Pub Date : 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3614816
István Bara;Gautham RAM Chandra Mouli;Pavol Bauer
The increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) means both a challenge and an opportunity for the electric grid. Different charging algorithms have been proposed in the literature to tackle these specific challenges and make use of the potential services that EVs can provide. However, to properly investigate the conflicting objectives, a multi-objective approach is paramount. These algorithms provide a family of solutions instead of just one, so the decision-maker can see the connection and trade-offs between the objectives. This paper proposes a highly customisable multi-objective framework based on an expanded version of the augmented $varepsilon $ -constraint 2 method. Together with a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation, it is used to solve a charging station scheduling problem. An energy management system (EMS) executes the calculated schedules to show the effect on the individual EVs. Numerical simulations based on market and EV data from the Netherlands demonstrate the adaptability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
{"title":"Multi-Objective Optimization for Bidirectional Electric Vehicle Charging Stations","authors":"István Bara;Gautham RAM Chandra Mouli;Pavol Bauer","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3614816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3614816","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) means both a challenge and an opportunity for the electric grid. Different charging algorithms have been proposed in the literature to tackle these specific challenges and make use of the potential services that EVs can provide. However, to properly investigate the conflicting objectives, a multi-objective approach is paramount. These algorithms provide a family of solutions instead of just one, so the decision-maker can see the connection and trade-offs between the objectives. This paper proposes a highly customisable multi-objective framework based on an expanded version of the augmented <inline-formula> <tex-math>$varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-constraint 2 method. Together with a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation, it is used to solve a charging station scheduling problem. An energy management system (EMS) executes the calculated schedules to show the effect on the individual EVs. Numerical simulations based on market and EV data from the Netherlands demonstrate the adaptability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"652-663"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11181168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3612851
Xiao Zhang;Hao Liang;Yindi Jing
In power systems, disturbances often result from faults or operational events, making it crucial to accurately identify their sources to prevent system failures and maintain grid stability. Existing research primarily classifies disturbances based on waveform characteristics, such as sags, swells, and transients, without determining their root causes, including incipient faults, constant impedance faults, load switching, and capacitor switching events. This paper proposes a hypothesis testing-based scheme for classifying power distribution disturbances by their root causes, ensuring reliable and interpretable results without extensive datasets. The scheme uses discrete-time voltage and current measurements at substations to develop disturbance models for substation voltages, incorporating disturbance parameters and load impedance. Load impedance is estimated from recent normal cycles, and disturbance parameters are then derived using substation measurements and the estimated load impedance. By substituting these estimated parameters into the corresponding disturbance models, substation voltages for each disturbance type are estimated. The disturbance type is classified by selecting the one that minimizes the normalized mean square error between the estimated and measured substation voltages. The proposed method is evaluated using the IEEE 13-bus test feeder simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC and validated on a two-day real-world power system dataset collected by the IEEE Power & Energy Society Working Group on Power Quality Data Analytics.
{"title":"A Novel Hypothesis Testing-Based Scheme for Root Cause Classification of Disturbances in Distribution Systems","authors":"Xiao Zhang;Hao Liang;Yindi Jing","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3612851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3612851","url":null,"abstract":"In power systems, disturbances often result from faults or operational events, making it crucial to accurately identify their sources to prevent system failures and maintain grid stability. Existing research primarily classifies disturbances based on waveform characteristics, such as sags, swells, and transients, without determining their root causes, including incipient faults, constant impedance faults, load switching, and capacitor switching events. This paper proposes a hypothesis testing-based scheme for classifying power distribution disturbances by their root causes, ensuring reliable and interpretable results without extensive datasets. The scheme uses discrete-time voltage and current measurements at substations to develop disturbance models for substation voltages, incorporating disturbance parameters and load impedance. Load impedance is estimated from recent normal cycles, and disturbance parameters are then derived using substation measurements and the estimated load impedance. By substituting these estimated parameters into the corresponding disturbance models, substation voltages for each disturbance type are estimated. The disturbance type is classified by selecting the one that minimizes the normalized mean square error between the estimated and measured substation voltages. The proposed method is evaluated using the IEEE 13-bus test feeder simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC and validated on a two-day real-world power system dataset collected by the IEEE Power & Energy Society Working Group on Power Quality Data Analytics.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"637-651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11175217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3611293
Xinan Wang;Di Shi;Fengyu Wang
This paper presents a novel three-stage framework for real-time foreign object intrusion (FOI) detection and tracking in power transmission systems. The framework integrates: 1) a YOLOv7 segmentation model for fast and robust object localization, 2) a ConvNeXt-based feature extractor trained with triplet loss to generate discriminative embeddings, and 3) a feature-assisted IoU tracker that ensures resilient multi-object tracking under occlusion and motion. To enable scalable field deployment, the pipeline is optimized for deployment on low-cost edge hardware using mixed-precision inference. The system supports incremental updates by adding embeddings from previously unseen objects into a reference database without requiring model retraining. Extensive experiments on real-world surveillance and drone video datasets demonstrate the framework’s high accuracy and robustness across diverse FOI scenarios. In addition, hardware benchmarks on NVIDIA Jetson devices confirm the framework’s practicality and scalability for real-world edge applications.
{"title":"Real-Time Detection and Tracking of Foreign Object Intrusions in Power Systems via Feature-Based Edge Intelligence","authors":"Xinan Wang;Di Shi;Fengyu Wang","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3611293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3611293","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel three-stage framework for real-time foreign object intrusion (FOI) detection and tracking in power transmission systems. The framework integrates: 1) a YOLOv7 segmentation model for fast and robust object localization, 2) a ConvNeXt-based feature extractor trained with triplet loss to generate discriminative embeddings, and 3) a feature-assisted IoU tracker that ensures resilient multi-object tracking under occlusion and motion. To enable scalable field deployment, the pipeline is optimized for deployment on low-cost edge hardware using mixed-precision inference. The system supports incremental updates by adding embeddings from previously unseen objects into a reference database without requiring model retraining. Extensive experiments on real-world surveillance and drone video datasets demonstrate the framework’s high accuracy and robustness across diverse FOI scenarios. In addition, hardware benchmarks on NVIDIA Jetson devices confirm the framework’s practicality and scalability for real-world edge applications.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"625-636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11168407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing penetration of behind-the-meter (BTM) distributed energy resources (DERs) in the electricity grid will reduce the utilities’ net demand and increase customers’ profits through reduced electricity bills and compensation for excess generation via mechanisms such as net-metering credits. To recover lost revenue, distribution utilities, as asset operators—and retailers, as energy procurement entities, are often compelled to raise electricity prices. This, in turn, further incentivizes DERs adoption, potentially leading to a feedback loop of rising rates and declining demand that threatens the long-term financial sustainability of traditional utility models. In this context, there is a gap for innovative retailer business models in the era of increasing DERs. This paper focuses on identifying the dynamics underlying retail market operations and business sustainability in the era of increasing DERs. Accordingly, this paper proposes a dynamic retail market model that captures the interdependencies of market components and processes through non-linear causal relationships and feedback loops. This enables retailers to investigate their long-term business performance in prosumer-penetrated networks. Additionally, this work develops an integrated operation and planning framework for the techno-economic analysis and decision modeling of retailers, utilities, and customers in the retail market paradigm. Using the developed framework, this work further proposes two alternative retailer business models that enhance retailers’ long-term business sustainability and customers’ economic viability. Analytical studies evaluate the business models and present recommendations to ensure the financial sustainablility. The results demonstrate that the proposed subscription-based models can successfully mitigate the adverse financial effects of widespread DERs adoption and ensure long-term system stability.
{"title":"A Dynamic Retail Market Model to Investigate Sustainability of Retail Contracts in DERs-Penetrated Markets","authors":"Sumedha Sharma;Haotian Yao;Mostafa Farrokhabadi;Hamidreza Zareipour;Petr Musilek","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3603992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3603992","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing penetration of behind-the-meter (BTM) distributed energy resources (DERs) in the electricity grid will reduce the utilities’ net demand and increase customers’ profits through reduced electricity bills and compensation for excess generation via mechanisms such as net-metering credits. To recover lost revenue, distribution utilities, as asset operators—and retailers, as energy procurement entities, are often compelled to raise electricity prices. This, in turn, further incentivizes DERs adoption, potentially leading to a feedback loop of rising rates and declining demand that threatens the long-term financial sustainability of traditional utility models. In this context, there is a gap for innovative retailer business models in the era of increasing DERs. This paper focuses on identifying the dynamics underlying retail market operations and business sustainability in the era of increasing DERs. Accordingly, this paper proposes a dynamic retail market model that captures the interdependencies of market components and processes through non-linear causal relationships and feedback loops. This enables retailers to investigate their long-term business performance in prosumer-penetrated networks. Additionally, this work develops an integrated operation and planning framework for the techno-economic analysis and decision modeling of retailers, utilities, and customers in the retail market paradigm. Using the developed framework, this work further proposes two alternative retailer business models that enhance retailers’ long-term business sustainability and customers’ economic viability. Analytical studies evaluate the business models and present recommendations to ensure the financial sustainablility. The results demonstrate that the proposed subscription-based models can successfully mitigate the adverse financial effects of widespread DERs adoption and ensure long-term system stability.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"600-613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11145173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3603938
Charithri Yapa;Chamitha de Alwis;Uditha Wijewardhana;Madhusanka Liyanage;Janaka Ekanayake
A robust and secure reputation management system is required to ensure reliability, trust, and efficiency in energy transactions. This paper proposes a multi-parameter reputation scoring system, which enables combining factors that reflect direct individual performance, and the contribution towards maintaining a stable grid and delivering a high-quality power supply. Further, this study proposes integrating blockchain for the realization of the reputation management of Smart Grid 2.0. This ensures a secure and transparent mechanism, eliminating data poisoning and repudiation of transactions. Smart contracts facilitate the automatic execution of data aggregation, reputation calculation, and selective decision-making processes. The performance of a multi-factor reputation management scheme on Peer-to-Peer energy trading is evaluated through the conducted tests. The superiority has been showcased through benefits to the consumer and the prosumer. Moreover, a comparison against the state-of-the-art reputation scheme is included to further highlight the significance of this study.
{"title":"Empowering P2P Energy Networks: A Blockchain-Based Multi-Parameter Reputation Management System for Grid Enhancement","authors":"Charithri Yapa;Chamitha de Alwis;Uditha Wijewardhana;Madhusanka Liyanage;Janaka Ekanayake","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3603938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3603938","url":null,"abstract":"A robust and secure reputation management system is required to ensure reliability, trust, and efficiency in energy transactions. This paper proposes a multi-parameter reputation scoring system, which enables combining factors that reflect direct individual performance, and the contribution towards maintaining a stable grid and delivering a high-quality power supply. Further, this study proposes integrating blockchain for the realization of the reputation management of Smart Grid 2.0. This ensures a secure and transparent mechanism, eliminating data poisoning and repudiation of transactions. Smart contracts facilitate the automatic execution of data aggregation, reputation calculation, and selective decision-making processes. The performance of a multi-factor reputation management scheme on Peer-to-Peer energy trading is evaluated through the conducted tests. The superiority has been showcased through benefits to the consumer and the prosumer. Moreover, a comparison against the state-of-the-art reputation scheme is included to further highlight the significance of this study.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"614-624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11143161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3602014
Abbas Hasani;Xiaodong Liang;Majid Sanaye-Pasand;Moein Abedini
In the earliest generation of loss of excitation (LOE) protection relays, the exciter’s output voltage ($V_{e}$ ) or output current ($I_{e}$ ) were employed for the LOE protection of synchronous generators (SGs) by employing under-voltage or under-current schemes. This paper explores using the excitation system’s output quantities ($V_{e}$ and $I_{e}$ ) to detect the LOE phenomenon in SGs. The phase domain (PD) model of SGs available in the real-time digital simulator (RTDS) is used in this paper rather than the well-known dq representation, because only the PD model can provide realistic modeling of the LOE phenomenon based on the IEEE Standard C37-102, and $V_{e}$ and $I_{e}$ measurements. A new combined scheme using $V_{e}$ and $I_{e}$ is proposed for the LOE protection as an LOE failure causes an interruption on $V_{e}$ or $I_{e}$ . Through simple paralleled under-voltage and under-current logics, such interruptions can be easily detected. The proposed method is compared with conventional impedance-based schemes through case studies, including the complete LOE (CLOE) and partial LOE (PLOE) failures, and the stable power swing (PS) phenomenon, showing superior performance by reliably detecting CLOE events and maintaining secure operations during PS events, although it may perform unreliably during PLOE events.
{"title":"Excitation System Output Quantities-Based Loss of Excitation Detection in Synchronous Generators","authors":"Abbas Hasani;Xiaodong Liang;Majid Sanaye-Pasand;Moein Abedini","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3602014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3602014","url":null,"abstract":"In the earliest generation of loss of excitation (LOE) protection relays, the exciter’s output voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$V_{e}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) or output current (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$I_{e}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) were employed for the LOE protection of synchronous generators (SGs) by employing under-voltage or under-current schemes. This paper explores using the excitation system’s output quantities (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$V_{e}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$I_{e}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) to detect the LOE phenomenon in SGs. The phase domain (PD) model of SGs available in the real-time digital simulator (RTDS) is used in this paper rather than the well-known dq representation, because only the PD model can provide realistic modeling of the LOE phenomenon based on the IEEE Standard C37-102, and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$V_{e}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$I_{e}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurements. A new combined scheme using <inline-formula> <tex-math>$V_{e}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$I_{e}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is proposed for the LOE protection as an LOE failure causes an interruption on <inline-formula> <tex-math>$V_{e}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> or <inline-formula> <tex-math>$I_{e}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Through simple paralleled under-voltage and under-current logics, such interruptions can be easily detected. The proposed method is compared with conventional impedance-based schemes through case studies, including the complete LOE (CLOE) and partial LOE (PLOE) failures, and the stable power swing (PS) phenomenon, showing superior performance by reliably detecting CLOE events and maintaining secure operations during PS events, although it may perform unreliably during PLOE events.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"578-589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11134407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3597538
Thongchart Kerdphol
To address the challenge of inertia deficiency in multi-area power systems, this paper proposes a novel approach to inertia sharing by leveraging supplementary control integrated with thyristor-controlled series capacitors (TCSC). The proposed supplementary power modulation controller (SPMC) dynamically adjusts TCSC reactance based on frequency and tie-line power deviations to facilitate coordinated inertia transfer from well-equipped areas to inertia-deficient regions. Unlike conventional strategies that rely on deploying additional energy storage systems or distributed virtual inertia units, the proposed method utilizes existing transmission infrastructure, thereby reducing implementation complexity and cost. The efficacy of the proposed control strategy is assessed using a benchmark interconnected model configured to reflect practical multi-area dynamics and intertie constraints. Simulation results confirm that the SPMC-based TCSC control improves transient frequency stability, enhances damping, and increases the efficiency of inertia sharing, even under network congestion and delay conditions. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed strategy as a scalable and practical solution for enhancing dynamic performance in renewable-rich, interconnected power grids.
{"title":"Designing Supplementary Controller With Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor for Enhancing Inertia-Sharing Capability","authors":"Thongchart Kerdphol","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3597538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3597538","url":null,"abstract":"To address the challenge of inertia deficiency in multi-area power systems, this paper proposes a novel approach to inertia sharing by leveraging supplementary control integrated with thyristor-controlled series capacitors (TCSC). The proposed supplementary power modulation controller (SPMC) dynamically adjusts TCSC reactance based on frequency and tie-line power deviations to facilitate coordinated inertia transfer from well-equipped areas to inertia-deficient regions. Unlike conventional strategies that rely on deploying additional energy storage systems or distributed virtual inertia units, the proposed method utilizes existing transmission infrastructure, thereby reducing implementation complexity and cost. The efficacy of the proposed control strategy is assessed using a benchmark interconnected model configured to reflect practical multi-area dynamics and intertie constraints. Simulation results confirm that the SPMC-based TCSC control improves transient frequency stability, enhances damping, and increases the efficiency of inertia sharing, even under network congestion and delay conditions. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed strategy as a scalable and practical solution for enhancing dynamic performance in renewable-rich, interconnected power grids.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"564-577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11121887","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3597533
James Rojas Waterhouse;Cristhian R. Morante Villarreal;Guilherme Beppu de Souza;Fernando Vilas Boas Ribeiro;Carlos Henrique Gasparetti;Kauan Pires Quevedo;Josiel Gonçalves Dos Santos;George Camargo Dos Santos;Marlos José Ribeiro Guimarães
This article presents a comprehensive design study of a low-speed wind turbine optimized for regions with weak wind resources, with a particular focus on Brazil’s extensive territories. The research challenges conventional turbine designs by incorporating innovative strategies to enhance aerodynamic performance, structural integrity, and cost efficiency. Consolidated computational tools were integrated with optimization algorithms, creating an innovative multidisciplinary optimization framework. Multiple configurations were assessed based on energy output, load mitigation, and economic viability, leading to the identification of promising designs that effectively balance performance targets with practical constraints. The study highlights how a structured multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) approach, applied during the preliminary and conceptual design phases, enables the development of configurations well-adapted to low-wind-speed environments. These findings result into the output configuration achieving a rated wind speed of 6.45 m/s, and moreover they offer a scalable framework for future research and field validation in low-wind-speed applications. Therefore, the objective of developing a viable wind turbine prototype using custom multidisciplinary optimization models was successfully achieved.
{"title":"Development of a Low-Speed Wind Turbine for Brazilian Onshore Areas: A Preliminary and Conceptual Design","authors":"James Rojas Waterhouse;Cristhian R. Morante Villarreal;Guilherme Beppu de Souza;Fernando Vilas Boas Ribeiro;Carlos Henrique Gasparetti;Kauan Pires Quevedo;Josiel Gonçalves Dos Santos;George Camargo Dos Santos;Marlos José Ribeiro Guimarães","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3597533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3597533","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a comprehensive design study of a low-speed wind turbine optimized for regions with weak wind resources, with a particular focus on Brazil’s extensive territories. The research challenges conventional turbine designs by incorporating innovative strategies to enhance aerodynamic performance, structural integrity, and cost efficiency. Consolidated computational tools were integrated with optimization algorithms, creating an innovative multidisciplinary optimization framework. Multiple configurations were assessed based on energy output, load mitigation, and economic viability, leading to the identification of promising designs that effectively balance performance targets with practical constraints. The study highlights how a structured multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) approach, applied during the preliminary and conceptual design phases, enables the development of configurations well-adapted to low-wind-speed environments. These findings result into the output configuration achieving a rated wind speed of 6.45 m/s, and moreover they offer a scalable framework for future research and field validation in low-wind-speed applications. Therefore, the objective of developing a viable wind turbine prototype using custom multidisciplinary optimization models was successfully achieved.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"590-599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11122021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) expands the cyberattack surface of power systems. This paper analyses, using PowerFactory, the impact and success of MaDIoT 3.0 attacks in the PST-16 model, a simplified model of the European system. MaDIoT 3.0 attacks are a novel type of attack that manage to compromise both high-wattage IoT demand devices and DER devices at the same time. The results indicate that the inclusion of distributed solar PV generation in the PST-16 system reduces the success ratio and impact of load-altering MaDIoT attacks when compared to the same system without DER, mainly due to an increment of the initial voltages. For MaDIoT 3.0 attacks, the demand had a more significant influence on the attack’s success than DER in the PST-16 system. Distributing the attacked demand across more buses or targeting the demand from other areas would decrease the success ratio of the attack. Therefore, the local scalability and replicability of vulnerable high-wattage demand devices in the analysed system become more critical than their distributed deployment in larger areas.
{"title":"MaDIoT 3.0: Assessment of Attacks to Distributed Energy Resources and Demand in a Power System","authors":"Néstor Rodríguez-Pérez;Javier Matanza;Lukas Sigrist;José Rueda Torres;Gregorio López","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3595631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3595631","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) expands the cyberattack surface of power systems. This paper analyses, using PowerFactory, the impact and success of MaDIoT 3.0 attacks in the PST-16 model, a simplified model of the European system. MaDIoT 3.0 attacks are a novel type of attack that manage to compromise both high-wattage IoT demand devices and DER devices at the same time. The results indicate that the inclusion of distributed solar PV generation in the PST-16 system reduces the success ratio and impact of load-altering MaDIoT attacks when compared to the same system without DER, mainly due to an increment of the initial voltages. For MaDIoT 3.0 attacks, the demand had a more significant influence on the attack’s success than DER in the PST-16 system. Distributing the attacked demand across more buses or targeting the demand from other areas would decrease the success ratio of the attack. Therefore, the local scalability and replicability of vulnerable high-wattage demand devices in the analysed system become more critical than their distributed deployment in larger areas.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"552-563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11112612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3592698
Shafi Muhammad Jiskani;Tanweer Hussain;Anwar Ali Sahito;Faheemullah Shaikh;Laveet Kumar
High voltage electrical infrastructure inspection requires condition monitoring of transmission line assets to avoid any possible failures or emergency. Detection of insulators in strings is linked with electrical infrastructure monitoring pertaining to the insulator fault classification. The dataset widely available for insulator monitoring are either synthetic, lab created or publicly not available. In this paper, an indigenous dataset is created using Autonomous Aerial Vehicles (AAV) technology, capturing images in diverse topographical ambience across different transmission lines/circuits managed by National transmission and dispatch company ltd. in Pakistan. For detection of insulators in string, object detector model You Only Look Once-version 8 (YOLOv8n) is trained on created dataset of 3618 images, 603 being original and other augmented, after preprocessing and augmentation techniques were applied. The model’s performance is up to the mark with accuracy of 92%. The precision and recall being 0.95 and 0.90 respectively, whereas F1 score of the model peaked at 0.95 at confidence level of 0.652.
高压电力基础设施检查需要对输电线路资产进行状态监测，以避免任何可能的故障或紧急情况。串接绝缘子的检测与绝缘子故障分类相关的电气基础设施监测息息相关。广泛用于绝缘体监测的数据集要么是合成的，要么是实验室创建的，要么是公开不可用的。在本文中，使用自主飞行器（AAV）技术创建了一个本地数据集，在巴基斯坦国家输电和调度公司有限公司管理的不同输电线路/电路中捕获不同地形环境下的图像。针对字符串中绝缘子的检测，在创建的3618张图像数据集上，使用预处理和增强技术，训练You Only Look Once-version 8 （YOLOv8n）目标检测器模型，其中603张为原始图像，其余为增强图像。该模型的性能达到了要求，准确率达到92%。精密度和召回率分别为0.95和0.90，而在置信水平为0.652时，模型的F1得分达到了0.95的峰值。
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