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Towards standardisation of surface electromyography measurements in the horse: Bipolar electrode location 实现马匹表面肌电图测量标准化:双极电极位置
IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102884
I.H. Smit , J.I.M. Parmentier , T. Rovel , J. van Dieen , F.M. Serra Bragança

The use of surface electromyography in the field of animal locomotion has increased considerably over the past decade. However, no consensus exists on the methodology for data collection in horses. This study aimed to start the development of recommendations for bipolar electrode locations to collect surface electromyographic data from horses during dynamic tasks.

Data were collected from 21 superficial muscles of three horses during trot on a treadmill using linear electrode arrays. The data were assessed both quantitatively (signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and coefficient of variation (CoV)) and qualitatively (presence of crosstalk and activation patterns) to compare and select electrode locations for each muscle.

For most muscles and horses, the highest SNR values were detected near or cranial/proximal to the central region of the muscle. Concerning the CoV, there were larger differences between muscles and horses than within muscles. Qualitatively, crosstalk was suspected to be present in the signals of twelve muscles but not in all locations in the arrays.

With this study, a first attempt is made to develop recommendations for bipolar electrode locations for muscle activity measurements during dynamic contractions in horses. The results may help to improve the reliability and reproducibility of study results in equine biomechanics.

在过去十年中,表面肌电图在动物运动领域的应用大幅增加。然而,对于马匹的数据收集方法还没有达成共识。本研究旨在开始制定双极电极位置的建议,以收集马匹在执行动态任务时的表面肌电数据。研究人员使用线性电极阵列收集了三匹马在跑步机上小跑时的 21 块浅表肌肉数据。对数据进行了定量(信噪比(SNR)和变异系数(CoV))和定性(是否存在串扰和激活模式)评估,以比较和选择每块肌肉的电极位置。关于CoV,肌肉和马匹之间的差异比肌肉内部的差异更大。本研究首次尝试为马匹动态收缩时肌肉活动测量的双极电极位置提出建议。研究结果可能有助于提高马匹生物力学研究结果的可靠性和可重复性。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of repetition of a car-driving pedal maneuver and neural output in older adults 重复汽车驾驶踏板动作对老年人神经输出的影响
IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102883
Shun Kunugi , Aleš Holobar , Akira Nakagoshi , Kyosuke Kawabe , Kohei Watanabe

Understanding the ability of older adults to control pedal position angle and investigating whether this ability can be enhanced through practice may contribute to the prevention of traffic accidents. This study aimed to investigate repetitive effects on variability of the pedal position and neural drive during car-pedal operation in older adults. Thirteen older and 11 young adults performed 105 (21 sets × 5 repetitions) pedal angle control tasks with plantar flexor contraction. High-density surface electromyograms were recorded of triceps surae muscles. A cumulative spike train as a neural drive was calculated using continuously active motor unit activities. The coefficient of variation of the angle was higher in older (1.47 ± 1.06 %) than young (0.41 ± 0.21 %) adults in the first sets, and improved to 0.67 ± 0.51 % in the final sets in older adults only. There was no significant difference in neural drive variability between older and young adults. Our results suggest that repetition improves angular steadiness in older adults. However, this effect could not be explained by neural output which is estimated from lower threshold motor units that are continuously active.

了解老年人控制踏板位置角度的能力,并研究是否可以通过练习提高这种能力,可能有助于预防交通事故。本研究旨在调查重复练习对老年人在汽车踏板操作过程中踏板位置变化和神经驱动力的影响。13 名老年人和 11 名年轻人进行了 105 次(21 组 × 5 次重复)跖屈肌收缩的踏板角度控制任务。对肱三头肌进行了高密度表面肌电图记录。利用持续活跃的运动单元活动计算出作为神经驱动力的累积尖峰列车。在第一组中,老年人的角度变异系数(1.47 ± 1.06 %)高于年轻人(0.41 ± 0.21 %),而在最后一组中,仅老年人的角度变异系数提高到 0.67 ± 0.51 %。老年人和年轻人的神经驱动变异性没有明显差异。我们的研究结果表明,重复训练可提高老年人的角度稳定性。然而,这种效果无法用神经输出来解释,因为神经输出是由持续活跃的低阈值运动单元估算的。
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引用次数: 0
Added load increases the peak frequency of intermuscular coherence 增加负荷可提高肌间连贯性的峰值频率
IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102881
Nicholas W. Baumgartner, Jacquelyn P. Hill, Shail Bhatnagar, Raymond Roos, Betty Soliven, Kourosh Rezania, Naoum P. Issa

Cortical motor neuron activity appears to drive lower motor neurons through two distinct frequency bands: the β range (15–30 Hz) during weak muscle contractions and γ range (30–50 Hz) during strong contractions. It is unknown whether the frequency of cortical drive shifts continuously or abruptly between the β and γ frequency bands as contraction strength changes. Intermuscular coherence (IMC) between synergistic arm muscles was used to assess how the frequency of common neuronal drive shifts with increasing contraction strength. Muscle activity was recorded by surface electromyography (EMG) from the biceps and brachioradialis in nine healthy adults performing 30-second isometric holds with added loads. IMC was calculated across the two muscle groups during the isometric contraction. Significant IMC was present in the 20 to 50 Hz range with all loads. Repeated measures ANOVA show the peak frequency of IMC increased significantly when load was added, from a peak of 32.7 Hz with no added load, to 35.3 Hz, 35.7 Hz, and 36.3 Hz with three-, five-, and ten-pound loads respectively. An increase in IMC frequency occurs in response to added load, suggesting that cortical drive functions over a range of frequencies as a function of an isometric contraction against load.

大脑皮层运动神经元的活动似乎通过两个不同的频带驱动下级运动神经元:在肌肉弱收缩时为β范围(15-30 Hz),在肌肉强收缩时为γ范围(30-50 Hz)。目前还不清楚随着收缩强度的变化,大脑皮层驱动的频率是持续还是突然在 β 和 γ 频带之间移动。协同手臂肌肉之间的肌间连贯性(IMC)被用来评估共同神经元驱动的频率是如何随着收缩强度的增加而变化的。研究人员通过表面肌电图(EMG)记录了九名健康成年人肱二头肌和肱三头肌的肌肉活动,这些肌肉在进行 30 秒等长保持并增加负荷时的肌肉活动。在等长收缩过程中,计算了两组肌肉的 IMC。在所有负荷下,20 至 50 Hz 范围内均存在显著的 IMC。重复测量方差分析显示,当增加负荷时,IMC 的峰值频率显著增加,从未加负荷时的 32.7 Hz 峰值增加到加三磅、五磅和十磅负荷时的 35.3 Hz、35.7 Hz 和 36.3 Hz 峰值。IMC 频率的增加是对增加负荷的反应,这表明大脑皮层驱动在一定频率范围内发挥作用,是等长收缩对抗负荷的函数。
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引用次数: 0
Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Checklist for reporting and critically appraising studies using EMG (CEDE-Check) 肌电图实验设计共识(CEDE)项目:肌电图研究报告和批判性评估核对表(CEDE-Check)
IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102874
Manuela Besomi , Valter Devecchi , Deborah Falla , Kevin McGill , Matthew C. Kiernan , Roberto Merletti , Jaap H. van Dieën , Kylie Tucker , Edward A. Clancy , Karen Søgaard , François Hug , Richard G. Carson , Eric Perreault , Simon Gandevia , Thor Besier , John C. Rothwell , Roger M. Enoka , Aleš Holobar , Catherine Disselhorst-Klug , Tim Wrigley , Paul W. Hodges

The diversity in electromyography (EMG) techniques and their reporting present significant challenges across multiple disciplines in research and clinical practice, where EMG is commonly used. To address these challenges and augment the reproducibility and interpretation of studies using EMG, the Consensus for Experimental Design in Electromyography (CEDE) project has developed a checklist (CEDE-Check) to assist researchers to thoroughly report their EMG methodologies. Development involved a multi-stage Delphi process with seventeen EMG experts from various disciplines. After two rounds, consensus was achieved. The final CEDE-Check consists of forty items that address four critical areas that demand precise reporting when EMG is employed: the task investigated, electrode placement, recording electrode characteristics, and acquisition and pre-processing of EMG signals. This checklist aims to guide researchers to accurately report and critically appraise EMG studies, thereby promoting a standardised critical evaluation, and greater scientific rigor in research that uses EMG signals. This approach not only aims to facilitate interpretation of study results and comparisons between studies, but it is also expected to contribute to advancing research quality and facilitate clinical and other practical applications of knowledge generated through the use of EMG.

肌电图(EMG)技术及其报告的多样性给常用肌电图的研究和临床实践中的多个学科带来了重大挑战。为了应对这些挑战,提高肌电图研究的可重复性和解释性,肌电图实验设计共识(CEDE)项目开发了一份核对表(CEDE-Check),以帮助研究人员全面报告其肌电图方法。开发工作包括与来自不同学科的 17 位 EMG 专家进行多阶段德尔菲过程。经过两轮讨论后,达成了共识。最终的 CEDE-Check 包括四十个项目,涉及使用 EMG 时需要精确报告的四个关键领域:调查任务、电极放置、记录电极特性以及 EMG 信号的采集和预处理。该核对表旨在指导研究人员准确报告和批判性评估 EMG 研究,从而促进标准化的批判性评估,提高使用 EMG 信号的研究的科学严谨性。这种方法不仅旨在促进对研究结果的解释和研究之间的比较,还可望有助于提高研究质量,促进通过使用肌电图产生的知识的临床和其他实际应用。
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引用次数: 0
NeuroMechanics: Electrophysiological and computational methods to accurately estimate the neural drive to muscles in humans in vivo 神经力学:电生理学和计算方法,用于准确估算体内神经对人体肌肉的驱动力
IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102873
Arnault H. Caillet , Andrew T.M. Phillips , Luca Modenese , Dario Farina

The ultimate neural signal for muscle control is the neural drive sent from the spinal cord to muscles. This neural signal comprises the ensemble of action potentials discharged by the active spinal motoneurons, which is transmitted to the innervated muscle fibres to generate forces. Accurately estimating the neural drive to muscles in humans in vivo is challenging since it requires the identification of the activity of a sample of motor units (MUs) that is representative of the active MU population. Current electrophysiological recordings usually fail in this task by identifying small MU samples with over-representation of higher-threshold with respect to lower-threshold MUs. Here, we describe recent advances in electrophysiological methods that allow the identification of more representative samples of greater numbers of MUs than previously possible. This is obtained with large and very dense arrays of electromyographic electrodes. Moreover, recently developed computational methods of data augmentation further extend experimental MU samples to infer the activity of the full MU pool. In conclusion, the combination of new electrode technologies and computational modelling allows for an accurate estimate of the neural drive to muscles and opens new perspectives in the study of the neural control of movement and in neural interfacing.

肌肉控制的最终神经信号是从脊髓发送到肌肉的神经驱动力。这种神经信号由活跃的脊髓运动神经元释放的动作电位集合组成,并传递给受支配的肌肉纤维以产生力量。准确估算人体体内肌肉的神经驱动力具有挑战性,因为这需要识别能代表活跃运动单元群的运动单元(MU)样本的活动。目前的电生理记录通常无法完成这项任务,因为所识别的运动单元样本较小,阈值较高的运动单元与阈值较低的运动单元相比代表性过高。在这里,我们将介绍电生理方法的最新进展,与以前相比,这些方法可以识别出更多具有代表性的 MU 样本。这可以通过大型高密度肌电图电极阵列来实现。此外,最近开发的数据增强计算方法进一步扩展了实验性肌单位样本,从而推断出整个肌单位池的活动。总之,新电极技术与计算建模相结合,可以准确估计肌肉的神经驱动力,为运动神经控制和神经接口研究开辟了新的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Whole-body kinematics of squats two decades following anterior cruciate ligament injury 前十字韧带损伤二十年后深蹲的全身运动学特性
IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102870
Ann-Katrin Stensdotter , Lina Schelin , Charlotte K. Häger

Background

Kinematic studies suggest that injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) leads to long-lasting movement deficits or compensations to unload the injured knee. This study evaluated lower body kinematics during squats in individuals who suffered unilateral ACL-injury more than 20 years ago. Method: Using motion capture, we compared maximum squat depth, time to complete the squat task, detailed kinematics, estimated kinetic-chain joint moments 0- 80° knee flexion, and weight distribution between legs across three groups with (ACLR, n = 27) and without ACL-reconstructive surgery (ACLPT, physiotherapy only, n = 28), and age-matched non-injured asymptomatic Controls (n = 31, average age across groups 47 years). Results: ACLPT demonstrated significantly reduced squat depth compared to Controls (p = 0.004), whereas ACLR performed similarly to Controls (p = 1.000). Other outcome variables were comparable between groups. All participants nevertheless demonstrated asymmetric weight distribution between legs but without systematic unloading of the injured side in the ACLgroups. Conclusion: Expected compensatory strategies were not found in the ACL-groups, while poorer squat performance in the ACL-deficient group may depend on pure knee-joint mechanics, or lifestyle factors attributed to a less stable knee decades after ACL-injury.

背景运动学研究表明,前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤会导致长期的运动障碍或代偿,以减轻受伤膝关节的负荷。本研究评估了 20 多年前单侧前十字韧带损伤者在下蹲时的下半身运动学情况。方法:利用运动捕捉技术,我们比较了接受前交叉韧带重建手术(ACLR,n = 27)和未接受前交叉韧带重建手术(ACLPT,仅物理治疗,n = 28)的三组患者以及年龄匹配的非损伤无症状对照组(n = 31,各组平均年龄 47 岁)的最大下蹲深度、完成下蹲任务的时间、详细运动学数据、膝关节屈曲 0- 80° 的估计动链关节力矩以及双腿之间的重量分布。结果显示与对照组相比,前交叉韧带撕脱术明显降低了下蹲深度(p = 0.004),而前交叉韧带撕脱术的表现与对照组相似(p = 1.000)。其他结果变量在组间具有可比性。不过,所有参与者的双腿重量分布都不对称,但在前交叉韧带组中,受伤的一侧没有系统性的卸载。结论在前交叉韧带组中没有发现预期的补偿策略,而前交叉韧带缺损组的深蹲表现较差可能取决于纯粹的膝关节力学,或前交叉韧带损伤后几十年膝关节稳定性较差的生活方式因素。
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引用次数: 0
A fast gradient convolution kernel compensation method for surface electromyogram decomposition 用于表面肌电图分解的快速梯度卷积核补偿方法
IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102869
Chuang Lin , Ziwei Cui , Chen Chen , Yanhong Liu , Chen Chen , Ning Jiang

Decomposition of EMG signals provides the decoding of motor unit (MU) discharge timings. In this study, we propose a fast gradient convolution kernel compensation (fgCKC) decomposition algorithm for high-density surface EMG decomposition and apply it to an offline and real-time estimation of MU spike trains. We modified the calculation of the cross-correlation vectors to improve the calculation efficiency of the gradient convolution kernel compensation (gCKC) algorithm. Specifically, the new fgCKC algorithm considers the past gradient in addition to the current gradient. Furthermore, the EMG signals are divided by sliding windows to simulate real-time decomposition, and the proposed algorithm was validated on simulated and experimental signals. In the offline decomposition, fgCKC has the same robustness as gCKC, with sensitivity differences of 2.6 ± 1.3 % averaged across all trials and subjects. Nevertheless, depending on the number of MUs and the signal-to-noise ratio of signals, fgCKC is approximately 3 times faster than gCKC. In the real-time part, the processing only needed 240 ms average per window of EMG signals on a regular personal computer (IIntel(R) Core(TM) i5-12490F 3 GHz, 16 GB memory). These results indicate that fgCKC achieves real-time decomposition by significantly reducing processing time, providing more possibilities for non-invasive neuronal behavior research.

肌电信号的分解提供了运动单元(MU)放电时序的解码。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种用于高密度表面肌电信号分解的快速梯度卷积核补偿(fgCKC)分解算法,并将其应用于离线和实时估算 MU 尖峰列车。我们修改了交叉相关向量的计算方法,以提高梯度卷积核补偿(gCKC)算法的计算效率。具体来说,新的 fgCKC 算法除了考虑当前梯度外,还考虑了过去的梯度。此外,用滑动窗口分割肌电信号以模拟实时分解,并在模拟和实验信号上验证了所提出的算法。在离线分解中,fgCKC 与 gCKC 具有相同的鲁棒性,所有试验和受试者的灵敏度差异平均为 2.6 ± 1.3 %。不过,根据单元数和信号的信噪比,fgCKC 比 gCKC 快约 3 倍。在实时部分,在一台普通个人电脑(Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-12490F 3 GHz,16 GB 内存)上处理每个窗口的肌电信号平均只需要 240 次。这些结果表明,fgCKC 通过大幅缩短处理时间实现了实时分解,为无创神经元行为研究提供了更多可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of combined lumbar spine fusion and total hip arthroplasty on spine, pelvis, and hip kinematics during a sit to stand task 联合腰椎融合术和全髋关节置换术对从坐到站任务中脊柱、骨盆和髋关节运动学的影响
IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102871
Shawn M. Robbins , Evangelos Tyrpenou , Soomin Lee , Patrick Ippersiel , John Antoniou

Lumbar fusion is a risk factor for hip dislocation following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The objective was to compare joint/segment angles during sit-stand-sit in participants that had a THA with and without a lumbar fusion. The secondary objective was to compare pain, physical function, disability, and quality of life. This cross-sectional study includes participants that had THA and lumbar fusion (THA-fusion; n = 12) or THA only (THA-only; n = 12). Participants completed sit-stand-sit trials. Joint/segment angles were measured using electromagnetic motion capture. Angle characteristics were determined using principal component analysis. Hierarchical linear models examined relationships between angle characteristics and groups. Pain, physical function, and disability were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. Upper lumbar spine was more extended during sit-stand-sit in the THA-fusion group (b = 42.41, P = 0.04). The pelvis was more posteriorly and anteriorly tilted during down and end sit-stand-sit phases, respectively, in the THA-fusion group (b = 12.21, P = 0.03). There were no significant associations between group and other angles. THA-fusion group had worse pain, physical function, disability, and quality of life. Although differences in spine joint, pelvis segment, and hip joint angles existed, these findings are unlikely to account for the increased incidence of hip dislocation after total hip arthroplasty in patients that had spine fusion.

腰椎融合是全髋关节置换术(THA)后髋关节脱位的一个风险因素。该研究的目的是比较做过全髋关节置换术和没有做过腰椎融合术的受试者在坐立时的关节/节段角度。次要目标是比较疼痛、身体功能、残疾和生活质量。这项横断面研究的参与者包括接受过THA和腰椎融合术(THA-融合术;n = 12)或仅接受过THA(仅THA;n = 12)的患者。参与者完成了坐立试验。使用电磁运动捕捉测量关节/节段角度。使用主成分分析确定角度特征。层次线性模型检验了角度特征与组别之间的关系。疼痛、身体功能和残疾情况通过曼-惠特尼 U 检验进行比较。在THA-融合组中,坐立时上腰椎的伸展度更大(b = 42.41,P = 0.04)。在THA-融合组中,骨盆在下坐和坐立结束阶段分别更加后倾和前倾(b = 12.21,P = 0.03)。各组与其他角度之间无明显关联。THA-融合组的疼痛、身体功能、残疾和生活质量更差。虽然脊柱关节、骨盆节段和髋关节角度存在差异,但这些发现不太可能是脊柱融合患者在全髋关节置换术后髋关节脱位发生率增加的原因。
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引用次数: 0
How many motor units is enough? An assessment of the influence of the number of motor units on firing rate calculations 多少个运动单位才足够?评估运动单元数量对点火率计算的影响
IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102872
Michael J. Marsala , David A. Gabriel , J. Greig Inglis , Anita D. Christie

The number of motor units included in calculations of mean firing rates varies widely in the literature. It is unknown how the number of decomposed motor units included in the calculation of firing rate per participant compares to the total number of active motor units in the muscle, and if this is different for males and females. Bootstrapped distributions and confidence intervals (CI) of mean motor unit firing rates decomposed from the tibialis anterior were used to represent the total number of active motor units for individual participants in trials from 20 to 100 % of maximal voluntary contraction. Bootstrapped distributions of mean firing rates were constructed using different numbers of motor units, from one to the maximum number for each participant, and compared to the CIs. A probability measure for each number of motor units involved in firing rate was calculated and then averaged across all individuals. Motor unit numbers required for similar levels of probability increased as contraction intensity increased (p < 0.001). Increased levels of probability also required higher numbers of motor units (p < 0.001). There was no effect of sex (p ≥ 0.97) for any comparison. This methodology should be repeated in other muscles, and aged populations.

在文献中,计算平均发射率时所包含的运动单位数量差异很大。目前还不清楚在计算每位参与者的发射率时所包含的分解运动单位数量与肌肉中活跃运动单位总数的比较情况,以及男性和女性的情况是否不同。胫骨前肌分解出的平均运动单位发射率的引导分布和置信区间(CI)被用来表示在最大自主收缩20%到100%的试验中每个参与者的活动运动单位总数。使用不同数量的运动单位(每个参与者从一个到最大数量)构建平均发射率的 Bootstrapped 分布,并与 CIs 进行比较。计算出参与发射率的每个运动单位数量的概率度量,然后求出所有个体的平均值。随着收缩强度的增加,类似概率水平所需的运动单位数量也在增加(p < 0.001)。概率水平的增加也需要更多的运动单位(p <0.001)。在任何比较中,性别都没有影响(p ≥ 0.97)。这种方法应在其他肌肉和老年人群中重复使用。
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引用次数: 0
Spatiotemporal lower-limb asymmetries during stair descent in athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction 前十字韧带重建后运动员下楼梯时的下肢时空不对称现象
IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102868
Dario G. Liebermann , Jonas L. Markström , Jonas Selling , Charlotte K. Häger

Purpose

This study evaluated motor control recovery at different times following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) by investigating lower-limb spatiotemporal symmetry during stair descent performances.

Methods

We used a cross-sectional design to compare asymptomatic athletes (Controls, n = 18) with a group of people with ACLR (n = 49) divided into three time-from-ACLR subgroups (Early: <6 months, n = 17; Mid: 6–18 months, n = 16; Late: ≥18 months, n = 16). We evaluated: “temporal symmetry” during the stance subphases (single-support, first and second double-support) and “spatial symmetry” for hip-knee-ankle intra-joint angular displacements during the stance phase using a dissimilarity index applied on superimposed 3D phase plots.

Results

We found significant between-group differences in temporal variables (p ≤ 0.001). Compared to Controls, both Early and Mid (p ≤ 0.05) showed asymmetry in the first double-support time (longer for their injured vs. non-injured leg), while Early generally also showed longer durations in all other phases, regardless of stepping leg. No statistically significant differences were found for spatial intra-joint symmetry between groups.

Conclusion

Temporal but not spatial asymmetry in stair descent is often present early after ACLR; it may remain for up to 18 months and may underlie subtle intra- and inter-joint compensations. Spatial asymmetry may need further exploration.

方法 我们采用横断面设计,将无症状运动员(对照组,n = 18)与前交叉韧带重建(ACLR)患者(n = 49)分为三组(早期:6 个月,n = 17;中期:6-18 个月,n = 16;晚期:≥18 个月,n = 16)进行比较:6-18个月,n = 16;晚期:≥18个月,n = 16)。我们评估了"结果我们发现,各组间在时间变量上存在显著差异(p ≤ 0.001)。与对照组相比,早期组和中期组(p ≤ 0.05)在第一次双支撑时间上表现出不对称性(受伤腿与未受伤腿相比时间更长),而早期组在所有其他阶段也表现出更长的持续时间,与踩踏腿无关。结论前交叉韧带置换术后早期通常会出现下楼梯的时间不对称,但不是空间不对称;这种不对称可能会持续长达 18 个月,并且可能是关节内和关节间微妙代偿的基础。空间不对称可能需要进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
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