Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-252-261
V. Tsopa, S. Cheberyachko, O. Deryugin, N. Sushko, O. Sharovatova
Identifying the causes of disasters, emergency situations, and incidents is a necessary condition for avoiding similar situations in the future. The methods of the theory of catastrophes are constantly being improved, there is a need to return to some historical negative events, the analysis of which contributes to the discovery of new grounds, facts, consequences that update the essence of the emergence of an emergency situation, and allow managers, specialists and employees of any industry, association, enterprises or organizations to make security decisions. This study revealed cause-and-effect relationships in the chronology of events that led to the "Nedelin Disaster" - the worst and most fatal disaster in the rocket and space industry of the Soviet Union and the world, when the Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile R-16 exploded during a test at the start during launch preparation. The assessment of the occupational risk of hazards was carried out on the basis of the "bow-tie" model, which is a schematic method of describing and analyzing the ways of the development of a dangerous event from causes to consequences by combining the "fault tree analysis" and "event tree". This model is widely used because of its convenience and simplicity in representing the cause-and-effect relationship between a hazard, a hazardous event, and consequences. Its visualization helps to clearly demonstrate the process of managing occupational risks by determining the number of barriers (protective or preventive measures) that are placed on the path between danger and a dangerous event and a dangerous event and consequences. The number of barriers makes it possible, on the one hand, to establish an estimate of preventive and protective measures for labor protection, and on the other hand, to influence the probability of the occurrence of a dangerous event. The highlighted events, their analysis, understanding of the dangers and knowledge of the consequences of a dangerous event made it possible to build a model of the realized risk of danger with the definition of the main dangerous conditions that led to the disaster. In particular, the main dangerous conditions are: supplying fuel to the engine, installing the electric battery one hour before launch, giving an electric signal to start the rocket engine one minute before the crash and 15 minutes before launch. As a result of the combination of all three dangerous conditions, the probability of a dangerous event has increased to 100%. Another dangerous condition was the presence of a significant number of people to launch the rocket, which led to a significant severity of casualties - from 20 people to 100 or more. It is important that each of these factors alone could not affect the danger of preparing the rocket for launch, but their combination led to the disaster. Keywords: disaster, danger, cause-and-effect relationships, risk, risk assessment.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONS IN THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE EVENTS OF THE BAIKONUR DISASTER","authors":"V. Tsopa, S. Cheberyachko, O. Deryugin, N. Sushko, O. Sharovatova","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-252-261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-252-261","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying the causes of disasters, emergency situations, and incidents is a necessary condition for avoiding similar situations in the future. The methods of the theory of catastrophes are constantly being improved, there is a need to return to some historical negative events, the analysis of which contributes to the discovery of new grounds, facts, consequences that update the essence of the emergence of an emergency situation, and allow managers, specialists and employees of any industry, association, enterprises or organizations to make security decisions. This study revealed cause-and-effect relationships in the chronology of events that led to the \"Nedelin Disaster\" - the worst and most fatal disaster in the rocket and space industry of the Soviet Union and the world, when the Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile R-16 exploded during a test at the start during launch preparation. The assessment of the occupational risk of hazards was carried out on the basis of the \"bow-tie\" model, which is a schematic method of describing and analyzing the ways of the development of a dangerous event from causes to consequences by combining the \"fault tree analysis\" and \"event tree\". This model is widely used because of its convenience and simplicity in representing the cause-and-effect relationship between a hazard, a hazardous event, and consequences. Its visualization helps to clearly demonstrate the process of managing occupational risks by determining the number of barriers (protective or preventive measures) that are placed on the path between danger and a dangerous event and a dangerous event and consequences. The number of barriers makes it possible, on the one hand, to establish an estimate of preventive and protective measures for labor protection, and on the other hand, to influence the probability of the occurrence of a dangerous event. The highlighted events, their analysis, understanding of the dangers and knowledge of the consequences of a dangerous event made it possible to build a model of the realized risk of danger with the definition of the main dangerous conditions that led to the disaster. In particular, the main dangerous conditions are: supplying fuel to the engine, installing the electric battery one hour before launch, giving an electric signal to start the rocket engine one minute before the crash and 15 minutes before launch. As a result of the combination of all three dangerous conditions, the probability of a dangerous event has increased to 100%. Another dangerous condition was the presence of a significant number of people to launch the rocket, which led to a significant severity of casualties - from 20 people to 100 or more. It is important that each of these factors alone could not affect the danger of preparing the rocket for launch, but their combination led to the disaster. Keywords: disaster, danger, cause-and-effect relationships, risk, risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-65-71
I. Shumanov, S. Tabachnikov, T. Nalivayko, E. Dorozhko, T. Nalyvayko
During the war, many houses were completely or partially destroyed. Damaged residential buildings, historical buildings are of particular importance as monuments of architecture and art and cannot be restored. Thanks to the bombing, a whole historical era was lost. For restoration and rebuilding or reconstruction, qualitative analysis and assessment of the degree of destruction are required. There are many well-known methods of assessing the destruction and damage of buildings, which were used by architects and urban planners. The following types of technical inspection of the condition of buildings are known: general inspection and continuous inspection of destroyed buildings; diagnosis of the construction of buildings to obtain the opinion of experts on the development of a project for the repair or reconstruction of the building; carrying out an engineering and technical examination to determine the condition of the entire building or individual load-bearing structures and to identify the degree of damage or deformations. There is a problem of their restoration, rebuilding or reconstruction. To solve this problem, it is necessary to determine the degree of damage and develop a project of reconstruction or reconstruction, for this: determine the factors of deformation, damage to the structure of buildings; find out the level of danger in the operation of the building and its structures; calculate the possibility of increasing loads on the structure and its bearing capacity; reveal the possibility of additions to existing structures and endurance. Various methods are used for examination: visual, mechanical, impression method, sclerometric, hammering or removal of metal rods, ultrasonic or pulse, radiometric and electrophysical methods. Innovative methods - GIS technologies are fast, accurate and do not require large expenditures of time and money. These are methods of computer diagnostics of building damage, among them the laser scanning method, which has a number of advantages, as it makes 50,000 points per second, scans the surface of the damaged building outside and inside the building, and is remotely controlled by a specialist in a given program. Next, they conduct computer processing of the removal, calculations of damages and their degree. Next, they build a 3-D model of the reconstruction of the building. Laser scanning of historical buildings will help restore destroyed or damaged historical monuments of architecture, which are valuable for future generations and are the historical heritage of the Ukrainian nation. Keywords: planning, reconstruction of destroyed buildings, objects of historical cultural heritage, 3-D scanner, innovative methods, reconstruction of post-war Ukraine.
{"title":"INNOVATIVE METHODS OF PLANNING AND RECONSTRUCTION OF HISTORICAL HERITAGE BUILDINGS USING A 3D SCANNER","authors":"I. Shumanov, S. Tabachnikov, T. Nalivayko, E. Dorozhko, T. Nalyvayko","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-65-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-65-71","url":null,"abstract":"During the war, many houses were completely or partially destroyed. Damaged residential buildings, historical buildings are of particular importance as monuments of architecture and art and cannot be restored. Thanks to the bombing, a whole historical era was lost. For restoration and rebuilding or reconstruction, qualitative analysis and assessment of the degree of destruction are required. There are many well-known methods of assessing the destruction and damage of buildings, which were used by architects and urban planners. The following types of technical inspection of the condition of buildings are known: general inspection and continuous inspection of destroyed buildings; diagnosis of the construction of buildings to obtain the opinion of experts on the development of a project for the repair or reconstruction of the building; carrying out an engineering and technical examination to determine the condition of the entire building or individual load-bearing structures and to identify the degree of damage or deformations. There is a problem of their restoration, rebuilding or reconstruction. To solve this problem, it is necessary to determine the degree of damage and develop a project of reconstruction or reconstruction, for this: determine the factors of deformation, damage to the structure of buildings; find out the level of danger in the operation of the building and its structures; calculate the possibility of increasing loads on the structure and its bearing capacity; reveal the possibility of additions to existing structures and endurance. Various methods are used for examination: visual, mechanical, impression method, sclerometric, hammering or removal of metal rods, ultrasonic or pulse, radiometric and electrophysical methods. Innovative methods - GIS technologies are fast, accurate and do not require large expenditures of time and money. These are methods of computer diagnostics of building damage, among them the laser scanning method, which has a number of advantages, as it makes 50,000 points per second, scans the surface of the damaged building outside and inside the building, and is remotely controlled by a specialist in a given program. Next, they conduct computer processing of the removal, calculations of damages and their degree. Next, they build a 3-D model of the reconstruction of the building. Laser scanning of historical buildings will help restore destroyed or damaged historical monuments of architecture, which are valuable for future generations and are the historical heritage of the Ukrainian nation. Keywords: planning, reconstruction of destroyed buildings, objects of historical cultural heritage, 3-D scanner, innovative methods, reconstruction of post-war Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-232-251
N. Rashkevich
The author created an array of soil disturbances as a result of military operations. Physical and chemical exposure lead to a drastic increase in dangerous factors. Dangerous factors to local (in the worst case scenario to background) changes in indicators of physical and chemical properties (condition) of soils, they have a long-term nature of danger to the soil environment and pose a danger to the population and territories. The author established that there is a primary accumulation of pollutants in the soil with subsequent redistribution both in the soil itself and in other environments - surface and underground waters. The process of modeling the spread of pollutants is a complex task due to the need to take into account many variables in time and space, physical and chemical parameters of the soil, as well as environmental conditions and the form of pollutants. Scientific developments in the field of monitoring and ecological-geochemical assessment of soil conditions are fragmentary in nature. To date, no universal methodologies have been created for assessing the safety of soils in territories affected by war and approaches regarding the permissible level of their pollution for the prevention of emergency situations. Research should be conducted using a complex of field, remote and laboratory methods. The author determined that the development of new organizational and technical methods of emergency prevention in territories that have suffered missile and artillery damage, based on comprehensive forecasting, monitoring and modeling of soil hazards, should be based on unified methodological positions regarding the place and role of the processes of prevention, prevention, localization and liquidation in the structure of the general process of combating emergency situations. The methodologies were previously tested in a number of works on the development and implementation of organizational, operational engineering and information methods for the prevention of emergency situations of various types of occurrence and spread. Keywords: military-technogenic load, soil pollution, solid metals, emergency happening, prevention of emergency situations.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF WARNING OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IN THE TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE WHICH WERE SUFFERED BY ROCKET AND ARTILLERY IMPACTS","authors":"N. Rashkevich","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-232-251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-232-251","url":null,"abstract":"The author created an array of soil disturbances as a result of military operations. Physical and chemical exposure lead to a drastic increase in dangerous factors. Dangerous factors to local (in the worst case scenario to background) changes in indicators of physical and chemical properties (condition) of soils, they have a long-term nature of danger to the soil environment and pose a danger to the population and territories. The author established that there is a primary accumulation of pollutants in the soil with subsequent redistribution both in the soil itself and in other environments - surface and underground waters. The process of modeling the spread of pollutants is a complex task due to the need to take into account many variables in time and space, physical and chemical parameters of the soil, as well as environmental conditions and the form of pollutants. Scientific developments in the field of monitoring and ecological-geochemical assessment of soil conditions are fragmentary in nature. To date, no universal methodologies have been created for assessing the safety of soils in territories affected by war and approaches regarding the permissible level of their pollution for the prevention of emergency situations. Research should be conducted using a complex of field, remote and laboratory methods. The author determined that the development of new organizational and technical methods of emergency prevention in territories that have suffered missile and artillery damage, based on comprehensive forecasting, monitoring and modeling of soil hazards, should be based on unified methodological positions regarding the place and role of the processes of prevention, prevention, localization and liquidation in the structure of the general process of combating emergency situations. The methodologies were previously tested in a number of works on the development and implementation of organizational, operational engineering and information methods for the prevention of emergency situations of various types of occurrence and spread. Keywords: military-technogenic load, soil pollution, solid metals, emergency happening, prevention of emergency situations.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-172-178
O. Palchenko
Tailings or tails are a common byproduct of metal and mineral extraction. Typically, from ore-dressing and processing enterprises, tailings are pumped into tailings storage facilities (TSFs) which are constructed using earth-filled dams. Under improper management, tailings can have a systematic adverse impact on the environment, human health, and safety. Besides, sewage pollution and dust emissions can be potentially toxic to humans, animals, or plants. One of the key challenges currently faced by the mining sector is the industry-wide initiative to implement the most effective and efficient methods for monitoring tailings storage facilities. In the event of the physical destruction of a tailings storage facility, there can arise acute and potentially very dangerous consequences. In such cases, liquid materials of TSF can inundate the environment causing significant impact and even loss of life. Managing tailings storage facilities during and after the completion of field development is a long-term responsibility of mining companies, and it is regulated by various normative systems. TSF management should be effective throughout the entire operational lifespan, from the initial feasibility assessment of the project to the closure and post-closure. Managing critical control means is one of the main tasks facing the mining and metallurgical industry, aiming to minimize the number of fatal cases and large-scale disasters. Therefore, the rational utilization of tailings storage facilities is an integral part of corporate operational and risk management strategies. Managing critical control means is defined as an approach to managing low-probability, large-scale destructive events such as catastrophic accidents at tailings storage facilities. Achieving this goal requires technological efforts to utilize the most reliable methods for monitoring tailings storage facilities. Keywords: tails, tailings storage facilities, monitoring.
{"title":"MONITORING IS ONE OF THE MAIN SAFETY FACTORS OF TAILINGS STORAGE FACILITIES","authors":"O. Palchenko","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-172-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-172-178","url":null,"abstract":"Tailings or tails are a common byproduct of metal and mineral extraction. Typically, from ore-dressing and processing enterprises, tailings are pumped into tailings storage facilities (TSFs) which are constructed using earth-filled dams. Under improper management, tailings can have a systematic adverse impact on the environment, human health, and safety. Besides, sewage pollution and dust emissions can be potentially toxic to humans, animals, or plants. One of the key challenges currently faced by the mining sector is the industry-wide initiative to implement the most effective and efficient methods for monitoring tailings storage facilities. In the event of the physical destruction of a tailings storage facility, there can arise acute and potentially very dangerous consequences. In such cases, liquid materials of TSF can inundate the environment causing significant impact and even loss of life. Managing tailings storage facilities during and after the completion of field development is a long-term responsibility of mining companies, and it is regulated by various normative systems. TSF management should be effective throughout the entire operational lifespan, from the initial feasibility assessment of the project to the closure and post-closure. Managing critical control means is one of the main tasks facing the mining and metallurgical industry, aiming to minimize the number of fatal cases and large-scale disasters. Therefore, the rational utilization of tailings storage facilities is an integral part of corporate operational and risk management strategies. Managing critical control means is defined as an approach to managing low-probability, large-scale destructive events such as catastrophic accidents at tailings storage facilities. Achieving this goal requires technological efforts to utilize the most reliable methods for monitoring tailings storage facilities. Keywords: tails, tailings storage facilities, monitoring.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-5-179-15-19
Wen Мingming, E. Grytskov, K. Mamonov, A. Dmitrenko
The relevance of online education in universities has been proven. The purpose of the study is to determine the areas of online education to ensure the functioning of the University. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are solved: – substantiation of theoretical provisions regarding the formation of online education; – highlighting the features of online education at the University. The relevance of online education in universities has been proven. The purpose of the study is to determine the areas of online education to ensure the functioning of the University. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are solved: – substantiation of theoretical provisions regarding the formation of online education; – highlighting the features of online education at the University. It was determined that information networks and Internet coverage are not always developed in populated areas in Ukraine. The processes of forming a stable WiFi network are becoming more complicated. This affects the development of distance education. Online education is formed and implemented through a set of educational information platforms through the use of organizational structures. The identified advantages of online education: access to the programs of the best teachers in the world; innovative and modern information, possibilities of using technologies, formation of theoretical and methodological approaches used by scientists; retrospective updating of information and software; the financial aspect, which is aimed at reducing the cost of the educational process; implementation of the principle of learning anywhere and anytime; the opportunity to apply different directions and approaches to learning. As a result of the study, the theoretical aspects of the formation and use of online education in universities were determined. Moreover, special attention is focused on the advantages and disadvantages of online education, taking into account the modern conditions of the educational process. It should be noted that the features of online education include: training of teachers according to modern conditions and information support; formation of technological aspects of the functioning of online education; ensuring the functioning of the university as an administrator of distance education; creation of online education service facilities; formation of financial aspects of the development of online education at the university; ensuring the quality of online education; formation of various models of implementation of the educational process with the use of online education: implementation only with the use of Internet technologies; mixed form, where the traditional form is combined with the use of information technologies; application of Internet technologies as an internal toolkit. As a result of the study, the theoretical aspects of the formation and use of online education in universities were determined. Moreover, special attention is focused on the advantages and disadvant
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF ONLINE EDUCATION TO ENSURE THE FUNCTIONING OF THE UNIVERSITY","authors":"Wen Мingming, E. Grytskov, K. Mamonov, A. Dmitrenko","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-5-179-15-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-5-179-15-19","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of online education in universities has been proven. The purpose of the study is to determine the areas of online education to ensure the functioning of the University. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are solved: – substantiation of theoretical provisions regarding the formation of online education; – highlighting the features of online education at the University. The relevance of online education in universities has been proven. The purpose of the study is to determine the areas of online education to ensure the functioning of the University. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are solved: – substantiation of theoretical provisions regarding the formation of online education; – highlighting the features of online education at the University. It was determined that information networks and Internet coverage are not always developed in populated areas in Ukraine. The processes of forming a stable WiFi network are becoming more complicated. This affects the development of distance education. Online education is formed and implemented through a set of educational information platforms through the use of organizational structures. The identified advantages of online education: access to the programs of the best teachers in the world; innovative and modern information, possibilities of using technologies, formation of theoretical and methodological approaches used by scientists; retrospective updating of information and software; the financial aspect, which is aimed at reducing the cost of the educational process; implementation of the principle of learning anywhere and anytime; the opportunity to apply different directions and approaches to learning. As a result of the study, the theoretical aspects of the formation and use of online education in universities were determined. Moreover, special attention is focused on the advantages and disadvantages of online education, taking into account the modern conditions of the educational process. It should be noted that the features of online education include: training of teachers according to modern conditions and information support; formation of technological aspects of the functioning of online education; ensuring the functioning of the university as an administrator of distance education; creation of online education service facilities; formation of financial aspects of the development of online education at the university; ensuring the quality of online education; formation of various models of implementation of the educational process with the use of online education: implementation only with the use of Internet technologies; mixed form, where the traditional form is combined with the use of information technologies; application of Internet technologies as an internal toolkit. As a result of the study, the theoretical aspects of the formation and use of online education in universities were determined. Moreover, special attention is focused on the advantages and disadvant","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-152-156
E. Nelin, V. Kasyanov, V. Khariv
The research endeavor embarks on a rigorous and exhaustive exploration of the widespread and intricate employment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as avant-garde instruments, orchestrating an all-encompassing spatial dominion across an eclectic array of territories. This scholarly pursuit unfurls a tapestry of multifaceted applications spanning the domains of geodesy, agriculture, and the environment, painting a vivid portrait of UAVs' versatility and adaptability in diverse contexts. Of pivotal and paramount significance is the prominent and transformative role that UAVs ingeniously assume, deftly navigating the labyrinthine maze of ecological conundrums, safeguarding and stewarding precious and finite resources, while concurrently effectuating an elevation in the realms of territorial governance and administration. The crux of their impact lies in their consummate proficiency in assimilating and harnessing the wealth of geospatial data, standing as a beacon illuminating the path toward sustainable advancement and a heightened echelon of the human experience. The fulcrum around which this paradigmatic shift pivots is the seamless and harmonious convergence of UAV technologies, emerging as the veritable cornerstone facilitating the judicious allocation of resources across a heterogeneous spectrum of industries. This intricate interplay not only synergizes operational efficacy but also engenders a profound and harmonious fusion of sectors, fomenting a fertile crucible for the perpetuation of ceaseless innovation within this dynamic and kinetic domain. In a swiftly evolving milieu underscored by the relentless march of technology, this comprehensive and erudite inquiry resonates as an unequivocal and resonant paean to the transformative prowess inherent in UAV deployment. With an unwavering clarion call, it delineates the indispensable, irreplaceable, and seminal role that UAVs occupy in the panoramic tapestry of the modern global landscape, unequivocally cementing their status as unequivocal vanguards of progress, catalyzing innovation and heralding a new era of limitless possibilities. Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), spatial coverage, geospatial data, ecological monitoring, territories, application sectors, cartography, geodesy, territorial management, monitoring.
{"title":"SPATIAL PROVISION OF TERRITORIES WITH MODERN UAVS","authors":"E. Nelin, V. Kasyanov, V. Khariv","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-152-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-152-156","url":null,"abstract":"The research endeavor embarks on a rigorous and exhaustive exploration of the widespread and intricate employment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as avant-garde instruments, orchestrating an all-encompassing spatial dominion across an eclectic array of territories. This scholarly pursuit unfurls a tapestry of multifaceted applications spanning the domains of geodesy, agriculture, and the environment, painting a vivid portrait of UAVs' versatility and adaptability in diverse contexts. Of pivotal and paramount significance is the prominent and transformative role that UAVs ingeniously assume, deftly navigating the labyrinthine maze of ecological conundrums, safeguarding and stewarding precious and finite resources, while concurrently effectuating an elevation in the realms of territorial governance and administration. The crux of their impact lies in their consummate proficiency in assimilating and harnessing the wealth of geospatial data, standing as a beacon illuminating the path toward sustainable advancement and a heightened echelon of the human experience. The fulcrum around which this paradigmatic shift pivots is the seamless and harmonious convergence of UAV technologies, emerging as the veritable cornerstone facilitating the judicious allocation of resources across a heterogeneous spectrum of industries. This intricate interplay not only synergizes operational efficacy but also engenders a profound and harmonious fusion of sectors, fomenting a fertile crucible for the perpetuation of ceaseless innovation within this dynamic and kinetic domain. In a swiftly evolving milieu underscored by the relentless march of technology, this comprehensive and erudite inquiry resonates as an unequivocal and resonant paean to the transformative prowess inherent in UAV deployment. With an unwavering clarion call, it delineates the indispensable, irreplaceable, and seminal role that UAVs occupy in the panoramic tapestry of the modern global landscape, unequivocally cementing their status as unequivocal vanguards of progress, catalyzing innovation and heralding a new era of limitless possibilities. Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), spatial coverage, geospatial data, ecological monitoring, territories, application sectors, cartography, geodesy, territorial management, monitoring.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"30 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-87-91
O. Semko, N. Pinchuk, D. Usenko
The article provides valuable information on methods for assessing the reliability of stone structures. The authors draw attention to the issues of diagnostics and calculation of the reliability of existing masonry structures, and also offer methods for determining the compressive strength of masonry using the theory of reliability. The destructive and non-destructive tests underlying the determination of strength masonry are also described. The authors emphasize the importance of structural safety and reliability, which depend on many factors, including the type and magnitude of loads and the bearing capacity of structural elements. A sufficient state of safety is ensured by compliance with the relevant standards and regulations. The article draws attention to the importance of carrying out tests and calculations in the reconstruction and repair of buildings in order to guarantee their safe operation. The authors note that the safety and reliability of the design also depends on compliance with the rules and regulations that take into account the social, economic and environmental consequences of failure. The emphasis on the probabilistic approach to assessing the reliability of a design is an important aspect of the article. Taking into account the probability of failure allows us to develop a rational approach to the repair and reconstruction of buildings, ensuring their normal operation. The authors also draw attention to the importance of determining the probability of failure (Pf) as a fundamental parameter for its assessment. Keywords: reliability assessment, masonry structures, masonry strength, structural safety, safety factors, deformations, fire resistance, reliability theory, failure probability.
{"title":"RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF STONE STRUCTURES","authors":"O. Semko, N. Pinchuk, D. Usenko","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-87-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-87-91","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides valuable information on methods for assessing the reliability of stone structures. The authors draw attention to the issues of diagnostics and calculation of the reliability of existing masonry structures, and also offer methods for determining the compressive strength of masonry using the theory of reliability. The destructive and non-destructive tests underlying the determination of strength masonry are also described. The authors emphasize the importance of structural safety and reliability, which depend on many factors, including the type and magnitude of loads and the bearing capacity of structural elements. A sufficient state of safety is ensured by compliance with the relevant standards and regulations. The article draws attention to the importance of carrying out tests and calculations in the reconstruction and repair of buildings in order to guarantee their safe operation. The authors note that the safety and reliability of the design also depends on compliance with the rules and regulations that take into account the social, economic and environmental consequences of failure. The emphasis on the probabilistic approach to assessing the reliability of a design is an important aspect of the article. Taking into account the probability of failure allows us to develop a rational approach to the repair and reconstruction of buildings, ensuring their normal operation. The authors also draw attention to the importance of determining the probability of failure (Pf) as a fundamental parameter for its assessment. Keywords: reliability assessment, masonry structures, masonry strength, structural safety, safety factors, deformations, fire resistance, reliability theory, failure probability.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135454004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-102-112
A. Butenko, A. Mozgovuy
In the process of operation the structures of steel silos undergo various failures associated with natural and climatic loads and influences, the insufficient study of engineering and geological conditions, as well as some errors during operation. Damage to the above-ground structures of steel silos is mainly caused by roof structures and silo shells failures. Whilst operating silos, various types of raw material flow are distinguished during unloading. Possible scenarios of the operating technology violations can lead to deviations from the approved flow regime during unloading and they quite often become factors of an emergency situation. The conditions of loading and operation of silos have been compared pursuant to their presentation in the domestic and the foreign regulatory documents. A significant number of industrial accidents are associated with operation failures of reinforced concrete foundations, their insufficient load-bearing capacity and their deformability. It should be noted that the construction of the foundation affects its "flexibility", which may cause uneven settlement of the foundations and their base. Sometimes this leads to extra-design loads on the upper structure of the silo. In the domestic practice of increased diameters silos construction, the foundations with an underground gallery are the most common. For the construction areas having a high level of groundwater, the foundations with an above-ground under-silo storey are used. For the silos with an above-ground discharge funnel, the type of outflow influences the load pattern of the foundation. Whilst operating normally, the loads are uniform, and when the storage material hangs on the walls, the loads are uneven, which can lead to the destruction of the above-ground structure or a foundation tilting. The type of funnel significantly determines the shape of the outflow, which affects the distribution of internal forces in the silo and the load on the foundation. In this work, a brief analysis of the failure factors of steel silos has been carried out, and a comparative analysis of modern domestic and international design standards has been suggested concerning the criteria for the occurrence of boundary states of steel silos foundations during designing. There has also been analyzed the special operational features taking into account specific technological loads on silo shells and foundations, the certain features of engineering and geological conditions of construction sites. Conclusions have been made that the main criteria for foundations designing and calculating are the deformation criteria for limiting settlement and tilting. It should be noted that the foreign regulations place the issue of limiting maximum settlements within the scope of a designer's competence. Keywords: reinforced concrete foundation, steel silo, failure, boundary state, design norms.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC AND WORLD STANDARDS REGARDING THE CRITERIA OF THE BOUNDARY STATES FOR THE STEEL SILOS FOUNDATIONS","authors":"A. Butenko, A. Mozgovuy","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-102-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-102-112","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of operation the structures of steel silos undergo various failures associated with natural and climatic loads and influences, the insufficient study of engineering and geological conditions, as well as some errors during operation. Damage to the above-ground structures of steel silos is mainly caused by roof structures and silo shells failures. Whilst operating silos, various types of raw material flow are distinguished during unloading. Possible scenarios of the operating technology violations can lead to deviations from the approved flow regime during unloading and they quite often become factors of an emergency situation. The conditions of loading and operation of silos have been compared pursuant to their presentation in the domestic and the foreign regulatory documents. A significant number of industrial accidents are associated with operation failures of reinforced concrete foundations, their insufficient load-bearing capacity and their deformability. It should be noted that the construction of the foundation affects its \"flexibility\", which may cause uneven settlement of the foundations and their base. Sometimes this leads to extra-design loads on the upper structure of the silo. In the domestic practice of increased diameters silos construction, the foundations with an underground gallery are the most common. For the construction areas having a high level of groundwater, the foundations with an above-ground under-silo storey are used. For the silos with an above-ground discharge funnel, the type of outflow influences the load pattern of the foundation. Whilst operating normally, the loads are uniform, and when the storage material hangs on the walls, the loads are uneven, which can lead to the destruction of the above-ground structure or a foundation tilting. The type of funnel significantly determines the shape of the outflow, which affects the distribution of internal forces in the silo and the load on the foundation. In this work, a brief analysis of the failure factors of steel silos has been carried out, and a comparative analysis of modern domestic and international design standards has been suggested concerning the criteria for the occurrence of boundary states of steel silos foundations during designing. There has also been analyzed the special operational features taking into account specific technological loads on silo shells and foundations, the certain features of engineering and geological conditions of construction sites. Conclusions have been made that the main criteria for foundations designing and calculating are the deformation criteria for limiting settlement and tilting. It should be noted that the foreign regulations place the issue of limiting maximum settlements within the scope of a designer's competence. Keywords: reinforced concrete foundation, steel silo, failure, boundary state, design norms.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135452681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-17-26
A. Skripinets, N. Saienko, V. Blazhko, L. Saienko
The article contains experimental studies of the efficiency of the developed epoxyurethane compositions, which are designed to minimize vibration acceleration transmission coefficients in vibration protection and impact protection systems in the range frequencies from 20 to 2000 Hz. Determined that they have a high damping capacity and shorter technological cycle for preparing the composition. Keywords: epoxyurethane insert, vibration protection and impact protection systems, amplitude and frequency characteristics.
{"title":"EFFICIENCY EVALUATION: EPOXYURETHANE DAMPING INSERTS IN VIBRATION PROTECTION SYSTEMS","authors":"A. Skripinets, N. Saienko, V. Blazhko, L. Saienko","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-17-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-17-26","url":null,"abstract":"The article contains experimental studies of the efficiency of the developed epoxyurethane compositions, which are designed to minimize vibration acceleration transmission coefficients in vibration protection and impact protection systems in the range frequencies from 20 to 2000 Hz. Determined that they have a high damping capacity and shorter technological cycle for preparing the composition. Keywords: epoxyurethane insert, vibration protection and impact protection systems, amplitude and frequency characteristics.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-167-171
Liu Chang, V. Velychko, L. Kovalenko
It has been proven that the formation of modern approaches to the development of educational components and the application of educational programs allow solving a complex of problematic issues regarding the training of qualified specialists, especially in the field of geodesy and land management. In addition, in recent years there has been a decrease in applicants, an increase in the level of competition between universities. Therefore, creating conditions to ensure the development of higher educational institutions based on attracting applicants is an important and urgent task. The purpose of the study is the formation of educational components in the specialty of geodesy and land management at the bachelor's level, taking into account modern transformational processes. The identified tasks of the research are related to: highlighting the transformational aspects of the formation of educational components at the bachelor's level; characteristics of educational components; determining the results of education at the bachelor's level in the specialty of geodesy and land management. The directions and educational components of the formation of the educational program in the specialty of geodesy and land management at the bachelor's level have been determined. Characterized competencies and defined learning outcomes: formation and use of knowledge about geodesy and land management; creation of an information base to ensure the development of land use; formation of spatial provision of territories; to know and apply regulatory and legal support in professional activities; research of retrospective aspects of the formation of geodetic and geospatial provision of territories; carrying out surveys and prospecting, topographic-geodetic, cartographic, project and project-research works in the field of geodesy and land management; application of modern geoinformation systems and technologies for the formation of spatial information; formation of land management documentation of territories; organization and conduct of geodetic and land management works; formation and implementation of recommendations on increasing the efficiency of land use of the territories; creation of conditions for territorial development of land use, taking into account spatial, town-planning, ecological, investment features. As a result of the study, directions for the distribution of hours of educational components according to a modular and disciplinary approach are proposed. Keywords: educational components, educational programs, geodesy and land management, bachelor's level.
{"title":"FORMATION OF EDUCATIONAL COMPONENTS IN THE SPECIALTY OF GEODESY AND LAND SURVEYING AT THE BACHELOR LEVEL","authors":"Liu Chang, V. Velychko, L. Kovalenko","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-167-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-167-171","url":null,"abstract":"It has been proven that the formation of modern approaches to the development of educational components and the application of educational programs allow solving a complex of problematic issues regarding the training of qualified specialists, especially in the field of geodesy and land management. In addition, in recent years there has been a decrease in applicants, an increase in the level of competition between universities. Therefore, creating conditions to ensure the development of higher educational institutions based on attracting applicants is an important and urgent task. The purpose of the study is the formation of educational components in the specialty of geodesy and land management at the bachelor's level, taking into account modern transformational processes. The identified tasks of the research are related to: highlighting the transformational aspects of the formation of educational components at the bachelor's level; characteristics of educational components; determining the results of education at the bachelor's level in the specialty of geodesy and land management. The directions and educational components of the formation of the educational program in the specialty of geodesy and land management at the bachelor's level have been determined. Characterized competencies and defined learning outcomes: formation and use of knowledge about geodesy and land management; creation of an information base to ensure the development of land use; formation of spatial provision of territories; to know and apply regulatory and legal support in professional activities; research of retrospective aspects of the formation of geodetic and geospatial provision of territories; carrying out surveys and prospecting, topographic-geodetic, cartographic, project and project-research works in the field of geodesy and land management; application of modern geoinformation systems and technologies for the formation of spatial information; formation of land management documentation of territories; organization and conduct of geodetic and land management works; formation and implementation of recommendations on increasing the efficiency of land use of the territories; creation of conditions for territorial development of land use, taking into account spatial, town-planning, ecological, investment features. As a result of the study, directions for the distribution of hours of educational components according to a modular and disciplinary approach are proposed. Keywords: educational components, educational programs, geodesy and land management, bachelor's level.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"336 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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