Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3475928
T. Ruekamnuaychok;J. Zhong;S. Sudhoff;R. Swanson;A. Sah;H. Singh;N. Aronhime;E. Schultz
Homopolar AC Machines (HAMs) are of interest because of low rotor loss and the ability to operate at high speeds. These machines are frequently utilized in flywheel energy storage systems but are dominated by permanent magnet or induction machines in other contexts such as vehicle traction. The aim of this work is to explore a new type of homopolar machine. The Dual Rotor Homopolar AC Machine (DHAM) is proposed herein. The fundamental operating principles of the DHAM are explained, and its torque production and terminal characteristics are outlined. The permanent magnet version of the machine is shown to achieve an extended constant power speed range without impacting the PM field intensity, allowing the use of magnet materials with modest values of intrinsic coercive force. The machine includes a modular sectionalized stator, which is easy to wind and cool. The DHAM relies on sinusoidal airgap reluctances, and so the necessary rotor geometry is derived. A prototype machine is used to validate the operating principle.
{"title":"A Novel Dual-Rotor Homopolar AC Machine","authors":"T. Ruekamnuaychok;J. Zhong;S. Sudhoff;R. Swanson;A. Sah;H. Singh;N. Aronhime;E. Schultz","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3475928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3475928","url":null,"abstract":"Homopolar AC Machines (HAMs) are of interest because of low rotor loss and the ability to operate at high speeds. These machines are frequently utilized in flywheel energy storage systems but are dominated by permanent magnet or induction machines in other contexts such as vehicle traction. The aim of this work is to explore a new type of homopolar machine. The Dual Rotor Homopolar AC Machine (DHAM) is proposed herein. The fundamental operating principles of the DHAM are explained, and its torque production and terminal characteristics are outlined. The permanent magnet version of the machine is shown to achieve an extended constant power speed range without impacting the PM field intensity, allowing the use of magnet materials with modest values of intrinsic coercive force. The machine includes a modular sectionalized stator, which is easy to wind and cool. The DHAM relies on sinusoidal airgap reluctances, and so the necessary rotor geometry is derived. A prototype machine is used to validate the operating principle.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10713341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3477630
Lixian Shi;Qiushi Cui;Yang Weng;Yigong Zhang;Shilong Chen;Jian Li;Wenyuan Li
Incipient faults (IFs) are abnormal states before the permanent failure of power equipment. IFs are typically transient and generally do not trigger the operation of relay protection devices. This leads the difficulty in capturing IF data from waveform monitoring or recording devices. However, traditional detection methods cannot achieve satisfactory performance when faced with limited data. Besides, some signal analysis methods based on waveform conversion to images cannot obtain understandable image data and cannot analyze both current and voltage signals simultaneously. To resolve these problems, a few-shot meta-learning framework for incipient fault detection (FSMLF-IFD) is proposed in this paper. For better data processing, a waveform image conversion strategy is proposed to convert waveforms into understandable images from the time domain perspective. Then, an adaptive image fusion strategy is developed to concurrently analyze voltage and current images. Next, at the meta-training stage, an adaptability-enhancing weighting initialization strategy is constructed to address the data differences between the meta-training stage and IF detection stage. Finally, an IF detection model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is obtained through the fine-tuning process. In the numerical results, the IF detection and classification accuracy of FSMLF-IFD reached 0.9720 and 0.9840 based on simulation and field IF data, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
初期故障 (IF) 是指电力设备发生永久性故障之前的异常状态。IF 通常是瞬时的，一般不会触发继电保护装置的动作。这就导致很难从波形监测或记录设备中获取 IF 数据。然而，面对有限的数据，传统的检测方法无法达到令人满意的效果。此外，一些基于波形转换为图像的信号分析方法无法获得可理解的图像数据，也无法同时分析电流和电压信号。为了解决这些问题，本文提出了一种用于初发故障检测的少量元学习框架（FSMLF-IFD）。为了更好地处理数据，本文提出了一种波形图像转换策略，从时域角度将波形转换为可理解的图像。然后，开发了一种自适应图像融合策略，以同时分析电压和电流图像。接着，在元训练阶段，构建了适应性增强加权初始化策略，以解决元训练阶段和中频检测阶段之间的数据差异。最后，通过微调过程得到基于卷积神经网络（CNN）的中频检测模型。数值结果表明，基于模拟和现场中频数据，FSMLF-IFD 的中频检测和分类精度分别达到了 0.9720 和 0.9840，验证了所提方法的有效性。
{"title":"Learning Power Systems Waveform Incipient Patterns Through Few-Shot Meta-Learning","authors":"Lixian Shi;Qiushi Cui;Yang Weng;Yigong Zhang;Shilong Chen;Jian Li;Wenyuan Li","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3477630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3477630","url":null,"abstract":"Incipient faults (IFs) are abnormal states before the permanent failure of power equipment. IFs are typically transient and generally do not trigger the operation of relay protection devices. This leads the difficulty in capturing IF data from waveform monitoring or recording devices. However, traditional detection methods cannot achieve satisfactory performance when faced with limited data. Besides, some signal analysis methods based on waveform conversion to images cannot obtain understandable image data and cannot analyze both current and voltage signals simultaneously. To resolve these problems, a few-shot meta-learning framework for incipient fault detection (FSMLF-IFD) is proposed in this paper. For better data processing, a waveform image conversion strategy is proposed to convert waveforms into understandable images from the time domain perspective. Then, an adaptive image fusion strategy is developed to concurrently analyze voltage and current images. Next, at the meta-training stage, an adaptability-enhancing weighting initialization strategy is constructed to address the data differences between the meta-training stage and IF detection stage. Finally, an IF detection model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is obtained through the fine-tuning process. In the numerical results, the IF detection and classification accuracy of FSMLF-IFD reached 0.9720 and 0.9840 based on simulation and field IF data, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10713429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3459002
Yuling Wang;Vijay Vittal
In recent years, there has been an increasing need for effective voltage control methods in power systems due to the growing complexity and dynamic nature of practical power grid operations. To enhance the controller’s resilience in addressing communication failures, a dynamic voltage control method employing distributed execution multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(DRL) is proposed. The proposed method follows a centralized training and decentralized execution based approach. Each agent has independent actor neural networks to output generator control commands and critic neural networks that evaluate command performance. Detailed dynamic models are integrated for agent training to effectively capture the system’s dynamic behavior following disturbances. Subsequent to training, each agent possesses the capability to autonomously generate control commands utilizing only local information. Simulation outcomes underscore the efficacy of the distributed execution multi-agent DRL controller, showcasing its capability in not only providing voltage support but also effectively handling communication failures among agents.
{"title":"Data Driven Real-Time Dynamic Voltage Control Using Decentralized Execution Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Yuling Wang;Vijay Vittal","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3459002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3459002","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been an increasing need for effective voltage control methods in power systems due to the growing complexity and dynamic nature of practical power grid operations. To enhance the controller’s resilience in addressing communication failures, a dynamic voltage control method employing distributed execution multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(DRL) is proposed. The proposed method follows a centralized training and decentralized execution based approach. Each agent has independent actor neural networks to output generator control commands and critic neural networks that evaluate command performance. Detailed dynamic models are integrated for agent training to effectively capture the system’s dynamic behavior following disturbances. Subsequent to training, each agent possesses the capability to autonomously generate control commands utilizing only local information. Simulation outcomes underscore the efficacy of the distributed execution multi-agent DRL controller, showcasing its capability in not only providing voltage support but also effectively handling communication failures among agents.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10679222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3457448
Rebecca O’Neil;Konstantinos Oikonomou;Vince Tidwell;Nathalie Voisin;Jessica Kerby;Z. Jason Hou;Masood Parvania;Ali T. Al-Awami;Mathaios Panteli;Steven A. Conrad;Ted K. A. Brekken
Energy and water systems are deeply interdependent yet organized and managed into separate sectors. Although technological innovations emerge at the intersection of energy and water, these sectors largely operate independently, despite their mutual importance. This persistent challenge is structural, as the sectors are organized and managed as separate systems. More can be done to integrate these sectors for mutual benefit and resilience. This paper provides an overview and a useful categorization of six research areas that bridge the water and energy sectors: integrated planning, integrated operations, data and analytics, policy and economics, hydropower and marine energy, and resilience. The authors lead the IEEE Power & Energy Society Task Force on Water-Power Systems (WPS), which represents an international and rapidly growing collaboration across both energy and water sectors to find common areas of cooperation and innovation. Through the collective efforts of this Task Force, a comprehensive roadmap on water power systems integration was issued in 2023. The paper presents evidence that coordinated efforts in data analytics, policy, and economic interventions can significantly advance hydropower, marine energy, and energy storage technologies, ultimately enhancing the resilience and efficiency of both water and power infrastructures.
{"title":"Global Research Priorities for Holistic Integration of Water and Power Systems","authors":"Rebecca O’Neil;Konstantinos Oikonomou;Vince Tidwell;Nathalie Voisin;Jessica Kerby;Z. Jason Hou;Masood Parvania;Ali T. Al-Awami;Mathaios Panteli;Steven A. Conrad;Ted K. A. Brekken","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3457448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3457448","url":null,"abstract":"Energy and water systems are deeply interdependent yet organized and managed into separate sectors. Although technological innovations emerge at the intersection of energy and water, these sectors largely operate independently, despite their mutual importance. This persistent challenge is structural, as the sectors are organized and managed as separate systems. More can be done to integrate these sectors for mutual benefit and resilience. This paper provides an overview and a useful categorization of six research areas that bridge the water and energy sectors: integrated planning, integrated operations, data and analytics, policy and economics, hydropower and marine energy, and resilience. The authors lead the IEEE Power & Energy Society Task Force on Water-Power Systems (WPS), which represents an international and rapidly growing collaboration across both energy and water sectors to find common areas of cooperation and innovation. Through the collective efforts of this Task Force, a comprehensive roadmap on water power systems integration was issued in 2023. The paper presents evidence that coordinated efforts in data analytics, policy, and economic interventions can significantly advance hydropower, marine energy, and energy storage technologies, ultimately enhancing the resilience and efficiency of both water and power infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10674014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3455756
I. Vicente;A. Arrinda;J. E. Rodríguez-Seco;L. Piyasinghe
In the low-voltage distribution system of the USA, Canada and some countries of Central and South America, the most used configuration is the single-phase three-wire system (120 V/240 V) also known as the split-phase distribution system. When the neutral wire of the distribution system gets damaged or broken the current returns through the ground and a floating neutral condition arises. Service to the house continues without interruptions because no high over-currents come up. If the return path impedance is high enough, the equally balanced voltage system gets shifted, going out of boundaries and causing malfunctions in the appliances or even fire. A new classification-based detector is proposed to detect this condition, which only needs current measurements that the actual generation of form 2S meter gathers. Moreover, due to the simplicity of the algorithm, it can be embedded in the current generation of meters, which represents great potential of the detector. To that end, the low-voltage distribution system is modelled using a real database and some assumptions are made. The proposed novel detector approach shows zero false alarms in the houses tested and a detection time that allows the fault to be detected before significant damage occurs to the house.
{"title":"Floating Neutral Detection Using Actual Generation of Form 2S Meters","authors":"I. Vicente;A. Arrinda;J. E. Rodríguez-Seco;L. Piyasinghe","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3455756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3455756","url":null,"abstract":"In the low-voltage distribution system of the USA, Canada and some countries of Central and South America, the most used configuration is the single-phase three-wire system (120 V/240 V) also known as the split-phase distribution system. When the neutral wire of the distribution system gets damaged or broken the current returns through the ground and a floating neutral condition arises. Service to the house continues without interruptions because no high over-currents come up. If the return path impedance is high enough, the equally balanced voltage system gets shifted, going out of boundaries and causing malfunctions in the appliances or even fire. A new classification-based detector is proposed to detect this condition, which only needs current measurements that the actual generation of form 2S meter gathers. Moreover, due to the simplicity of the algorithm, it can be embedded in the current generation of meters, which represents great potential of the detector. To that end, the low-voltage distribution system is modelled using a real database and some assumptions are made. The proposed novel detector approach shows zero false alarms in the houses tested and a detection time that allows the fault to be detected before significant damage occurs to the house.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10669081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3451501
Ujjwol Tamrakar;Niranjan Bhujel;Tu A. Nguyen;Raymond H. Byrne;Babu Chalamala
Energy storage systems (ESSs) are a flexible resource that will be vital to meet the aggressive clean energy targets of the future. However, the economic gains from ESSs can be limited due to large capital investments and monetization challenges. It is thus desirable to utilize ESSs for multiple techno-economic benefits to justify deployment costs. In this work, a framework to simultaneously dispatch ESSs for energy arbitrage and power quality applications is presented. More specifically, a model predictive control (MPC)-based framework that can dispatch energy storage to accomplish multiple techno-economic objectives is proposed. This is achieved without impacting market revenues while satisfying all power system and ESS constraints. Simulation results indicate that power quality applications such as voltage regulation and power factor correction can be stacked with arbitrage without significantly impacting arbitrage revenues and in some cases even improving the revenues. A controller-hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) study of the proposed framework is also performed to demonstrate the practical feasibility of the framework.
{"title":"A Model Predictive Control Framework for Combining Energy Arbitrage and Power Quality Applications From Energy Storage Systems","authors":"Ujjwol Tamrakar;Niranjan Bhujel;Tu A. Nguyen;Raymond H. Byrne;Babu Chalamala","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3451501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3451501","url":null,"abstract":"Energy storage systems (ESSs) are a flexible resource that will be vital to meet the aggressive clean energy targets of the future. However, the economic gains from ESSs can be limited due to large capital investments and monetization challenges. It is thus desirable to utilize ESSs for multiple techno-economic benefits to justify deployment costs. In this work, a framework to simultaneously dispatch ESSs for energy arbitrage and power quality applications is presented. More specifically, a model predictive control (MPC)-based framework that can dispatch energy storage to accomplish multiple techno-economic objectives is proposed. This is achieved without impacting market revenues while satisfying all power system and ESS constraints. Simulation results indicate that power quality applications such as voltage regulation and power factor correction can be stacked with arbitrage without significantly impacting arbitrage revenues and in some cases even improving the revenues. A controller-hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) study of the proposed framework is also performed to demonstrate the practical feasibility of the framework.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10659047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3449346
Levi Bieber;Liwei Wang;Juri Jatskevich
This paper outlines a method enabling the quick and accurate calculation of semiconductor conduction and switching losses of multilevel voltage-sourced converters. The proposed method needs only the equations defining the voltages and currents of the converter’s stacks of submodules and director switch valves to calculate the overall converter semiconductor losses, thereby accelerating the design cycle of novel converter topologies. For any defined operating point, the method quickly returns the semiconductor losses, making it straightforward to sweep across a converter’s range of operation, enabling quick comparison with other well-known, state-of-the-art converters. The method is derived for any generic multilevel converter, while examples of its application to the hybrid three-level converter, which is composed of both stacks and director switches, validate its accuracy. The method is further applied to the extended-overlap alternate-arm converter, also composed of stacks and director switches, providing further evidence of the method’s consistency. To validate the results, the semiconductor losses obtained from detailed simulations of a 600kV, 1GVA VSC-HVDC converter test system are compared against the proposed method, which demonstrate exceptional agreement. The relative errors in overall semiconductor losses between the simulation and the proposed method for the H3LC and EO-AAC are 0.76% and 0.94%, respectively.
{"title":"Numerically Efficient and Accurate Analytical Converter Semiconductor Loss Calculation for Hybrid and Modular Multilevel Converters in VSC-HVDC Applications","authors":"Levi Bieber;Liwei Wang;Juri Jatskevich","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3449346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3449346","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines a method enabling the quick and accurate calculation of semiconductor conduction and switching losses of multilevel voltage-sourced converters. The proposed method needs only the equations defining the voltages and currents of the converter’s stacks of submodules and director switch valves to calculate the overall converter semiconductor losses, thereby accelerating the design cycle of novel converter topologies. For any defined operating point, the method quickly returns the semiconductor losses, making it straightforward to sweep across a converter’s range of operation, enabling quick comparison with other well-known, state-of-the-art converters. The method is derived for any generic multilevel converter, while examples of its application to the hybrid three-level converter, which is composed of both stacks and director switches, validate its accuracy. The method is further applied to the extended-overlap alternate-arm converter, also composed of stacks and director switches, providing further evidence of the method’s consistency. To validate the results, the semiconductor losses obtained from detailed simulations of a 600kV, 1GVA VSC-HVDC converter test system are compared against the proposed method, which demonstrate exceptional agreement. The relative errors in overall semiconductor losses between the simulation and the proposed method for the H3LC and EO-AAC are 0.76% and 0.94%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10646396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3447883
Andrew J. Hutchinson;Daniel T. Gladwin
With National Grid ESO introducing a suite of new Frequency Response Services for the GB electricity market, there is an opportunity to investigate the ability of low-energy capacity storage systems to participate in the frequency response market. In this study, the effects of varying the response envelope of the frequency response service on the performance of a standalone Flywheel Energy Storage System is assessed. In doing so, a new Frequency Response Service that would allow flywheels and other high-power, low-energy storage devices to participate in the frequency response market as standalone systems is designed. This results in a 20C FESS achieving a 95% availability over the course of a year of operation, representing an excellent level of performance under existing market conditions. This work shows that a far wider range of energy storage mediums have the capability to provide meaningful contributions to grid frequency control than was previously assumed. It is also shown for the first time that through tailoring a service to the advantages of a flywheel, significant economic benefits can be achieved, culminating in showing that a 20C FESS could provide a positive economic performance up to a total capital cost of £3,364/kW under current market conditions.
{"title":"Flywheel Energy Storage for Ancillary Services: A Novel Design and Simulation of a Continuous Frequency Response Service for Energy Limited Assets","authors":"Andrew J. Hutchinson;Daniel T. Gladwin","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3447883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3447883","url":null,"abstract":"With National Grid ESO introducing a suite of new Frequency Response Services for the GB electricity market, there is an opportunity to investigate the ability of low-energy capacity storage systems to participate in the frequency response market. In this study, the effects of varying the response envelope of the frequency response service on the performance of a standalone Flywheel Energy Storage System is assessed. In doing so, a new Frequency Response Service that would allow flywheels and other high-power, low-energy storage devices to participate in the frequency response market as standalone systems is designed. This results in a 20C FESS achieving a 95% availability over the course of a year of operation, representing an excellent level of performance under existing market conditions. This work shows that a far wider range of energy storage mediums have the capability to provide meaningful contributions to grid frequency control than was previously assumed. It is also shown for the first time that through tailoring a service to the advantages of a flywheel, significant economic benefits can be achieved, culminating in showing that a 20C FESS could provide a positive economic performance up to a total capital cost of £3,364/kW under current market conditions.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10643620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3444272
Min Xiong;Kaiyang Huang;Yang Liu;Rui Yao;Kai Sun;Feng Qiu
This paper proposes a semi-analytical approach for efficient and accurate electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation of a power grid. The approach first derives a high-order semi-analytical solution (SAS) of the grid’s state-space EMT model using the differential transformation (DT), and then evaluates the solution over enlarged, variable time steps to significantly accelerate the simulations while maintaining its high accuracy on detailed fast EMT dynamics. The approach also addresses switches during large time steps by using a limit violation detection algorithm with a binary search-enhanced quadratic interpolation. Case studies are conducted on EMT models of the IEEE 39-bus system and large-scale systems to demonstrate the merits of the new simulation approach against traditional numerical methods.
{"title":"A Semi-Analytical Approach for State-Space Electromagnetic Transient Simulation","authors":"Min Xiong;Kaiyang Huang;Yang Liu;Rui Yao;Kai Sun;Feng Qiu","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3444272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3444272","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a semi-analytical approach for efficient and accurate electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation of a power grid. The approach first derives a high-order semi-analytical solution (SAS) of the grid’s state-space EMT model using the differential transformation (DT), and then evaluates the solution over enlarged, variable time steps to significantly accelerate the simulations while maintaining its high accuracy on detailed fast EMT dynamics. The approach also addresses switches during large time steps by using a limit violation detection algorithm with a binary search-enhanced quadratic interpolation. Case studies are conducted on EMT models of the IEEE 39-bus system and large-scale systems to demonstrate the merits of the new simulation approach against traditional numerical methods.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10637418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a methodology for optimizing the short-term operation of electric vehicle (EV) charging and discharging while considering the potential curtailment of active power due to volt-var control (VVC) prioritizing reactive power output. The proposed approach involves exchanging information between the EV aggregator and the distribution system operator (DSO). This approach allows the EV aggregator to optimize EV charge/discharge schedules while considering voltage-related constraints in the distribution system (DS). Initially, the aggregator shares the optimized schedule with the DSO to estimate the anticipated active power reduction through power flow analysis. Subsequently, the aggregator revises the constraint on active power output to avoid its expected curtailment and performs a second optimization for EV charging and discharging operation. Numerical simulations conducted on a realistic DS model in Japan validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in enhancing profitability in the day-ahead market while ensuring the quality of DS voltage. The results demonstrate an increase in profit by shifting the time of EV charging and discharging based on shared information from the DSO.
{"title":"Optimal Short-Term Charge/Discharge Operation for Electric Vehicles With Volt-Var Control in Day-Ahead Electricity Market","authors":"Hiroshi Kikusato;Ryu Ando;Jun Hashimoto;Kenji Otani;Nanae Kaneko","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3444748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3444748","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology for optimizing the short-term operation of electric vehicle (EV) charging and discharging while considering the potential curtailment of active power due to volt-var control (VVC) prioritizing reactive power output. The proposed approach involves exchanging information between the EV aggregator and the distribution system operator (DSO). This approach allows the EV aggregator to optimize EV charge/discharge schedules while considering voltage-related constraints in the distribution system (DS). Initially, the aggregator shares the optimized schedule with the DSO to estimate the anticipated active power reduction through power flow analysis. Subsequently, the aggregator revises the constraint on active power output to avoid its expected curtailment and performs a second optimization for EV charging and discharging operation. Numerical simulations conducted on a realistic DS model in Japan validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in enhancing profitability in the day-ahead market while ensuring the quality of DS voltage. The results demonstrate an increase in profit by shifting the time of EV charging and discharging based on shared information from the DSO.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10637353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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