Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-115-119
H. Fomenko
The article considers issues aimed at improving conditions and traffic safety of street and road networks in cities and the possibility of using the functional classification of streets and roads. The development of cities is inextricably linked to the improvement of street and road networks. It is the street-road network that is the chain that connects it with the general ways of communication. The city cannot exist without public roads that provide a large amount of transportation, cargo and passengers, which are distributed among the functional zones of the city. The current regulatory document provides for the distribution of streets and roads, according to the classification into categories, but, unfortunately, their functional component is missing. In Ukraine, works related to the introduction of changes to the regulatory document are underway and are aimed at developing the functional purpose of streets and roads. The norms of the «Committee on Urban Territories», which belongs to the world-famous road association «PIARS» and the work of the special project «ARTISTS», are defined in the European classification. Attention should be paid to the significant variety of features in the European classification. It should be noted that in the USA and Canada, the functional classification provides for the functions of the specified road, and the main feature is «traffic service – access service». The US uses classifications based on the administrative level of the state, subject to the Department of Transportation "DOT" with mandatory consideration of the requirements of counties and municipal agencies. Great importance is attached to the requirements of the «Green book» – a green book belonging to the American Association of Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Canada also has its own distinctions for the preparation of functional classifications, which are based on the «Manual on geometric standards for the design of Canadian roads». They share similar features with the US in terms of defining three categories of streets, namely: Arterial Streets, Collector Streets and Local Streets. Also attracting attention are developments according to pedestrian traffic and low-white population groups. No less interesting are the features of the planning infrastructure in Western Australia. A comfortable environment is declared the official urban planning policy of the State Planning Commission of Western Australia (Western Australian Planning Commission). The concepts of creating a «livable environment» and «livable streets» were considered. In order to create a comfortable environment for living, attractive public spaces, preservation of the environment, the reasons for the concept were also economic factors. The main tasks of designing street and road networks, as well as directions and measures for their solution, are taken into account in the PIARC applications on the functional classification of city streets and roads. These recommendations s
{"title":"THE INTERACTION OF THE FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF STREETS AND ROADS AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT","authors":"H. Fomenko","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-115-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-115-119","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers issues aimed at improving conditions and traffic safety of street and road networks in cities and the possibility of using the functional classification of streets and roads. The development of cities is inextricably linked to the improvement of street and road networks. It is the street-road network that is the chain that connects it with the general ways of communication. The city cannot exist without public roads that provide a large amount of transportation, cargo and passengers, which are distributed among the functional zones of the city. The current regulatory document provides for the distribution of streets and roads, according to the classification into categories, but, unfortunately, their functional component is missing. In Ukraine, works related to the introduction of changes to the regulatory document are underway and are aimed at developing the functional purpose of streets and roads. The norms of the «Committee on Urban Territories», which belongs to the world-famous road association «PIARS» and the work of the special project «ARTISTS», are defined in the European classification. Attention should be paid to the significant variety of features in the European classification. It should be noted that in the USA and Canada, the functional classification provides for the functions of the specified road, and the main feature is «traffic service – access service». The US uses classifications based on the administrative level of the state, subject to the Department of Transportation \"DOT\" with mandatory consideration of the requirements of counties and municipal agencies. Great importance is attached to the requirements of the «Green book» – a green book belonging to the American Association of Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Canada also has its own distinctions for the preparation of functional classifications, which are based on the «Manual on geometric standards for the design of Canadian roads». They share similar features with the US in terms of defining three categories of streets, namely: Arterial Streets, Collector Streets and Local Streets. Also attracting attention are developments according to pedestrian traffic and low-white population groups. No less interesting are the features of the planning infrastructure in Western Australia. A comfortable environment is declared the official urban planning policy of the State Planning Commission of Western Australia (Western Australian Planning Commission). The concepts of creating a «livable environment» and «livable streets» were considered. In order to create a comfortable environment for living, attractive public spaces, preservation of the environment, the reasons for the concept were also economic factors. The main tasks of designing street and road networks, as well as directions and measures for their solution, are taken into account in the PIARC applications on the functional classification of city streets and roads. These recommendations s","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134922734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-80-84
I. Hunko
Digital terrain model (DTM) is an integral part of many geodetic works. It allows accurately reproducing the earth's surface in a digital form with varying levels of detail. One of the most significant problems in creating a DTM is the accuracy of reflecting the relief. In the first part of the work, an analysis of methods that can more detailed reflect the relief was already conducted. For these purposes, the Surfer geoinformation package was selected, which offers a considerable number of methods based on the spatial interpolation algorithm. Although these methods have represented the same area with high detail, there is still a need to assess the accuracy of each method. The purpose of this article is to assess the accuracy of methods for constructing a digital terrain model based on spatial interpolation. Since model accuracy is a crucial factor for many geodetic works, it is necessary to determine which methods are the most accurate and meet the requirements of different purposes of use. The accuracy assessment of methods will improve the efficiency of geodetic works and avoid errors and additional costs. In the Surfer program, after constructing the DTM with each method, a report can be obtained containing the input values of points and the values obtained after interpolation with each method. This report is very useful for assessing the accuracy of each method since it allows understanding how well the model reflects the real relief. To assess the accuracy of each method, control points of the spatial variable Z were taken, and the values in these points were interpolated for each method. This assessment makes it possible to obtain a numerical characteristic of accuracy for each method and compare them with each other. Based on the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that problematic areas were identified on a fragment of a topographic map, where there were insufficient input data for accurate interpolation. The result is not accurate and could be better with input data obtained from geodetic instruments and technologies such as GPS, lidar, etc. The "Natural Neighbor" method performed the best in reproducing the digital elevation model on this hilly terrain. The application of the "Kriging," "Triangulation with Linear Interpolation," "Modified Shepard's Method," and "Radial Basic Function" methods provided fairly accurate interpolation. However, the "Minimum Curvature" method was found to be ineffective in hilly terrain as it did not provide accurate interpolation. After conducting an accuracy assessment, it can be concluded that high-quality input data is an extremely important element in achieving more accurate results when creating a digital elevation model. Keywords: digital elevation model, construction methods, spatial interpolation, geographic information system, Surfer.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF ACCURACY OF DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELING METHODS BASED ON SPATIAL INTERPOLATION (Part 2)","authors":"I. Hunko","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-80-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-80-84","url":null,"abstract":"Digital terrain model (DTM) is an integral part of many geodetic works. It allows accurately reproducing the earth's surface in a digital form with varying levels of detail. One of the most significant problems in creating a DTM is the accuracy of reflecting the relief. In the first part of the work, an analysis of methods that can more detailed reflect the relief was already conducted. For these purposes, the Surfer geoinformation package was selected, which offers a considerable number of methods based on the spatial interpolation algorithm. Although these methods have represented the same area with high detail, there is still a need to assess the accuracy of each method. The purpose of this article is to assess the accuracy of methods for constructing a digital terrain model based on spatial interpolation. Since model accuracy is a crucial factor for many geodetic works, it is necessary to determine which methods are the most accurate and meet the requirements of different purposes of use. The accuracy assessment of methods will improve the efficiency of geodetic works and avoid errors and additional costs. In the Surfer program, after constructing the DTM with each method, a report can be obtained containing the input values of points and the values obtained after interpolation with each method. This report is very useful for assessing the accuracy of each method since it allows understanding how well the model reflects the real relief. To assess the accuracy of each method, control points of the spatial variable Z were taken, and the values in these points were interpolated for each method. This assessment makes it possible to obtain a numerical characteristic of accuracy for each method and compare them with each other. Based on the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that problematic areas were identified on a fragment of a topographic map, where there were insufficient input data for accurate interpolation. The result is not accurate and could be better with input data obtained from geodetic instruments and technologies such as GPS, lidar, etc. The \"Natural Neighbor\" method performed the best in reproducing the digital elevation model on this hilly terrain. The application of the \"Kriging,\" \"Triangulation with Linear Interpolation,\" \"Modified Shepard's Method,\" and \"Radial Basic Function\" methods provided fairly accurate interpolation. However, the \"Minimum Curvature\" method was found to be ineffective in hilly terrain as it did not provide accurate interpolation. After conducting an accuracy assessment, it can be concluded that high-quality input data is an extremely important element in achieving more accurate results when creating a digital elevation model. Keywords: digital elevation model, construction methods, spatial interpolation, geographic information system, Surfer.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134922592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-57-62
P. Firsov, S. Nadtochiy
Scientific work is devoted to research of stress-strain state of PD2-9,5 road slabs, reinforced with identical frames made of fiberglass reinforcement and metal reinforcement A500C of the 10th diameter. In order to verify the hypothesis regarding the possibility of equal-strength replacement of metal reinforcement with composite reinforcement of a smaller diameter, glass composite reinforcement of the 7th diameter was used to reinforce the slab. To determine the actual bearing capacity, due to the application of a uniformly distributed load, a calculation scheme with a "beam" slab, i.e., resting on two supports, was applied. During the experiment, it was determined that the appearance, formation, and opening of normal cracks in both tested slabs corresponds to the "classic" nature of crack formation in reinforced concrete elements operating in bending. After the destruction of the slab reinforced with fiberglass composite reinforcement, numerous structural cracks of a mesh nature were recorded, with different degrees of branching, mainly in the lateral central part and in the lower (stretched) zone. The total final deflection in the center of the slab reinforced with fiberglass composite reinforcement at the time of failure was 3,41 cm, which significantly exceeds the permissible value for the span length L < 3 m. At the same time, the total deflection in the center of the slab reinforced with metal reinforcement at the current maximum uniformly distributed load ( without complete destruction of the slab) is 1,06 cm, which meets the generally accepted construction requirements. It was established that the actual bearing capacity of the road slab reinforced with A500C metal reinforcement is higher by 2,3 times than the bearing capacity of a slab with similar fiberglass composite reinforcement. This fact does not give grounds for asserting the effective use of Ø7 mm fiberglass composite reinforcement as a conditionally “equal-strength” replacement of Ø10 mm class A500C metal reinforcement when reinforcing elements of a similar type. To ensure structural requirements, it is necessary to significantly increase the diameter of the applied composite reinforcement, or, as an option, use combined reinforcement with a simultaneous combination of metal and composite reinforcement. Keywords: strength, composite reinforcement, stress-strain state, road slab.
科学研究了pd2 -9,5路板的应力-应变状态，采用相同的框架，由玻璃纤维钢筋和10径的金属钢筋A500C进行加固。为了验证直径较小的复合钢筋可以等强度替代金属钢筋的假设，采用直径为7的玻璃复合钢筋对板进行加固。为了确定实际承载力，由于均布荷载的作用，采用了“梁”板即两个支座的计算方案。在实验过程中，确定了两个测试板中正常裂缝的外观，形成和开放符合钢筋混凝土构件在弯曲操作中裂缝形成的“经典”性质。玻璃纤维复合增强板破坏后，记录到大量网状结构裂缝，裂缝具有不同程度的分支，主要集中在中部外侧和下部(受拉)区。在破坏时，玻璃纤维复合加固板中心的总最终挠度为3.41 cm，明显超过跨长L <的允许值;3 m。同时，在当前最大均布荷载作用下(不使楼板完全破坏)，金属配筋楼板中心总挠度为1.06 cm，满足普遍接受的施工要求。结果表明，采用A500C金属配筋的路面板的实际承载力比采用类似玻璃纤维复合配筋的路面板的承载力提高了2.3倍。这一事实并不能作为断言Ø7 mm玻璃纤维复合钢筋作为Ø10 mm A500C类金属钢筋的有条件“等强度”替代的有效依据。为了确保结构要求，有必要显著增加所应用的复合钢筋的直径，或者，作为一种选择，使用金属和复合钢筋同时结合的组合钢筋。关键词:强度;复合配筋;应力-应变状态;
{"title":"RESEARCH OF THE STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY OF ROAD SLABS REINFORCED WITH SMALL DIAMETER COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT","authors":"P. Firsov, S. Nadtochiy","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-57-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-57-62","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific work is devoted to research of stress-strain state of PD2-9,5 road slabs, reinforced with identical frames made of fiberglass reinforcement and metal reinforcement A500C of the 10th diameter. In order to verify the hypothesis regarding the possibility of equal-strength replacement of metal reinforcement with composite reinforcement of a smaller diameter, glass composite reinforcement of the 7th diameter was used to reinforce the slab. To determine the actual bearing capacity, due to the application of a uniformly distributed load, a calculation scheme with a \"beam\" slab, i.e., resting on two supports, was applied. During the experiment, it was determined that the appearance, formation, and opening of normal cracks in both tested slabs corresponds to the \"classic\" nature of crack formation in reinforced concrete elements operating in bending. After the destruction of the slab reinforced with fiberglass composite reinforcement, numerous structural cracks of a mesh nature were recorded, with different degrees of branching, mainly in the lateral central part and in the lower (stretched) zone. The total final deflection in the center of the slab reinforced with fiberglass composite reinforcement at the time of failure was 3,41 cm, which significantly exceeds the permissible value for the span length L < 3 m. At the same time, the total deflection in the center of the slab reinforced with metal reinforcement at the current maximum uniformly distributed load ( without complete destruction of the slab) is 1,06 cm, which meets the generally accepted construction requirements. It was established that the actual bearing capacity of the road slab reinforced with A500C metal reinforcement is higher by 2,3 times than the bearing capacity of a slab with similar fiberglass composite reinforcement. This fact does not give grounds for asserting the effective use of Ø7 mm fiberglass composite reinforcement as a conditionally “equal-strength” replacement of Ø10 mm class A500C metal reinforcement when reinforcing elements of a similar type. To ensure structural requirements, it is necessary to significantly increase the diameter of the applied composite reinforcement, or, as an option, use combined reinforcement with a simultaneous combination of metal and composite reinforcement. Keywords: strength, composite reinforcement, stress-strain state, road slab.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134922593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-2-9
V. Harasymiv, T. Harasymiv, O. Moyseenko
The paper is aimed to create the mathematical model of the centrifugal compressor based on the group method of data handling-type neural networks to determine the compressor volumetric flow rate as the dependence on the centrifugal compressor’s technological parameters (the rotor’s angular velocity, the compressor’s inlet and outlet temperatures, the compressor’s inlet and outlet pressures, the atmospheric pressure). It is the important scientific task, because most centrifugal compressors used in the process industry don’t have equipment needed to measure the volumetric flow rate. It does not allow to estimate the compressor’s technical state during its operation. Verification of the developed model has been performed, based on the 336 data points (collected from the field measurements) and with using the centrifugal compressor of natural gas (16ГЦ2-395/53-76C) of Dolyna linear production administration of gas transmittal pipelines. The test results have been showed the adequate efficiency of the mathematical model. Keywords: volume flow, centrifugal supercharger, mathematical model, method of group consideration of arguments, neural networks, technological parameters, correlation coefficient.
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR","authors":"V. Harasymiv, T. Harasymiv, O. Moyseenko","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-2-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-2-9","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is aimed to create the mathematical model of the centrifugal compressor based on the group method of data handling-type neural networks to determine the compressor volumetric flow rate as the dependence on the centrifugal compressor’s technological parameters (the rotor’s angular velocity, the compressor’s inlet and outlet temperatures, the compressor’s inlet and outlet pressures, the atmospheric pressure). It is the important scientific task, because most centrifugal compressors used in the process industry don’t have equipment needed to measure the volumetric flow rate. It does not allow to estimate the compressor’s technical state during its operation. Verification of the developed model has been performed, based on the 336 data points (collected from the field measurements) and with using the centrifugal compressor of natural gas (16ГЦ2-395/53-76C) of Dolyna linear production administration of gas transmittal pipelines. The test results have been showed the adequate efficiency of the mathematical model. Keywords: volume flow, centrifugal supercharger, mathematical model, method of group consideration of arguments, neural networks, technological parameters, correlation coefficient.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134922889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-28-36
M. Votinov, O. Smirnova
The article is devoted to the review of international sports competitions. The article is devoted the research of the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of sports facilities in Ukraine. The conceptual apparatus of the research has been studied. It was determined that modern sports complexes are a set of sports facilities of universal purpose, the construction of which is carried out according to a single project documentation. It has been established that they are large-scale structures, which are distinguished by originality and non-standard constructions and forms, in which complex design, technical and engineering solutions are implemented. The complex also includes outdoor playgrounds, athletics playgrounds, and outdoor water sports objects. Such buildings and complexes are intended for holding various sports events. An analysis of the domestic experience of the formation of sports buildings and complexes in the urban environment was carried out. The main international sports competitions are considered. The coverage of the main sports events and the analysis of the formation of significant sports facilities in Ukraine made it possible to determine that the modern stage is characterized by the active implementation of multi-functionality and transformation methods, universality and saturation of sports facilities with engineering infrastructure and high-tech elements. The peculiarities and directions of the formation of sports objects in Ukraine are revealed. Specificity, methods of formation of modern sports complexes are determined. Based on the analysis of the formation of domestic sports objects, the main modern requirements for their improvement have been determined. A number of modern requirements for improving the methods of operating sports facilities and complexes and increasing the efficiency of their use have been determined. The algorithm of the conceptual approach to the improvement of sports facilities and complexes in the structure of the urban environment is revealed. Keywords: architecture, sports competitions, sports objects, urban environment.
{"title":"REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL SPORTS COMPETITIONS AND SIGNIFICANT SPORTS BUILDINGS IN UKRAINE","authors":"M. Votinov, O. Smirnova","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-28-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-28-36","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the review of international sports competitions. The article is devoted the research of the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of sports facilities in Ukraine. The conceptual apparatus of the research has been studied. It was determined that modern sports complexes are a set of sports facilities of universal purpose, the construction of which is carried out according to a single project documentation. It has been established that they are large-scale structures, which are distinguished by originality and non-standard constructions and forms, in which complex design, technical and engineering solutions are implemented. The complex also includes outdoor playgrounds, athletics playgrounds, and outdoor water sports objects. Such buildings and complexes are intended for holding various sports events. An analysis of the domestic experience of the formation of sports buildings and complexes in the urban environment was carried out. The main international sports competitions are considered. The coverage of the main sports events and the analysis of the formation of significant sports facilities in Ukraine made it possible to determine that the modern stage is characterized by the active implementation of multi-functionality and transformation methods, universality and saturation of sports facilities with engineering infrastructure and high-tech elements. The peculiarities and directions of the formation of sports objects in Ukraine are revealed. Specificity, methods of formation of modern sports complexes are determined. Based on the analysis of the formation of domestic sports objects, the main modern requirements for their improvement have been determined. A number of modern requirements for improving the methods of operating sports facilities and complexes and increasing the efficiency of their use have been determined. The algorithm of the conceptual approach to the improvement of sports facilities and complexes in the structure of the urban environment is revealed. Keywords: architecture, sports competitions, sports objects, urban environment.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134922100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-1-175-176-181
A. Miasoiedova, M. Divizinyuk, A. Khmyrova, R. Shevchenko, O. Shevchenko
The work is devoted to the solution of an actual scientific task in the field of civil protection, namely, the development of a new model for the prevention of emergency situations of a terrorist nature at the objects of the critical infrastructure of Ukraine, which are protected, by means of timely detection and identification of small unmanned aerial vehicles by active optoelectronic means. Based on the analysis, it was established that one of the trends in the development of terrorist scenarios at protected critical infrastructure facilities is the use of various small manned and unmanned aerial vehicles to carry out terrorist acts. This work is a continuation of the cycle of previous works on the development of a structural and logical model for managing an emergency situation of a terrorist nature at an object of critical infrastructure of Ukraine, which is protected, caused by the appearance of small-sized aerial targets, intended for the development and constant implementation of procedures of an organizational and technical nature to ensure the safety of the object to the guarded object, when small air targets appear. A mathematical model for the detection of signals reflected from small aerial targets using active optical systems using the phenomena of light absorption and scattering in optically transparent media has been developed, which represents a system of four analytical dependencies. Thus, the mathematical model of detecting signals reflected from small unmanned aerial vehicles using active optical systems using the phenomena of light absorption and scattering in optically transparent media is a system of four analytical dependencies. The first of them allows you to calculate the probability of detecting signals reflected from small air targets. The second determines the expected detection range. The third describes the geometric detection range. The fourth is the energy detection range of signals reflected from small unmanned aerial vehicles by optical systems. Further research will be directed to conducting field experiments, performed using a specially designed laboratory setup, and theoretical calculations of the value of expected target detection activities as part of numerous experiments that should prove the reliability of the results obtained in the work. Keywords: emergency situation, small unmanned aerial vehicle, violator, model, protected object.
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF DETECTION OF SMALL UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES USING ACTIVE OPTICAL SYSTEMS","authors":"A. Miasoiedova, M. Divizinyuk, A. Khmyrova, R. Shevchenko, O. Shevchenko","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-1-175-176-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-1-175-176-181","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the solution of an actual scientific task in the field of civil protection, namely, the development of a new model for the prevention of emergency situations of a terrorist nature at the objects of the critical infrastructure of Ukraine, which are protected, by means of timely detection and identification of small unmanned aerial vehicles by active optoelectronic means. Based on the analysis, it was established that one of the trends in the development of terrorist scenarios at protected critical infrastructure facilities is the use of various small manned and unmanned aerial vehicles to carry out terrorist acts. This work is a continuation of the cycle of previous works on the development of a structural and logical model for managing an emergency situation of a terrorist nature at an object of critical infrastructure of Ukraine, which is protected, caused by the appearance of small-sized aerial targets, intended for the development and constant implementation of procedures of an organizational and technical nature to ensure the safety of the object to the guarded object, when small air targets appear. A mathematical model for the detection of signals reflected from small aerial targets using active optical systems using the phenomena of light absorption and scattering in optically transparent media has been developed, which represents a system of four analytical dependencies. Thus, the mathematical model of detecting signals reflected from small unmanned aerial vehicles using active optical systems using the phenomena of light absorption and scattering in optically transparent media is a system of four analytical dependencies. The first of them allows you to calculate the probability of detecting signals reflected from small air targets. The second determines the expected detection range. The third describes the geometric detection range. The fourth is the energy detection range of signals reflected from small unmanned aerial vehicles by optical systems. Further research will be directed to conducting field experiments, performed using a specially designed laboratory setup, and theoretical calculations of the value of expected target detection activities as part of numerous experiments that should prove the reliability of the results obtained in the work. Keywords: emergency situation, small unmanned aerial vehicle, violator, model, protected object.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135382491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-2-176-8-13
I. Ostrovskyi, N. Mozhaikina
The article examines the theoretical problems of reforming pension systems, taking into account the experience of developed countries. Attention is focused on the problems of population aging and increasing demographic burden on the working population. The variety of approaches to the formation of the pension insurance system is analyzed. The relevance of the inclusion of indicators of the theoretical percentage of replacement of labor income by pension and the aggregate percentage of replacement for the modeling of the three-level pension system is emphasized. The problem of pension provision for citizens is particularly relevant for Ukraine, which has been experiencing a steady depopulation of the population for the past 30 years. Under such circumstances, it is very relevant to study theoretical justifications and statistical measurements, generalize the experience of developed countries, take into account the variety of approaches and develop national priorities and directions for reforming the pension system of Ukraine. Demographic changes present pension systems with complex issues of ensuring the fairness and adequacy of pension payments, the sustainability of the systems themselves, and achieving intergenerational equality. The degree of implementation of the function of smoothing citizens' incomes after the termination of employment by various pension systems is partially characterized by the indicator of the theoretical percentage of replacement of labor income by pension (TRR). The replacement rate shows the estimated amount of the hypothetical pension of an employee with an average salary during the first year after the appointment of a pension compared to the earnings before retirement in the base case (with a 40-year career and retirement at the official retirement age). Another possible indicator of the level of pension provision — the aggregated replacement rate (ARR) — shows the ratio of the median income of persons of the retirement age group to the median income from work of the population of the pre-retirement decade. The trends of increasing the retirement age and the introduction of various savings programs to increase personal interest in pension insurance are characteristic not only of countries with a high, but also with an average and below-average level of economic development. Keywords: population aging, demographic burden, pension systems, theoretical percentage of labor income by pension replacement, aggregated percentage of replacement.
{"title":"THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL LABOR MIGRATION AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF EXTERNAL SHOCKS","authors":"I. Ostrovskyi, N. Mozhaikina","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-2-176-8-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-2-176-8-13","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the theoretical problems of reforming pension systems, taking into account the experience of developed countries. Attention is focused on the problems of population aging and increasing demographic burden on the working population. The variety of approaches to the formation of the pension insurance system is analyzed. The relevance of the inclusion of indicators of the theoretical percentage of replacement of labor income by pension and the aggregate percentage of replacement for the modeling of the three-level pension system is emphasized. The problem of pension provision for citizens is particularly relevant for Ukraine, which has been experiencing a steady depopulation of the population for the past 30 years. Under such circumstances, it is very relevant to study theoretical justifications and statistical measurements, generalize the experience of developed countries, take into account the variety of approaches and develop national priorities and directions for reforming the pension system of Ukraine. Demographic changes present pension systems with complex issues of ensuring the fairness and adequacy of pension payments, the sustainability of the systems themselves, and achieving intergenerational equality. The degree of implementation of the function of smoothing citizens' incomes after the termination of employment by various pension systems is partially characterized by the indicator of the theoretical percentage of replacement of labor income by pension (TRR). The replacement rate shows the estimated amount of the hypothetical pension of an employee with an average salary during the first year after the appointment of a pension compared to the earnings before retirement in the base case (with a 40-year career and retirement at the official retirement age). Another possible indicator of the level of pension provision — the aggregated replacement rate (ARR) — shows the ratio of the median income of persons of the retirement age group to the median income from work of the population of the pre-retirement decade. The trends of increasing the retirement age and the introduction of various savings programs to increase personal interest in pension insurance are characteristic not only of countries with a high, but also with an average and below-average level of economic development. Keywords: population aging, demographic burden, pension systems, theoretical percentage of labor income by pension replacement, aggregated percentage of replacement.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135382670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-1-175-189-195
M. Vorozhbiian, M. Ivashchenko, O. Skrypnyk, A. Rogozin
Railway transport is a huge energetic system, the functioning of which is determined by the coordinated work of thousands of employees of various specialties, including dispatchers and locomotive drivers. In the "man-technical system-production environment" system, a person is the "weakest link", determining the reliability and safety of the system's functioning as a whole. Studies show that the driver's work in conditions of high-speed traffic involves a high level of stress on the nervous analyzers, as well as the functions of memory and attention, which leads to their rapid fatigue. The level of fatigue obtained as a result of the work shift is unacceptable for most workers, monitoring the level of functional reliability of the worker can be an effective means of combating accumulated fatigue. The problems of ensuring the normal life of workers in dangerous professions in modern social and industrial conditions are caused primarily by the intense influence of negative social, professional and other factors that cause the development of adverse mental states and overstrain of psychophysiological functions. All this creates stressful situations, both in society in general and for every person. Of course, in addition to the above-mentioned stresses, an important place in the activity of a human operator is occupied by professional stress, which is constantly present. The systemic impact of stress has both an immediate and remote nature. Experimental studies have established that it reduces the level of functional reliability of the "human operator". Such states include, first of all, fatigue, stress and borderline states (between health and illness). Such indicators can be an indicator of high danger of such a relevant phenomenon for the transport industry as sudden ischemic death. A distinction is made between the slow and operational components of performance, while the slow (trend) does not change for a long time (month, years), and the operational (functional state) changes in the form of "peaks", "declines" or a relatively flat "plateau" during hours. It follows from this that in order to maintain the appropriate level of safety of the transport process, it is necessary to implement control of the level of efficiency of railway operators, including its trending part, taking into account the presence of constant stresses today. It is necessary to conduct monitoring as a prediction of early diagnosis of changes in the functional state of operators, and therefore the state of professional reliability. Keywords: safety, ergonomics, diagnostics, professional reliability, level of functional reliability, trend component.
{"title":"ERGONOMICS AS A SAFETY FACTOR IN THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY","authors":"M. Vorozhbiian, M. Ivashchenko, O. Skrypnyk, A. Rogozin","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-1-175-189-195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-1-175-189-195","url":null,"abstract":"Railway transport is a huge energetic system, the functioning of which is determined by the coordinated work of thousands of employees of various specialties, including dispatchers and locomotive drivers. In the \"man-technical system-production environment\" system, a person is the \"weakest link\", determining the reliability and safety of the system's functioning as a whole. Studies show that the driver's work in conditions of high-speed traffic involves a high level of stress on the nervous analyzers, as well as the functions of memory and attention, which leads to their rapid fatigue. The level of fatigue obtained as a result of the work shift is unacceptable for most workers, monitoring the level of functional reliability of the worker can be an effective means of combating accumulated fatigue. The problems of ensuring the normal life of workers in dangerous professions in modern social and industrial conditions are caused primarily by the intense influence of negative social, professional and other factors that cause the development of adverse mental states and overstrain of psychophysiological functions. All this creates stressful situations, both in society in general and for every person. Of course, in addition to the above-mentioned stresses, an important place in the activity of a human operator is occupied by professional stress, which is constantly present. The systemic impact of stress has both an immediate and remote nature. Experimental studies have established that it reduces the level of functional reliability of the \"human operator\". Such states include, first of all, fatigue, stress and borderline states (between health and illness). Such indicators can be an indicator of high danger of such a relevant phenomenon for the transport industry as sudden ischemic death. A distinction is made between the slow and operational components of performance, while the slow (trend) does not change for a long time (month, years), and the operational (functional state) changes in the form of \"peaks\", \"declines\" or a relatively flat \"plateau\" during hours. It follows from this that in order to maintain the appropriate level of safety of the transport process, it is necessary to implement control of the level of efficiency of railway operators, including its trending part, taking into account the presence of constant stresses today. It is necessary to conduct monitoring as a prediction of early diagnosis of changes in the functional state of operators, and therefore the state of professional reliability. Keywords: safety, ergonomics, diagnostics, professional reliability, level of functional reliability, trend component.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135382679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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