 0