Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-206-209
M. Kravtsov
In the following time, we received information from many countries of the world about accidents related to fires and explosions of motor vehicles with electric and hybrid vehicles. The popularity of such news is caused by the fact that accidents and fires of cars with internal combustion engines have long become commonplace, which do not attract the attention of the general public. However, many numerous and conducted scientific studies say about the danger of electric and hybrid vehicle models with lithium-ion batteries that they are greatly exaggerated, i.e., damage to the traction battery (battery) can cause a self-destructive chain reaction, but the degree the danger of electrolyte is less than that of gasoline or diesel fuel and much less than that of hydrogen fuel in hybrid modifications. The article examines the causes of the fire hazard of electric and hybrid cars and their consequences. Scientific reasons and innovations regarding the prevention and immediate elimination of short circuits, fires and explosions in the closed space of lithium-ion batteries during the operation of electric hybrid cars are provided. Electric vehicles and hybrids tend to suffer from traction battery technical and other issues. Although a battery flash is dangerous and more difficult to extinguish than a gas flash, the cause of the fire is usually different and these results are found in a defect in the battery pack: "ruptured anode" and "complex separator". The Hyundai Kona and Chevrolet Bolt EV had the most electric vehicle recalls related to fires this year, totaling 152,000 vehicles, while the top two hybrid recalls totaled more than 32,000 vehicles. A lithium-ion type of car catches fire usually not immediately, but after some time. This determines the driver and passengers to immediately leave the interior of the vehicle. When extinguishing a fire, there is a risk of damage to passengers, eyewitnesses and others who are near it by the electric current of high-voltage systems. It is recommended to get out of the interior of the car engulfed in fire and smoke in a timely manner and call the rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations by calling the emergency service. The main task of the firefighters who arrived in the city at the first stage of the event was to disconnect the high-voltage cable using an emergency disconnector or mechanically and to disconnect the high-voltage traction battery. Although the risk of flash in EVs and hybrids exists, it may be receiving a disproportionate amount of attention. It is important for car manufacturers to eliminate the risk of ignition in their vehicles as much as possible, but obviously no form of driving is completely safe. Keywords: hybrid and electricand car, fire, explosion, lithium-ion battery.
{"title":"FIRE HAZARD OF HYBRID AND ELECTRICAND VEHICLES","authors":"M. Kravtsov","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-206-209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-206-209","url":null,"abstract":"In the following time, we received information from many countries of the world about accidents related to fires and explosions of motor vehicles with electric and hybrid vehicles. The popularity of such news is caused by the fact that accidents and fires of cars with internal combustion engines have long become commonplace, which do not attract the attention of the general public. However, many numerous and conducted scientific studies say about the danger of electric and hybrid vehicle models with lithium-ion batteries that they are greatly exaggerated, i.e., damage to the traction battery (battery) can cause a self-destructive chain reaction, but the degree the danger of electrolyte is less than that of gasoline or diesel fuel and much less than that of hydrogen fuel in hybrid modifications. The article examines the causes of the fire hazard of electric and hybrid cars and their consequences. Scientific reasons and innovations regarding the prevention and immediate elimination of short circuits, fires and explosions in the closed space of lithium-ion batteries during the operation of electric hybrid cars are provided. Electric vehicles and hybrids tend to suffer from traction battery technical and other issues. Although a battery flash is dangerous and more difficult to extinguish than a gas flash, the cause of the fire is usually different and these results are found in a defect in the battery pack: \"ruptured anode\" and \"complex separator\". The Hyundai Kona and Chevrolet Bolt EV had the most electric vehicle recalls related to fires this year, totaling 152,000 vehicles, while the top two hybrid recalls totaled more than 32,000 vehicles. A lithium-ion type of car catches fire usually not immediately, but after some time. This determines the driver and passengers to immediately leave the interior of the vehicle. When extinguishing a fire, there is a risk of damage to passengers, eyewitnesses and others who are near it by the electric current of high-voltage systems. It is recommended to get out of the interior of the car engulfed in fire and smoke in a timely manner and call the rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations by calling the emergency service. The main task of the firefighters who arrived in the city at the first stage of the event was to disconnect the high-voltage cable using an emergency disconnector or mechanically and to disconnect the high-voltage traction battery. Although the risk of flash in EVs and hybrids exists, it may be receiving a disproportionate amount of attention. It is important for car manufacturers to eliminate the risk of ignition in their vehicles as much as possible, but obviously no form of driving is completely safe. Keywords: hybrid and electricand car, fire, explosion, lithium-ion battery.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-45-54
G. Osychenko, O. Tyshkevysh
The study conducted a retrospective analysis of the genesis, formation and development of a general secondary education institutions network in rural areas of Ukraine. Taking into account the broad socio - cultural and political contexts, stages of rural schools network formation related to the emergence of a network (stage 1), its functioning (stage 2), transformation and consolidation of the existing network (stage 3) were revealed, development of the existing network at the expense of active development low -complex schools and schools with low -content classes (stage 4), new enlargement of the school network (stage 5). It is determined that the emergence of a rural schools network is related to democratic trends both by the totalitarian state and by the local initiative from below - by provincial and county zemstvos. And in the stages of formation of a schools network, dynamic and cyclical fluctuations from the democratic principles of formation from below and taking into account the interests of the population in formal administration by a totalitarian state are traced. The dependence of the formation of a schools network and its quality on the state policy on the formation of the system rural population and territorial-administrative reforms is established. The tendency of increasing enlargement of the schools network and cultural and household services in rural areas has been identified, which in turn leads to inequality of access to the services of rural and urban population and accordingly causes the outflow of the population from the villages. The need for more flexible planning of the network, taking into account local features, the need for individualization of approaches to the formation of networks in different territorial communities and regions, which can be facilitated in recent years by domestic scientists network models of integration, cooperation of educational institutions and complex training of various age groups. In order to achieve the goals of sustainable development of the country, it is necessary to form an effective network of pre -school and extracurricular education institutions, general secondary education, creating conditions for the possibility of learning throughout life. Keywords: school network, general secondary education institution, rural school, school building.
{"title":"STAGES OF FORMATION OF A NETWORK OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN A RURAL LOCATION OF UKRAINE","authors":"G. Osychenko, O. Tyshkevysh","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-45-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-45-54","url":null,"abstract":"The study conducted a retrospective analysis of the genesis, formation and development of a general secondary education institutions network in rural areas of Ukraine. Taking into account the broad socio - cultural and political contexts, stages of rural schools network formation related to the emergence of a network (stage 1), its functioning (stage 2), transformation and consolidation of the existing network (stage 3) were revealed, development of the existing network at the expense of active development low -complex schools and schools with low -content classes (stage 4), new enlargement of the school network (stage 5). It is determined that the emergence of a rural schools network is related to democratic trends both by the totalitarian state and by the local initiative from below - by provincial and county zemstvos. And in the stages of formation of a schools network, dynamic and cyclical fluctuations from the democratic principles of formation from below and taking into account the interests of the population in formal administration by a totalitarian state are traced. The dependence of the formation of a schools network and its quality on the state policy on the formation of the system rural population and territorial-administrative reforms is established. The tendency of increasing enlargement of the schools network and cultural and household services in rural areas has been identified, which in turn leads to inequality of access to the services of rural and urban population and accordingly causes the outflow of the population from the villages. The need for more flexible planning of the network, taking into account local features, the need for individualization of approaches to the formation of networks in different territorial communities and regions, which can be facilitated in recent years by domestic scientists network models of integration, cooperation of educational institutions and complex training of various age groups. In order to achieve the goals of sustainable development of the country, it is necessary to form an effective network of pre -school and extracurricular education institutions, general secondary education, creating conditions for the possibility of learning throughout life. Keywords: school network, general secondary education institution, rural school, school building.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135454008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-33-37
A. Reshetchenko, V. Iurchenko, N. Kurakova, O. Vorobiov
In order to implement the state environmental policy and ensure environmental safety, a number of normative legal acts, laws and state standards have been implemented on the territory of Ukraine. Special attention was paid to the State Targeted Environmental Program for the Management of Radioactive Waste, the main principle of which is the implementation of the protection of the population and the natural environment in order to create safe conditions for the existence of current and future generations and ensure sustainable development. The article highlights the results of research and development works on the development and certification of a set of packaging type IR-2 for the transportation and temporary storage of low- and medium-level solid radioactive waste KTTZ-NS-1-02.00.00, as a key element of environmental protection technologies during handling with radioactive waste. The urgent task of handling radioactive waste, which is caused by the accumulation of a significant amount of sludge in the territories of the oil and gas production complex enterprises and requires temporary storage and transportation, has been solved, as a prerequisite for increasing the efficiency of ensuring the environmental safety of the mentioned objects of formation. The technical characteristics of the packaging kit are described in detail, schematic drawings are provided, and the main parameters and dimensions of the developed packaging kit type IR-2 are provided. The scheme of the main stages of the testing of this packaging set and the certificates obtained as a result of such work, which were carried out jointly with representatives of the State Inspection of Nuclear Regulation, are presented. The developed packaging set significantly exceeds the performance of the packaging set currently used in temporary storage facilities. Keywords: environmental safety, technogenically enhanced radioactive waste, protection technologies, containers, low- and medium-level waste.
{"title":"CONTAINER STORAGE AS AN ELEMENT OF ENHANCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AND A STATE POLICY TOOL FOR DEALING WITH TECHNOLOGICALLY ENHANCED SOURCES OF IONIZING RADIATION","authors":"A. Reshetchenko, V. Iurchenko, N. Kurakova, O. Vorobiov","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-33-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-33-37","url":null,"abstract":"In order to implement the state environmental policy and ensure environmental safety, a number of normative legal acts, laws and state standards have been implemented on the territory of Ukraine. Special attention was paid to the State Targeted Environmental Program for the Management of Radioactive Waste, the main principle of which is the implementation of the protection of the population and the natural environment in order to create safe conditions for the existence of current and future generations and ensure sustainable development. The article highlights the results of research and development works on the development and certification of a set of packaging type IR-2 for the transportation and temporary storage of low- and medium-level solid radioactive waste KTTZ-NS-1-02.00.00, as a key element of environmental protection technologies during handling with radioactive waste. The urgent task of handling radioactive waste, which is caused by the accumulation of a significant amount of sludge in the territories of the oil and gas production complex enterprises and requires temporary storage and transportation, has been solved, as a prerequisite for increasing the efficiency of ensuring the environmental safety of the mentioned objects of formation. The technical characteristics of the packaging kit are described in detail, schematic drawings are provided, and the main parameters and dimensions of the developed packaging kit type IR-2 are provided. The scheme of the main stages of the testing of this packaging set and the certificates obtained as a result of such work, which were carried out jointly with representatives of the State Inspection of Nuclear Regulation, are presented. The developed packaging set significantly exceeds the performance of the packaging set currently used in temporary storage facilities. Keywords: environmental safety, technogenically enhanced radioactive waste, protection technologies, containers, low- and medium-level waste.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-55-64
M. Votinov, O. Smirnova
The article is devoted to the analysis and research of modern practical experience of designing residential objects in the urban environment. The conceptual foundations of the architectural design of modern residential buildings and complexes are considered. Features of modern architectural form-making and 3-D printing of residential objects are determined. It was determined that the architectural concepts of modern residential objects should be built based on the connection of several directions (ecology, urban planning, architecture of buildings and structures with the introduction of landscape design tools) and methods of modern shaping. It has been established that the shaping of modern residential objects is a process of implementing the design model of the building, which includes the choice of assembling form elements and subsystems of the building into a single system. It has been established that the architectural design of modern residential objects is based on the requirements and methods of creation that include: the algorithm of the process of forming the shape of a modern residential building, the interaction of subsystems of a residential building, the selection of the dominant subsystem with its reflection on the external form of the building, the type of basic form, the characteristic methods of forming the shape of a modern residential building, the compositional interaction between the elements of the architectural form of a modern residential building. The article pays attention to the modern theory of architectural space. The authors outline the ways of system improvement of modern residential buildings in the future. The impact of the latest technologies on the main parameters of modern residential objects has been revealed. Four directions of development of modern residential buildings and complexes in the urban environment in the future have been identified. These directions are related to the application of innovative technologies, new building materials, functional intensification of the infrastructure of the residential environment, creation of multifunctional residential objects, development of large-scale characteristics of buildings, use of natural components in the architectural design of modern residential objects. Prospective techniques for improving the formation of local residential units are defined. Keywords: architecture, modern housing, formation, infrastructure, new technologies, 3-D printing, urban environment.
{"title":"MODERN ARCHITECTURAL FORMATION AND 3D PRINTING OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS","authors":"M. Votinov, O. Smirnova","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-55-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-55-64","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis and research of modern practical experience of designing residential objects in the urban environment. The conceptual foundations of the architectural design of modern residential buildings and complexes are considered. Features of modern architectural form-making and 3-D printing of residential objects are determined. It was determined that the architectural concepts of modern residential objects should be built based on the connection of several directions (ecology, urban planning, architecture of buildings and structures with the introduction of landscape design tools) and methods of modern shaping. It has been established that the shaping of modern residential objects is a process of implementing the design model of the building, which includes the choice of assembling form elements and subsystems of the building into a single system. It has been established that the architectural design of modern residential objects is based on the requirements and methods of creation that include: the algorithm of the process of forming the shape of a modern residential building, the interaction of subsystems of a residential building, the selection of the dominant subsystem with its reflection on the external form of the building, the type of basic form, the characteristic methods of forming the shape of a modern residential building, the compositional interaction between the elements of the architectural form of a modern residential building. The article pays attention to the modern theory of architectural space. The authors outline the ways of system improvement of modern residential buildings in the future. The impact of the latest technologies on the main parameters of modern residential objects has been revealed. Four directions of development of modern residential buildings and complexes in the urban environment in the future have been identified. These directions are related to the application of innovative technologies, new building materials, functional intensification of the infrastructure of the residential environment, creation of multifunctional residential objects, development of large-scale characteristics of buildings, use of natural components in the architectural design of modern residential objects. Prospective techniques for improving the formation of local residential units are defined. Keywords: architecture, modern housing, formation, infrastructure, new technologies, 3-D printing, urban environment.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-219-231
R. Maiboroda, Yu. Otrosh, N. Rashkevich, R. Melezhyk
The authors conducted an analysis of the current state of evacuation of low-mobility population groups from high-rise residential buildings in the event of a fire. The analysis of the literature made it possible to formulate a number of obstacles to the effective evacuation of people from high-rise residential buildings. Norms in the field of fire safety are not perfect and, as a rule, are aimed at ordinary categories of citizens. The goal of approaches to evacuation calculations is to reduce the time it takes to evacuate residents of a high-rise building in the event of a fire. The authors substantiated the possibility of safe self-evacuation in the event of a fire of the less mobile population groups using fire elevators. Mathematical and graphical calculations of people's evacuation time were carried out using the Pathfinder software complex with the use (without use) of fire elevators. The authors performed a mathematical calculation of the time of evacuation of people and the time of blocking by dangerous factors of fire evacuation routes during a fire in accordance with the methodology of DSTU 8828:2019 Fire safety. Terms. Kyiv: Technical Committee "Fire Safety and Fire Fighting Equipment". To confirm the effectiveness of using fire elevators for the evacuation of people belonging to the M4 population groups with limited mobility (disabled people who move around in wheelchairs), the calculation part was performed. The object of the calculations is a high-rise apartment building on the street. Baidy Vyshnevetskoho, 68 in Cherkasy. The authors determined the dependence of the evacuation time on the movement parameters of people of different mobility groups. The authors compared calculations of evacuation time by stairwell and using fire elevators. Fire elevators are effective when evacuating people from floors for the category of mobility group M4. The researchers proposed management solutions to increase the level of fire safety, ensure the constant readiness and operability of fire elevators for evacuating people with reduced mobility from high-rise residential buildings. Keywords: evacuation routes, evacuation exits, high-rise residential buildings, fire elevators, evacuation time.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE FIRE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS FROM FIREPROOF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING STRUCTURES","authors":"R. Maiboroda, Yu. Otrosh, N. Rashkevich, R. Melezhyk","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-219-231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-219-231","url":null,"abstract":"The authors conducted an analysis of the current state of evacuation of low-mobility population groups from high-rise residential buildings in the event of a fire. The analysis of the literature made it possible to formulate a number of obstacles to the effective evacuation of people from high-rise residential buildings. Norms in the field of fire safety are not perfect and, as a rule, are aimed at ordinary categories of citizens. The goal of approaches to evacuation calculations is to reduce the time it takes to evacuate residents of a high-rise building in the event of a fire. The authors substantiated the possibility of safe self-evacuation in the event of a fire of the less mobile population groups using fire elevators. Mathematical and graphical calculations of people's evacuation time were carried out using the Pathfinder software complex with the use (without use) of fire elevators. The authors performed a mathematical calculation of the time of evacuation of people and the time of blocking by dangerous factors of fire evacuation routes during a fire in accordance with the methodology of DSTU 8828:2019 Fire safety. Terms. Kyiv: Technical Committee \"Fire Safety and Fire Fighting Equipment\". To confirm the effectiveness of using fire elevators for the evacuation of people belonging to the M4 population groups with limited mobility (disabled people who move around in wheelchairs), the calculation part was performed. The object of the calculations is a high-rise apartment building on the street. Baidy Vyshnevetskoho, 68 in Cherkasy. The authors determined the dependence of the evacuation time on the movement parameters of people of different mobility groups. The authors compared calculations of evacuation time by stairwell and using fire elevators. Fire elevators are effective when evacuating people from floors for the category of mobility group M4. The researchers proposed management solutions to increase the level of fire safety, ensure the constant readiness and operability of fire elevators for evacuating people with reduced mobility from high-rise residential buildings. Keywords: evacuation routes, evacuation exits, high-rise residential buildings, fire elevators, evacuation time.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-38-44
I. Dreval, L. Ruban, G. Osychenko
Background: The expediency of the study lies in the need to solve environmental issues in the cities of Ukraine by arranging greened open spaces. In the post-war period, this problem will become particularly acute due to the significant destruction of all elements of the urban space. To successfully solve a given problem, it is necessary to rely on modern scientific approaches. For the fruitful use of the accumulated scientific experience, it is necessary to conduct its analysis and systematization in the context of the design and practical needs of the urban planning sphere of Ukraine in the post-war period. Therefore, the purpose of this work is the analysis of current scientific assets on solving environmental problems of the city through the formation of urban open spaces and their implementation in the urban planning scientific and practical sphere of Ukraine. Methods: The research methodology was based on the use of methods of critical and comparative analysis of the content of scientific sources, documents of the legislative and regulatory framework, photographic materials, as well as terminological analysis of a number of definitions. Results: The analysis of a number of the main state regulatory documents on urban planning in the aspect of targeting the solution of environmental problems and ensuring the sustainable development of the cities of Ukraine revealed their imperfection.. Analysis of modern scientific approaches to solving environmental problems at the level of city formation showed that most of them are based on concepts that are similar in content and are aimed at harmonizing the interaction of anthropogenic (technogenic) and natural subsystems of the city. This ensures the solution of not only ecological, but also social and economic tasks of its functioning. Conclusions: In order to develop an effective urban planning platform for the formation of green open spaces in the cities of Ukraine in the context of sustainable development and overcoming modern environmental challenges, it is necessary to approve an updated conceptual and terminological apparatus that takes into account modern global trends in the formation of urban spaces. It is expedient to introduce the concepts of "ecological framework" and "landscape-ecological infrastructure of the city" into the normative and legislative framework of Ukraine as basic concepts in the formation of open spaces of the city, as well as an important component of its sustainable development. Keywords: ecological problems, sustainable development of cities, open green spaces, bio-urbanism, biomorphic urbanism, ecological framework, ecological infrastructure.
{"title":"MODERN SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES AS A TOOL FOR SOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE FORMATION OF URBAN SPACES","authors":"I. Dreval, L. Ruban, G. Osychenko","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-38-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-38-44","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The expediency of the study lies in the need to solve environmental issues in the cities of Ukraine by arranging greened open spaces. In the post-war period, this problem will become particularly acute due to the significant destruction of all elements of the urban space. To successfully solve a given problem, it is necessary to rely on modern scientific approaches. For the fruitful use of the accumulated scientific experience, it is necessary to conduct its analysis and systematization in the context of the design and practical needs of the urban planning sphere of Ukraine in the post-war period. Therefore, the purpose of this work is the analysis of current scientific assets on solving environmental problems of the city through the formation of urban open spaces and their implementation in the urban planning scientific and practical sphere of Ukraine. Methods: The research methodology was based on the use of methods of critical and comparative analysis of the content of scientific sources, documents of the legislative and regulatory framework, photographic materials, as well as terminological analysis of a number of definitions. Results: The analysis of a number of the main state regulatory documents on urban planning in the aspect of targeting the solution of environmental problems and ensuring the sustainable development of the cities of Ukraine revealed their imperfection.. Analysis of modern scientific approaches to solving environmental problems at the level of city formation showed that most of them are based on concepts that are similar in content and are aimed at harmonizing the interaction of anthropogenic (technogenic) and natural subsystems of the city. This ensures the solution of not only ecological, but also social and economic tasks of its functioning. Conclusions: In order to develop an effective urban planning platform for the formation of green open spaces in the cities of Ukraine in the context of sustainable development and overcoming modern environmental challenges, it is necessary to approve an updated conceptual and terminological apparatus that takes into account modern global trends in the formation of urban spaces. It is expedient to introduce the concepts of \"ecological framework\" and \"landscape-ecological infrastructure of the city\" into the normative and legislative framework of Ukraine as basic concepts in the formation of open spaces of the city, as well as an important component of its sustainable development. Keywords: ecological problems, sustainable development of cities, open green spaces, bio-urbanism, biomorphic urbanism, ecological framework, ecological infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135454003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-72-78
K. Didenko, D. Didenko
The article investigates the architectural and urban planning specifics of the center of innovation activity - Pyatikhatka in Kharkiv. This urban formation – "science city" – is considered as an industrial and urban planning phenomenon. The article highlights the history of the Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Technology and the main stages of creation of the science city on its basis. It is established that the Pyatikhatky Science City was built according to an individual master plan developed in the 1950s and early 1980s. The author identifies 2 main periods of construction, development and transformation of the science city: the soviet period and the period of independence, which in turn can be divided into stages. The Soviet period – the period of construction and development – is divided into two stages: 1950s - 1970s and 1980s - 1991, the period of independence – 1991-present - is the stage from 1992 – 2021 and the stage after February 24, 2022. It has been established that the settlement of Pyatikhatky had all the signs of a science city. The new urban formation was integrated into the network of suburban road connections, but the main research and production complex demonstrated the "transport dead end" characteristic of such formations (impossibility of passing through it). The territory was separated from the city by a green strip of forest and parkland, i.e. it had a sign of tightness/isolation from the surrounding urban areas. There was also an educational function, which was usually organically included in the structure of all science towns. The village had a developed sphere of services and culture, which were especially active in the soviet years, and an atypical planning structure with a classified master plan. The urban planning and architectural solutions of the entity and the improved urban environment demonstrated the latest progressive approaches of the time. It is concluded that for the successful recovery and development of our country in the current conditions, it is necessary to introduce a continuous cycle: education – science – entrepreneurship - production, which is why the revitalization and development of such a center of innovation activity has significant potential and great importance for the development of Ukraine. Keywords: innovation center, Kharkiv, Pyatikhatki, science city, architectural and urban planning features.
{"title":"HISTORY OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT THE UKRAINIAN SCIENCE CITY OF PYATKHATKI. THE ARCHITECTURAL, PLANNING AND FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICS","authors":"K. Didenko, D. Didenko","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-72-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-72-78","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the architectural and urban planning specifics of the center of innovation activity - Pyatikhatka in Kharkiv. This urban formation – \"science city\" – is considered as an industrial and urban planning phenomenon. The article highlights the history of the Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Technology and the main stages of creation of the science city on its basis. It is established that the Pyatikhatky Science City was built according to an individual master plan developed in the 1950s and early 1980s. The author identifies 2 main periods of construction, development and transformation of the science city: the soviet period and the period of independence, which in turn can be divided into stages. The Soviet period – the period of construction and development – is divided into two stages: 1950s - 1970s and 1980s - 1991, the period of independence – 1991-present - is the stage from 1992 – 2021 and the stage after February 24, 2022. It has been established that the settlement of Pyatikhatky had all the signs of a science city. The new urban formation was integrated into the network of suburban road connections, but the main research and production complex demonstrated the \"transport dead end\" characteristic of such formations (impossibility of passing through it). The territory was separated from the city by a green strip of forest and parkland, i.e. it had a sign of tightness/isolation from the surrounding urban areas. There was also an educational function, which was usually organically included in the structure of all science towns. The village had a developed sphere of services and culture, which were especially active in the soviet years, and an atypical planning structure with a classified master plan. The urban planning and architectural solutions of the entity and the improved urban environment demonstrated the latest progressive approaches of the time. It is concluded that for the successful recovery and development of our country in the current conditions, it is necessary to introduce a continuous cycle: education – science – entrepreneurship - production, which is why the revitalization and development of such a center of innovation activity has significant potential and great importance for the development of Ukraine. Keywords: innovation center, Kharkiv, Pyatikhatki, science city, architectural and urban planning features.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135452679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-286-292
O. Krainiuk, Yu. Buts, N. Didenko, V. Barbachyn
The purpose of the study is to determine the requirements for research methods, measurements with the help of FTA of harmful and dangerous production factors, which will allow to ensure a high level of attestation of workplaces according to working conditions. The task of the research includes consideration of issues related to ensuring the unity of measurements in the field of labor safety, compliance of metrological activity in the specified field with the requirements of current legislation in the field of metrology. The task of the research is also to identify problems related to the methodological support of laboratory research in the field of occupational safety, the absence of metrological requirements for laboratory research methods, metrological confirmation of FTAs, which are intended to perform workplace attestation. Currently, there are separate scientific works on the development of standard procedures for measuring dangerous or harmful factors of the production environment, there is an established norm for any harmful parameter, but there is no national order in the methodology of measuring each parameter. Individual measurement methods do not have the status of a normative legal act. Thus, at present, there are no legal acts regulating mandatory methods of measuring the parameters of harmful factors of the production environment and the labor process during workplace attestation. Analyzing regulatory documents, it can be concluded that from the main documents establishing the standardization of some factors of the working environment, the accuracy of measurements was established only for microclimate parameters. It should be concluded that in the field of labor protection, the state of ensuring the unity of measurements cannot be recognized as satisfactory. Summing up, we can come to the disappointing conclusion that for a reliable assessment of working conditions in workplaces, it is necessary to follow the methods of measurement and calculation of measurement uncertainty, which, unfortunately, are not always set out in mandatory documents. Keywords: harmful and dangerous factors, certification of the workplace, uncertainty of measurements, checking, verification.
{"title":"METROLOGICAL PROVISION OF WORKPLACE CERTIFICATION ACCORDING TO WORKING CONDITIONS","authors":"O. Krainiuk, Yu. Buts, N. Didenko, V. Barbachyn","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-286-292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-286-292","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to determine the requirements for research methods, measurements with the help of FTA of harmful and dangerous production factors, which will allow to ensure a high level of attestation of workplaces according to working conditions. The task of the research includes consideration of issues related to ensuring the unity of measurements in the field of labor safety, compliance of metrological activity in the specified field with the requirements of current legislation in the field of metrology. The task of the research is also to identify problems related to the methodological support of laboratory research in the field of occupational safety, the absence of metrological requirements for laboratory research methods, metrological confirmation of FTAs, which are intended to perform workplace attestation. Currently, there are separate scientific works on the development of standard procedures for measuring dangerous or harmful factors of the production environment, there is an established norm for any harmful parameter, but there is no national order in the methodology of measuring each parameter. Individual measurement methods do not have the status of a normative legal act. Thus, at present, there are no legal acts regulating mandatory methods of measuring the parameters of harmful factors of the production environment and the labor process during workplace attestation. Analyzing regulatory documents, it can be concluded that from the main documents establishing the standardization of some factors of the working environment, the accuracy of measurements was established only for microclimate parameters. It should be concluded that in the field of labor protection, the state of ensuring the unity of measurements cannot be recognized as satisfactory. Summing up, we can come to the disappointing conclusion that for a reliable assessment of working conditions in workplaces, it is necessary to follow the methods of measurement and calculation of measurement uncertainty, which, unfortunately, are not always set out in mandatory documents. Keywords: harmful and dangerous factors, certification of the workplace, uncertainty of measurements, checking, verification.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135452909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-304-312
Yu. Davidich, A. Galkin, D. Ponkratov, Y. Kush, G. Samchuk
The article is devoted to formation of parameters of logistics system of cargo transportation using «green technologies». The feasibility of using a distribution center with certain parameters of the supply chain is assessed. The solution of the problem of choosing the location of the logistics center was solved simultaneously with solving the problem of routing and choosing the carrying capacity of the vehicle. The number and configuration of transportation routes depends on the volume of cargo delivery, the location of the consignor and consignees, as well as on the carrying capacity of vehicles. Each location of the distribution center determines the number of routes, the distance of transportation, the volume of traffic on each section of the routes. As a result, it was proposed to use the value of the transport work of rolling stock as an indicator that takes into account these components. The initial data for determining the effective location of the distribution center is the volume of traffic for each sender and the location of consumers. In connection with the current trends in the development of "green technologies" in urban logistics, the question of the feasibility of using freight electric bicycles at the proposed location of the city logistics center was considered. When using green technology, electric cargo bicycles were considered as vehicles. The solution to the problem of determining the most efficient distribution center was carried out taking into account the possible carrying capacity of electric bicycles. A number of bicycles with different carrying capacities that can be used to transport mail cargo were selected. It was revealed that the rational location of the distribution center ensures minimal transport work during the transportation of goods to any carrying capacity of the bicycle. To assess the effectiveness of an electric cargo bike, the amount of transport work performed using a battery capacity unit was used as a criterion. The value of this criterion is determined by the technical characteristics of the bike, namely carrying capacity, mileage on a single battery charge and battery capacity. The value of the efficiency criterion determined the ranks of bicycles taking into account technological parameters. Keywords: logistics center, electric bike, distribution center, efficiency, supply, green technology.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF LOGISTICS PARAMETERS OF E-CARGO BIKES FOR SUSTAINABLE DELIVERY OF POSTAL CARGO IN CITIES","authors":"Yu. Davidich, A. Galkin, D. Ponkratov, Y. Kush, G. Samchuk","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-304-312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-304-312","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to formation of parameters of logistics system of cargo transportation using «green technologies». The feasibility of using a distribution center with certain parameters of the supply chain is assessed. The solution of the problem of choosing the location of the logistics center was solved simultaneously with solving the problem of routing and choosing the carrying capacity of the vehicle. The number and configuration of transportation routes depends on the volume of cargo delivery, the location of the consignor and consignees, as well as on the carrying capacity of vehicles. Each location of the distribution center determines the number of routes, the distance of transportation, the volume of traffic on each section of the routes. As a result, it was proposed to use the value of the transport work of rolling stock as an indicator that takes into account these components. The initial data for determining the effective location of the distribution center is the volume of traffic for each sender and the location of consumers. In connection with the current trends in the development of \"green technologies\" in urban logistics, the question of the feasibility of using freight electric bicycles at the proposed location of the city logistics center was considered. When using green technology, electric cargo bicycles were considered as vehicles. The solution to the problem of determining the most efficient distribution center was carried out taking into account the possible carrying capacity of electric bicycles. A number of bicycles with different carrying capacities that can be used to transport mail cargo were selected. It was revealed that the rational location of the distribution center ensures minimal transport work during the transportation of goods to any carrying capacity of the bicycle. To assess the effectiveness of an electric cargo bike, the amount of transport work performed using a battery capacity unit was used as a criterion. The value of this criterion is determined by the technical characteristics of the bike, namely carrying capacity, mileage on a single battery charge and battery capacity. The value of the efficiency criterion determined the ranks of bicycles taking into account technological parameters. Keywords: logistics center, electric bike, distribution center, efficiency, supply, green technology.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135452912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-210-218
O. Oleynyk, Yu. Otrosh, N. RASHKEVICH, S. Shapoval
The purpose of the presented work is to create a model for calculating the process of the spread of dangerous fire factors and determining the effectiveness of various engineering and technical, organizational measures and means aimed at increasing the duration of people's stay in a civil defense building in the conditions of hostilities. The authors of the work conducted an analysis of scientific research in areas such as "Modeling of fire and analysis of smoke propagation at metro stations in different fire locations" and "Modeling of flame and smoke propagation in an underground garage under different ventilation conditions." The authors developed two scenarios of the spread of dangerous fire factors. The first scenario is the spread of fire hazards without taking into account ventilation other than open doorways. The second scenario is the spread of dangerous fire factors taking into account supply ventilation through three ventilation channels. The ventilation channels were assumed to have a diameter of 0.3048 m with a volumetric flow rate of 0.5 m3/s. The researchers determined the effectiveness of the ventilation in the PyroSim software during the blocking of escape routes in the shelter. The ventilation efficiency factor 1.351 or 135.1%. The authors conducted a simulation of the shelter after a missile hit and the destruction of the basement ceiling (floor of the first floor). The time of blocking the evacuation routes was determined according to various parameters in accordance with DSTU 8828:2019, namely visibility, temperature, concentration of oxygen oxide and carbon dioxide at a height of 1.7 m from the floor level. The work is the basis for the development of engineering and technical and organizational measures to increase the level of fire safety and ensure the safety of the population. Keywords: shelter, dangerous factors of fire, ventilation, evacuation, PyroSim.
{"title":"SIMULATION OF A POSSIBLE SMOKING ZONE IN A DESTROYED SHELTER","authors":"O. Oleynyk, Yu. Otrosh, N. RASHKEVICH, S. Shapoval","doi":"10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-210-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-210-218","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the presented work is to create a model for calculating the process of the spread of dangerous fire factors and determining the effectiveness of various engineering and technical, organizational measures and means aimed at increasing the duration of people's stay in a civil defense building in the conditions of hostilities. The authors of the work conducted an analysis of scientific research in areas such as \"Modeling of fire and analysis of smoke propagation at metro stations in different fire locations\" and \"Modeling of flame and smoke propagation in an underground garage under different ventilation conditions.\" The authors developed two scenarios of the spread of dangerous fire factors. The first scenario is the spread of fire hazards without taking into account ventilation other than open doorways. The second scenario is the spread of dangerous fire factors taking into account supply ventilation through three ventilation channels. The ventilation channels were assumed to have a diameter of 0.3048 m with a volumetric flow rate of 0.5 m3/s. The researchers determined the effectiveness of the ventilation in the PyroSim software during the blocking of escape routes in the shelter. The ventilation efficiency factor 1.351 or 135.1%. The authors conducted a simulation of the shelter after a missile hit and the destruction of the basement ceiling (floor of the first floor). The time of blocking the evacuation routes was determined according to various parameters in accordance with DSTU 8828:2019, namely visibility, temperature, concentration of oxygen oxide and carbon dioxide at a height of 1.7 m from the floor level. The work is the basis for the development of engineering and technical and organizational measures to increase the level of fire safety and ensure the safety of the population. Keywords: shelter, dangerous factors of fire, ventilation, evacuation, PyroSim.","PeriodicalId":56194,"journal":{"name":"Komunal''ne Gospodarstvo Mist","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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