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منهج القرآن الكريم في صياغة التراكيب الدالة على الحكم الشرعي وأثرها على التفسير 《古兰经》制定伊斯兰教法统治结构的方法及其对解释的影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.36476/jirs.7:2.12.2022.05
دلال علي جابر عسيري, مريم عطية بوزيان
هذا البحث المعنون بمنهج القرآن الكريم في صياغة التراكيب الدالة على الحكم الشرعي وأثره على التفسير، هو جزءٌ من رسالة نوقشت للحصول على دجة الماجستير بعنوان: منهج القرآن الكريم في صياغة الحكم الشرعي  وأثره على التفسير. تناولت فيه منهج القرآن في استخدام التراكيب الدالة على الحكم الشرعي وأثرها على المنهج التفسيري. وقد تطّرقت فيه للقرائن الداخلية المؤثرة في صياغة نص الحكم الشرعي والمتمثلة في قرائن النص القريب، والقرائن الداخلية للنص البعيد ، كما تناولت  القرائن الخارجية في صياغة نص الحكم والمتمثلة في قرينة أسباب النزول وقرينة الخطاب وقرينة البيان بالسنة وقرينة النّسخ مع بيان أثر ذلك في التفسير.
这项题为《古兰经》制定伊斯兰教法裁决结构的方法及其对解释的影响的研究,是为获得硕士学位而讨论的一篇论文的一部分,该论文题为《古兰经》制定伊斯兰教法裁决的方法及其对解释的影响。在这篇文章中,她谈到了《古兰经》使用表明伊斯兰教法裁决的结构的方法及其对解释方法的影响。它涉及影响伊斯兰教法判决文本起草的内部推定,即近文本的推定和远文本的内部推定,以及判决文本起草中的外部推定,即下降原因的推定和推定话语、声明的年份和副本的假设,以及这对解释影响的声明。
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引用次数: 0
قاعدة الكف عما شجر بين الصحابة (دراسة عقدية) 戒除同伴之间的关系(节点研究)
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.36476/jirs.7:2.12.2022.02
عبد الحميد أحمد مرشد حمود
يهدف هذا البحث إلى: التعريف بقاعدة الكف عما شجر بين الصحابة، من ناحية الثبوت التاريخي، ومن ناحية الظروف التاريخية التي أنتجت هذه القاعدة، كما يعرف بمواقف العلماء من هذه القاعدة، كما يسعى إلى دراسة مقاصدها، والآثار التي ترتبت على العمل بها، وخرج بجملة من النتائج، أبرزها: ثبوت نسبة القاعدة إلى عمر بن عبد العزيز رضي الله عنه، وأن غالبية العلماء نصوا على وجوب العمل بها؛ حتى صارت جزءاً من عقيدة السلف، ومن مقاصدها: قطع الطريق أمام دعاة الفتنة والكراهية، وبيان ما ترتب على سوء فهمها؛ كانصراف العلماء عن تحقيق المرويات التاريخية الواردة في الفتنة، وتصدر أهل الأهواء والأحقاد لذلك، كما أن سوء الفهم لها ورَّث جهلاً لدى كثير من المعاصرين في فقه التعامل مع أحداث الفتنة؛ الأمر الذي دفع ببعضهم إلى اعتماد ما قرره الرافضة والمستشرقون من أكاذيبب. ومن توصياته: دراسة ظاهرة التخادم بين مناهج الرافضة ومناهج المستشرقين، في الموقف مما شجر بين الصحابة رضوان الله عليهم، تحصين المجتمعات من الشبهات التي تثار حول الصحابة، من خلال وسائل الإعلام الحديثة.        
这项研究的目的是:使人们了解一项规则,即:既要从历史证据的角度,又要从创造这一规则的历史条件的角度,即科学家们对这一规则的态度,并研究其宗旨和实施该规则所产生的影响,并得出下列主要结论:该规则与奥马尔·本·阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹的比率已得到证实,而且大多数科学家已规定必须遵守这一规则;直到它成为宗教旨主义的一部分,其宗旨是阻止煽动和仇恨的人,并说明他们误解的后果;就像科学家们不愿去实现叛乱的历史叙事,而胡思乱想和愤世嫉俗的人,他们的误解是许多现代人在处理骚乱的法理中所不知道的;这导致一些人采纳了他的决定,拒绝接受和那些人的谎言。他的一项建议是:通过现代媒体,研究不妥协和偏执狂之间的相互关系,这种这种关系使人们对同伴产生怀疑。
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引用次数: 0
الزواج بنيّة الطلاق: دراسة تأصيلية مقارنة 以离婚为基础的婚姻
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.36476/jirs.7:2.12.2022.03
محمد نایف اللحام
الزواج بنية الطلاق عقد تام الشروط والأركان، ولكن الزوج يضمر في نفسه أن يطلق الزوجة بعد مدة، طالت أو قصُرَت. وقد ذهب جمهور الفقهاء إلى أن هذا النكاح صحيح لاكتمال أركانه وشروطه وانتفاء موانعه. ولكن لمّا انتشر هذا الزواج اليوم في أوساط المغتربين بسبب الدراسة أو السياحة أو غير ذلك، ونتجت عنه آثار سلبية؛ ذهب كثير من الباحثين والعلماء إلى القول بتحريمه وبطلانه؛ لكونه مخالفاً لمقصد الشارع من الزواج، وهو الديمومة، ولكونه في معنى النكاح المؤقت ونكاح المتعة ونكاح المحلِّل، ولكونه غشاً وخداعاً للمرأة ووليها. وقد هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة الراجح من هذين الرأيين، من خلال النظر في أدلة الفريقين والموازنة بينها ومناقشتها، وفق المنهج التحليلي الاستنتاجي المقارن. وكان من أهم النتائج التي خلص إليها الباحث أن هذا النكاح باطل وغير صحيح؛ لأنه في معنى النكاح المؤقت ونكاح المتعة ونكاح المحلِّل، كما أن قواعد الشرع تأباه، ولأنه مخالف لمقصد الشارع من النكاح، وهو الديمومة، ولأنه مخالف للمروءة ويؤدي إلى مفاسد عظيمة وأضرار جسيمة تسيء إلى سمعة الإسلام والمسلمين.
以离婚为目的的婚姻是完全的,并且是支柱,但丈夫打算在一段时间后与妻子离婚。学者们认为,这一行为是正确的,因为它的要素和条件是完整的,而且不受限制。然而,今天,由于研究、旅游或其他原因,这种婚姻在散居国外者中蔓延,产生了负面影响;许多研究人员和科学家都说,它是非法和无效的;因为这违反了婚姻的街道目的,即婚姻的存亡、临时性交、享乐和分析师的性行为,以及对妇女及其监护人的欺骗和欺骗。这项研究的目的是通过审查、平衡和讨论两个小组的证据,并根据比较分析方法和推论,确定这两种意见中的最有可能的。研究人员最重要的结论之一是,这种行为是无效的;因为这是指暂时的性行为、慰安妇和分析家的性行为,而法律的规定是令人厌恶的,因为它违背了街道上的目的,即永久存在,而且因为它是反诽谤的,它严重损害了伊斯兰教和穆斯林的声誉。
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引用次数: 0
مطالبة الكفيل بالدين ابتداء وترك الأصيل دراسة فقهية مقارنة 担保人开始和放弃原始债务的债权是一项比较理论研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.36476/jirs.7:2.12.2022.04
سعد بن علي عبدالله الأسمري
فإن مسألة تجويز مطالبة الكفيل بالدين ابتداء وترك الأصيل مسألة لها أبعادها الاجتماعية والقضائية في وقتنا هذا، فهذا القول وان كان القائل به جمهور أهل العلم والفضل من أئمة المذاهب الفقهية إلا أنه في زمننا هذا أدى إلى سد باب الكفالة، وزهد الناس فيها لما تهاون المدينون عمدا في سداد ديونهم ، وترك الكفلاء يواجهون مصيرا مجهولا نتيجة هذه الكفالة فهو من يحكم عليه بالسداد وينفذ عليه دون مراعاة لأحواله المادية والأسرية والتزاماته تجاهها، كالعقاب له على إقدامه على كفالة ها المدين؛ فأردت أن أسهم ببحثي هذا في لفت الأنظار إلى ضرورة إعادة النظر في بعض الأحكام التي بينها أئمتنا في وقت معين وكانت محققة لقصد الشارع في حينها من جلب المصالح ودفع المفاسد ثم تغير الحال وصار ذلك الحكم الاجتهادي غير مناسب للزمان أو المكان. ويتكون هذا البحث من مقدمة وخمسة مباحث، وفهرس للمراجع وآخر للموضوعات بيانها كالتالي: المبحث الأول : في بيان مصطلحات العنوان. والمبحث الثاني: الألفاظ ذات الصلة. المبحث الثالث : مشروعية الكفالة والحكمة من مشروعيتها. المبحث الرابع: أقوال العلماء في مسألة مطالبة الكفيل ابتداء  وترك الأصيل. والمبحث الخامس:المخرج الشرعي لعدم إلزام الكفيل بكفالته. ثم الخاتمة وأهم التوصيات، ثم فهرس المراجع وفهرس الموضوعات.
允许担保人从一开始就要求宗教,而离开委托人的问题,在我们这个时代是一个具有社会和司法层面的问题,这句话虽然是由学者和法理学教义的伊玛目所说的,但在我们这个时代,却导致了一座大坝至于担保的原因,人们在其中徘徊,因为债务人故意疏忽偿还债务,并让担保人因担保而面临未知的命运,因为他是被判处偿还并执行担保的人,而不考虑他的物质和家庭状况以及他对担保的义务。就像对他提供债务人担保的惩罚一样;我想通过这项研究来提请人们注意,有必要重新考虑我们的伊玛目在特定时间提出的一些条款,这些条款实现了街头带来利益、推动腐败然后改变的意图。这种情况已经变得不适合时间或地点。这项研究包括介绍、五个主题、参考索引和另一个主题,如下所示:第一个主题:标题术语声明。第二个问题:相关术语。第三个主题:担保的合法性及其合法性的智慧。第四个问题:科学家关于要求担保人开始并离开委托人问题的说法。第五个问题:不强制担保人担保的合法出路。然后是结论和最重要的建议,然后是参考索引和主题索引。
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引用次数: 0
The Availability of Critical Thinking Skills in the Arabic Language and Islamic Education Textbooks of the Third Grade Depending on their Teachers’ Point View in Jerash 杰拉什三年级阿拉伯语和伊斯兰教育教科书中批判性思维技能的可得性与教师观点的关系
Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.36476/jirs.7:2.12.2022.01
Walid Falah Zaeed Zubeidat, Odeh Mustafa Bani Ahmad
This study aimed at investigating the availability of critical thinking skills in the Arabic language and Islamic education textbooks depending on their teachers’ point of view in Jerash Governorate. The researchers have used the functional analytical approach. They prepared a questionnaire that consisted of 36 paragraphs which have targeted four skills, and the sample consisted of 97 female teachers. After finding the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation of the four skills, the results revealed that the targeted skills are highly present in the Arabic language and Islamic education textbooks according to their teachers’ point of view. Accordingly, the researchers recommended conducting more studies that investigate critical thinking, and training the teachers to teach it, as well as to involve teachers in the process of composing school textbooks.  
这项研究的目的是调查在杰拉什省,根据教师的观点,阿拉伯语和伊斯兰教育教科书中是否提供批判性思维技能。研究人员使用了功能分析方法。他们准备了一份由36段组成的调查问卷,针对四项技能,样本包括97名女教师。在求出四种技能的算术平均值和标准差后,结果显示,根据教师的观点,目标技能在阿拉伯语和伊斯兰教育教科书中高度存在。因此,研究人员建议进行更多的研究,调查批判性思维,并培训教师教授批判性思维,以及让教师参与编写教科书的过程。
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引用次数: 0
The Jurisprudential Origin of the Formal Mortgage: A Comparative Study 形式抵押的法律渊源比较研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.36476/jirs.7:1.06.2022.01
Na'em Samara Al Masri
Mortgage is one of the most important tools of credit in debt. A new form of the mortgage that wasn't known to the ancient jurists emerged, and it is the official or real estate mortgage. A new form of the mortgage that wasn't known to the ancient jurists emerged. Such form became the prevalent in contemporary documentation. The main objective of research is to answer the question: Is the official research in its contemporary form permissible according to the Islamic religion? The main objective of this system also is to clarify the provisions of Islamic Sharia regarding mortgage and its ways. There are many previous studies that dealt with the issue of mortgage, but most of them did not follow the approach they were aiming at, but they briefly explained the opinion of contemporary jurists only. The comparative analytical inductive method was adopted. The research was divided into an introduction that included the research problem, questions, objectives, and the adopted approach, and three sections: First: Definition of mortgage, its legitimacy, and types. Second: The jurisprudential adaptation of the formal mortgage. Third: The most important Islamic legal rulings for mortgage and ways of dealing. Finally, the conclusion included the findings of formal mortgage that don’t contradict the provisions of mortgage known to jurists of four doctrines in clarifying the issue of mortgage.
抵押贷款是债务中最重要的信贷工具之一。出现了一种不为古代法学家所知的新型抵押形式,它是官方抵押或房地产抵押。出现了一种古代法学家所不知道的新型抵押形式。这种形式在当代文献中很普遍。研究的主要目的是回答这样一个问题:根据伊斯兰宗教,当代形式的官方研究是允许的吗?该制度的主要目的也是澄清伊斯兰教法关于抵押及其方式的规定。以往有许多关于抵押权问题的研究,但大多没有遵循其目的,只是简要地解释了当代法学家的观点。采用比较分析归纳法。研究分为引言和三个部分:第一部分:抵押的定义、合法性和类型。第二:形式抵押的法理适应。第三:关于抵押贷款和交易方式的最重要的伊斯兰法律裁决。最后,结论包括四大学说的法学家在明确抵押权问题时所发现的形式抵押权与抵押权的规定并不矛盾。
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引用次数: 0
Al Ishāri Interpretation and Models of its Applications: "Rūḥ al Ma’ānī"as Model Al Ishāri解释及其应用模型:以“Rūḥ Al Ma ' ānī”为模型
Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.36476/jirs.7:1.06.2022.02
Enad Ghaleb Mohammad Al Ghananim
This research dealt with the study of the subject of "indicative interpretation" by Imam Alusi in his interpretation of "Ruh al Ma’ani", following the inductive, analytical, and inferring approach, and the study revealed the great importance given by God to his dear book, and to the scholars of the interpreters, and the study found that the indicative interpretation that does not conflict with Sharia, and is within clear controls and criteria, is acceptable to scholars, unlike what was interfered with the words of philosophers who deviated from the road in his interpretation. Alusi combined interpretation with accepted opinion, including the indicative interpretation, as well as a school in itself, and then concluded the study with the most important findings of this research.
本研究涉及伊玛目阿鲁西在解释《鲁阿玛阿尼》时的“指示性解释”主题的研究,遵循归纳、分析和推断的方法,该研究揭示了上帝对他亲爱的书和对解释者的学者的极大重视,研究发现指示性解释与伊斯兰教法不冲突,有明确的控制和标准,是学者可以接受的。不像哲学家所说的那样,他们的解释偏离了道路。Alusi将解释与公认的观点结合起来,包括指示性解释,以及一个学派本身,然后用本研究最重要的发现来结束研究。
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引用次数: 0
Guidelines from the Seerah of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) in establishing the Unity of Ummah in this age 先知穆罕默德(P.B.U.H)在这个时代建立Ummah统一的指导方针
Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.36476/jirs.7:1.06.2022.12
Syed Muhammad Bilal Shah
Islam is a universal religion and an advocate of world-wide peace and unity among people of district background. It preaches its followers about the unity of the whole humanity. In several verses of Quran and in the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the Muslims Ummah is directed to be united and harmonious. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also presented a great role model from his own life and practices (Seerah) to establish and maintain unity among the Muslim Ummah. He (PBUH) established brotherhood among the Muhâjrîn and the Ansâr and suggested it as a model practice to the whole Ummah. He (PBUH) also narrated the benefits of unity and the disadvantages of dispersal in his sayings. He suggested the effective solutions of differences of opinions and other clashes among the Muslims. This research focuses on deriving the solutions of maintaining the unity and brotherhood in resolving the clashes and differences of ideology among Muslims in the light of the teachings of Islam, especially from The Seerah (life practice) of The Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) in this age.
伊斯兰教是一种世界性的宗教,提倡世界和平和地区背景的人民之间的团结。它向其追随者宣扬全人类的统一。在《古兰经》的几节经文和先知穆罕默德(愿主福安之)的语录中,穆斯林的乌玛被指示要团结和谐。先知穆罕默德(PBUH)也从他自己的生活和实践(Seerah)中提出了一个伟大的榜样,以建立和维护穆斯林Ummah之间的团结。他(愿主福安之)在穆赫伊斯兰教和伊斯兰教之间建立了兄弟情谊,并建议将其作为整个乌玛的典范。他(PBUH)也在他的语录中叙述了团结的好处和分散的坏处。他建议有效解决穆斯林之间的意见分歧和其他冲突。本研究的重点是根据伊斯兰教的教义,特别是先知穆罕默德(P.B.U.H)在这个时代的生活实践,得出解决穆斯林之间的冲突和意识形态差异的维护团结和兄弟情谊的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
The Issue of Apostasy-Research and Analytical Study of the Thoughts and Ideas of Imam Ibn Taymiyyah 叛教问题——伊玛目伊本·泰米雅思想观念的研究与分析
Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.36476/jirs.7:1.06.2022.13
H. Ahmad
In social life, Islam does not allow any individual to renounce or abandon Islam and adopt another religion after converting to Islam. Or being a Muslim, obey and follow some rules and worships but deny some other apparent, consistent, or constantly proven rules and worships. Imam Ibn e Taymiyyah (1263-1328) was a most popular figure, a genius writer and a brave warrior in Islamic history who had a great Jihadi literature. In his literature, he has written in detail about the hot issue of Apostasy and mentioned some rules, principles, conditions, and manners regarding apostasy. In the name of Islamic Jihad in the recent past and present, some resistance and jihadist militant movements, declare apostates from Islam to all rulers of Islamic World, due to their imitation of prevailing political and democratic system, and to all public who is in support of these rulers. Instead of being content with a fatwa against them, they declare them as obligatory to be killed and their property and wealth are permissible. The violent conduct of these movements and the tendency of armed rebellion and exodus against Muslims by declaring them apostates and infidels is linked to the thoughts of Ibn Taymiyyah and he is found guilty. The fatwa of apostasy issued by the militant or jihadist groups, against Muslim public, rulers, officers, political system, and democratic government is, in fact, misinterpretation of Ibn Taymiyyah’s fatwas and the result of ignorance about the real spirit of his fatwas. In this situation, there is an urgent need to know and study the thoughts and ideas of Ibn e Taymiyyah to know his point of view regarding the issue of apostasy and present the spirit of his fatwa and its real respondent to the world to play its role in eradicating the current terrorism.
在社会生活中,伊斯兰教不允许任何个人在皈依伊斯兰教后放弃或放弃伊斯兰教并信奉另一种宗教。或者作为一名穆斯林,遵守和遵循一些规则和崇拜,但否认其他明显的、一致的或不断证明的规则和崇拜。伊玛目伊本·塔米耶(1263-1328)是伊斯兰历史上最受欢迎的人物、天才作家和勇敢的战士,拥有伟大的圣战文学。在他的文献中,他详细地写了关于叛教的热门问题,并提到了一些关于叛道的规则、原则、条件和方式。在最近的过去和现在,一些抵抗运动和圣战激进运动以伊斯兰圣战的名义,向伊斯兰世界的所有统治者以及所有支持这些统治者的公众宣布叛教。他们没有满足于针对他们的法特瓦,而是宣布他们必须被杀害,他们的财产和财富是允许的。这些运动的暴力行为以及通过宣布穆斯林叛教和异教徒来武装叛乱和逃亡穆斯林的趋势与伊本·塔米耶的思想有关,他被判有罪。事实上,激进或圣战组织针对穆斯林公众、统治者、官员、政治制度和民主政府发布的叛教法特瓦是对伊本·塔米耶法特瓦的曲解,是对其法特瓦真正精神无知的结果。在这种情况下,迫切需要了解和研究伊本·塔米耶的思想和想法,以了解他对叛教问题的看法,并向世界展示他的法特瓦精神及其真正的回应者,以发挥其在根除当前恐怖主义方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
A literary and critical analysis of D.S. Margoliouth, a famous British Orientalist’s views concerning Islamic Calendar 对英国著名东方学家D.S. Margoliouth关于伊斯兰历法的观点进行文学和批判分析
Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.36476/jirs.7:1.06.2022.08
Aliya Shah, Atta ur Rahman
This study is intended to critically analyze D.S. Margoliouth’s allegations regarding hijri calendar. The orientalists generally try to control the superb and wonderful teachings of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W as well as the beauty of Islam. D.S Margoliouth is one of the narrow minded and prejudiced orientalists. Besides his other hazy and groundless allegations, he has also alleged the hijri calendar. This article is ,therefore, apprehensive to elucidate the allegations of D.S. Margoliouth about hijri calendar and to conclude that the allegations are incompetent, valueless and lethal about Islamic lunar calendar. Moreover, this article also argues that D.S. Margoliouth is partial and biased in his views about hijri calendar.
本研究旨在批判性地分析D.S.Margoliouth关于hijri日历的指控。东方主义者通常试图控制先知穆罕默德卓越的教义以及伊斯兰教的美丽。D.S Margoliouth是一位思想狭隘、带有偏见的东方主义者。除了其他模糊和毫无根据的指控外,他还指控了回历。因此,本文对D.S.Margoliouth对伊斯兰历的指控进行了澄清,并得出结论,这些指控对伊斯兰历来说是无能的、毫无价值的和致命的。此外,本文还认为D.S.Margoliouth对回历的看法是片面的和有偏见的。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies
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