Introduction: The highly contagious Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus has spread across the globe. For the aberrant changes in the lung parenchyma, thin-section chest Computed Tomography (CT) is more sensitive than chest radiography and can identify early disease. Increased CT usage and resolution also lead to an increase in the discovery of "incidental" findings, creating questions about additional research, diagnosis, and follow-up with associated financial and emotional costs. Aim: To evaluate the non COVID-19 lung pathologies and other system findings in High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) chest done for COVID-19 screening study. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Dr.Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India, from May 2021 to December 2021. The CT scan was done in a craniocaudal direction with an average exposure time of 4-6 seconds, slice thickness of 5 mm and 1.5 mm in mediastinal and lung windows. A total of 1000 HRCT scans done were examined for covid screening. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Descriptive statistics were represented with percentages. Results: A total of 348 cases were found with various other pathologies incidentally. Lesions like infectious and inflammatory lesions, metabolic diseases, tumours, metastases of various systems and fractures were found. Among 348 total cases with incidental findings 98 cases (28.1%) showed non COVID-19 lung pathologies, 114 cases (32.7%) had findings in the upper abdomen, 30 cases (8.6%) in the thyroid, and three cases (0.8%) had other findings. Conclusion: The HRCT chest screening for COVID-19 not only provided the status of pulmonary infection but gave a broad view of many other system pathologies like in upper abdomen, musculoskeletal system, thyroid, breast which were found incidentally. Identifying those pathologies and correlating them with history will help in early detection and management.
导语:高度传染性的2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)病毒已在全球蔓延。对于肺实质的异常改变，薄层胸部计算机断层扫描(CT)比胸片更敏感，可以早期识别疾病。CT使用率和分辨率的提高也导致“偶然”发现的增加，这就产生了额外的研究、诊断和随访的问题，并带来了相关的经济和情感成本。目的:评价用于新冠肺炎筛查研究的胸部高分辨率计算机断层扫描(HRCT)非新冠肺炎肺部病理及其他系统表现。材料和方法:这是一项横断面研究，于2021年5月至2021年12月在印度安得拉邦维杰亚瓦达的Dr.Pinnamaneni Siddhartha医学科学和研究基金会研究所放射诊断部完成。CT扫描方向为颅足方向，平均曝光时间4-6秒，纵隔和肺窗切片厚度分别为5mm和1.5 mm。总共进行了1000次HRCT扫描以筛查新冠病毒。数据在Microsoft Excel中输入，并使用SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)软件进行分析。描述性统计用百分比表示。结果:共发现348例伴发其他各种病理。发现了感染性和炎性病变、代谢性疾病、肿瘤、各种系统转移和骨折等病变。在348例偶然发现病例中，非新冠肺炎肺部病变98例(28.1%)，上腹部病变114例(32.7%)，甲状腺病变30例(8.6%)，其他病变3例(0.8%)。结论:HRCT胸部筛查COVID-19不仅能提供肺部感染的状态，还能对偶然发现的上腹部、肌肉骨骼系统、甲状腺、乳房等许多系统病变有更广泛的了解。识别这些病理并将其与病史联系起来将有助于早期发现和管理。
{"title":"Incidentalomas Discovered during COVID- 19 Chest CT Screening: A Cross-sectional Study from Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"Velicheti Sandeep, V. Srikanth, Kondrugunta Chandra Sekhar, Balije Swetha, Vallabhaneni Jagadeep","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/58724.2870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/58724.2870","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The highly contagious Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus has spread across the globe. For the aberrant changes in the lung parenchyma, thin-section chest Computed Tomography (CT) is more sensitive than chest radiography and can identify early disease. Increased CT usage and resolution also lead to an increase in the discovery of \"incidental\" findings, creating questions about additional research, diagnosis, and follow-up with associated financial and emotional costs. Aim: To evaluate the non COVID-19 lung pathologies and other system findings in High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) chest done for COVID-19 screening study. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Dr.Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India, from May 2021 to December 2021. The CT scan was done in a craniocaudal direction with an average exposure time of 4-6 seconds, slice thickness of 5 mm and 1.5 mm in mediastinal and lung windows. A total of 1000 HRCT scans done were examined for covid screening. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Descriptive statistics were represented with percentages. Results: A total of 348 cases were found with various other pathologies incidentally. Lesions like infectious and inflammatory lesions, metabolic diseases, tumours, metastases of various systems and fractures were found. Among 348 total cases with incidental findings 98 cases (28.1%) showed non COVID-19 lung pathologies, 114 cases (32.7%) had findings in the upper abdomen, 30 cases (8.6%) in the thyroid, and three cases (0.8%) had other findings. Conclusion: The HRCT chest screening for COVID-19 not only provided the status of pulmonary infection but gave a broad view of many other system pathologies like in upper abdomen, musculoskeletal system, thyroid, breast which were found incidentally. Identifying those pathologies and correlating them with history will help in early detection and management.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/61596.2891
K. E. V. Rao, R. Katikireddi, P. Sirikonda, Rama Devi Avula
Introduction: The trigeminal nerve is principally responsible for controlling the sensory modalities of the face. The Foramen Ovale (FO) is one of the apertures present in the skull base, through which the mandibular nerve, a branch of the trigeminal nerve passes. Aim: To deliver a thorough understanding of the anatomical variations of the trigeminal ganglion and FO that would be beneficial to neurologists and neurosurgeons when performing various treatments involving these structures. Materials and Methods: The present systematic review was formulated according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. Major electronic databases were screened and all types of studies including descriptive studies, surveys, full-text literature providing information about the variations in trigeminal ganglion and FO, were incorporated in the current review. Studies from 2001 to 2022 were included in this review. The risk of bias evaluation in the present study was conducted by using the review manager software (Rev Man version 5.4) and risk assessment domains were classified as high, indeterminate, or low risk. The recommended approach to check biases such as selection, performance, attrition, reporting, and other biases was done. Results: A total of 12 studies were examined. The studies measured the proper location and the size (diameter) of the trigeminal ganglion and FO using the MRI-based findings in 1,341 subjects in total. It was observed that the length of the trigeminal nerve was found to be about 9.66 mm in the cistern (range 6.04-20.74 mm) in 50% of studies, whereas in 16.67% of the studies trigeminal nerve was longer in the older patients as compared to the normal anatomy. Additionally, the distinctive form of the FO was noted in the current investigation. In total, (n=4) 66.66% of the studies demonstrated the oval shape of the FO, and (n=3) 50% of studies noticed an almond shape, 50% identified a round shape; (n=2) (33%; n=2) displayed a slit form. Only one investigation demonstrated a bony bridged of FO whereas 33% showed tubercle and triangular shapes. Conclusion: Majority of the studies showed that the length of the trigeminal nerve was found to be about 9.66 mm. Whereas, only one author reported that the trigeminal nerve is longer in the older patients as compared to the normal anatomy. The majority of studies demonstrated that the variations were observed in the shape of the FO, i.e., oval, round, almond, slit, spine.
简介:三叉神经主要负责控制面部的感觉形态。卵圆孔(FO)是存在于颅底的一个孔，下颌骨神经(三叉神经的一个分支)通过它。目的:全面了解三叉神经节和FO的解剖变化，这将有利于神经科医生和神经外科医生在进行涉及这些结构的各种治疗时。材料和方法:本系统评价是根据系统评价的首选报告项目(PRISMA)指南制定的。筛选了主要的电子数据库，并将所有类型的研究包括描述性研究、调查、提供三叉神经节和FO变化信息的全文文献纳入本综述。本综述纳入了2001年至2022年的研究。本研究使用review manager软件(Rev Man version 5.4)进行偏倚风险评估，风险评估领域分为高风险、不确定风险和低风险。建议的方法来检查偏差，如选择，性能，损耗，报告和其他偏差。结果:共检查了12项研究。该研究使用基于mri的结果测量了1341名受试者的三叉神经节和FO的正确位置和大小(直径)。在50%的研究中发现，池中三叉神经的长度约为9.66 mm(范围为6.04-20.74 mm)，而在16.67%的研究中，老年患者的三叉神经比正常解剖长。此外，在目前的调查中注意到FO的独特形式。总的来说，(n=4) 66.66%的研究显示FO为椭圆形，(n=3) 50%的研究发现FO为杏仁状，50%的研究发现FO为圆形;(n = 2) (33%;N =2)呈狭缝状。只有一项调查显示FO骨桥，而33%的调查显示结节和三角形。结论:大多数研究发现三叉神经的长度约为9.66 mm。然而，只有一位作者报道，与正常解剖相比，老年患者的三叉神经更长。大多数研究表明，观察到FO形状的变化，即椭圆形，圆形，扁桃形，狭缝，脊柱。
{"title":"Anatomical Variations of the Trigeminal Nerve, Trigeminal Ganglion and Foramen Ovale: A Systematic Review","authors":"K. E. V. Rao, R. Katikireddi, P. Sirikonda, Rama Devi Avula","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/61596.2891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/61596.2891","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The trigeminal nerve is principally responsible for controlling the sensory modalities of the face. The Foramen Ovale (FO) is one of the apertures present in the skull base, through which the mandibular nerve, a branch of the trigeminal nerve passes. Aim: To deliver a thorough understanding of the anatomical variations of the trigeminal ganglion and FO that would be beneficial to neurologists and neurosurgeons when performing various treatments involving these structures. Materials and Methods: The present systematic review was formulated according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. Major electronic databases were screened and all types of studies including descriptive studies, surveys, full-text literature providing information about the variations in trigeminal ganglion and FO, were incorporated in the current review. Studies from 2001 to 2022 were included in this review. The risk of bias evaluation in the present study was conducted by using the review manager software (Rev Man version 5.4) and risk assessment domains were classified as high, indeterminate, or low risk. The recommended approach to check biases such as selection, performance, attrition, reporting, and other biases was done. Results: A total of 12 studies were examined. The studies measured the proper location and the size (diameter) of the trigeminal ganglion and FO using the MRI-based findings in 1,341 subjects in total. It was observed that the length of the trigeminal nerve was found to be about 9.66 mm in the cistern (range 6.04-20.74 mm) in 50% of studies, whereas in 16.67% of the studies trigeminal nerve was longer in the older patients as compared to the normal anatomy. Additionally, the distinctive form of the FO was noted in the current investigation. In total, (n=4) 66.66% of the studies demonstrated the oval shape of the FO, and (n=3) 50% of studies noticed an almond shape, 50% identified a round shape; (n=2) (33%; n=2) displayed a slit form. Only one investigation demonstrated a bony bridged of FO whereas 33% showed tubercle and triangular shapes. Conclusion: Majority of the studies showed that the length of the trigeminal nerve was found to be about 9.66 mm. Whereas, only one author reported that the trigeminal nerve is longer in the older patients as compared to the normal anatomy. The majority of studies demonstrated that the variations were observed in the shape of the FO, i.e., oval, round, almond, slit, spine.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/64809.2919
PS Induchoodan, MM Seena, JS Ajith Prasad, K Sreepriya, IP Yadev, M Meer Chisthi
Introduction: The fact remains that there are still some ambiguities in our understanding of the locations of the vermiform appendix. Understanding the changes in the position of the vermiform appendix is significant because, in cases of appendicitis, its varying locations may result in varying symptoms and warning indications that mirror those of other illnesses. Aim: To determine any difference between the surgical and anatomical assessment of the position of the appendix. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Departments of General Surgery and Forensic Medicine, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum, Kerala, India, from January 2020 to July 2021. The position of the appendix in a total of 224 patients was studied, of which 115 were surgical patients and the rest (109) were autopsy cases. All consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria undergoing appendicectomy were included in the study. A similar procedure was followed in the autopsy series, with the consent of the nearest relatives. The mean and standard deviation were used to summarise continuous data, whereas absolute numbers and percentages were used to summarise categorical data. The prevalence of the position of the appendix was reported as a percentage. Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age for the whole study group was 37.47 ± 19.30 years, and there were 149 (66.52%) males. The most common position of the appendix in the surgical arm was retrocaecal (n=58, 50.43%), and the most common position in the autopsy arm was pelvic (n=36, 33.0%). Overall, the most common position of the appendix was retrocaecal (n=86, 38.39%). Apart from a very mild correlation between age and length of the appendix, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of -0.2808, there was no correlation between the dimensions of the appendix and anthropometric parameters. Conclusion: The most common position of the appendix is found to be retrocaecal, followed by pelvic and subcaecal. Also, considering the various factors that may influence the position of the appendix, it is difficult to state one position as the most common one.
{"title":"Variability in the Position of the Tip of Appendix: A Cross-sectional Analytical Study in South Indian Population","authors":"PS Induchoodan, MM Seena, JS Ajith Prasad, K Sreepriya, IP Yadev, M Meer Chisthi","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/64809.2919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/64809.2919","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The fact remains that there are still some ambiguities in our understanding of the locations of the vermiform appendix. Understanding the changes in the position of the vermiform appendix is significant because, in cases of appendicitis, its varying locations may result in varying symptoms and warning indications that mirror those of other illnesses. Aim: To determine any difference between the surgical and anatomical assessment of the position of the appendix. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Departments of General Surgery and Forensic Medicine, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum, Kerala, India, from January 2020 to July 2021. The position of the appendix in a total of 224 patients was studied, of which 115 were surgical patients and the rest (109) were autopsy cases. All consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria undergoing appendicectomy were included in the study. A similar procedure was followed in the autopsy series, with the consent of the nearest relatives. The mean and standard deviation were used to summarise continuous data, whereas absolute numbers and percentages were used to summarise categorical data. The prevalence of the position of the appendix was reported as a percentage. Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age for the whole study group was 37.47 ± 19.30 years, and there were 149 (66.52%) males. The most common position of the appendix in the surgical arm was retrocaecal (n=58, 50.43%), and the most common position in the autopsy arm was pelvic (n=36, 33.0%). Overall, the most common position of the appendix was retrocaecal (n=86, 38.39%). Apart from a very mild correlation between age and length of the appendix, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of -0.2808, there was no correlation between the dimensions of the appendix and anthropometric parameters. Conclusion: The most common position of the appendix is found to be retrocaecal, followed by pelvic and subcaecal. Also, considering the various factors that may influence the position of the appendix, it is difficult to state one position as the most common one.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134981631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/49494.2907
Mounisha Kethineni, V. Manchikanti, nVK Sundeep
Soft tissue ganglion cysts are most commonly seen around the wrist and arise from myxomatous degeneration of periarticular connective tissue. A lesion produced by the mucoid degeneration and cyst formation in the periosteum of long bones is called a “periosteal ganglion”. These are commonly found in the lower extremities. In this article, we present a case of a 50-year-old female who presented with swelling and dull aching pain over the upper 1/3rd of the left leg for two months. MRI showed a lobulated cyst-like mass that was hypointense to muscle septation with a size of 14×12 mm. The patient underwent excision of the lesion, which was diagnosed as a periosteal ganglion cyst through imaging and confirmed by excision biopsy. Periosteal ganglions are benign cysts with a good prognosis, and they should be considered as a differential diagnosis when encountering pretibial soft tissue swelling.
{"title":"Tibial Periosteal Ganglion Cyst: A Rare Case of Non Traumatic Leg Swelling","authors":"Mounisha Kethineni, V. Manchikanti, nVK Sundeep","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/49494.2907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/49494.2907","url":null,"abstract":"Soft tissue ganglion cysts are most commonly seen around the wrist and arise from myxomatous degeneration of periarticular connective tissue. A lesion produced by the mucoid degeneration and cyst formation in the periosteum of long bones is called a “periosteal ganglion”. These are commonly found in the lower extremities. In this article, we present a case of a 50-year-old female who presented with swelling and dull aching pain over the upper 1/3rd of the left leg for two months. MRI showed a lobulated cyst-like mass that was hypointense to muscle septation with a size of 14×12 mm. The patient underwent excision of the lesion, which was diagnosed as a periosteal ganglion cyst through imaging and confirmed by excision biopsy. Periosteal ganglions are benign cysts with a good prognosis, and they should be considered as a differential diagnosis when encountering pretibial soft tissue swelling.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/53616.2884
Harish Gambhir, K. Aditya, R. Singh, S. Singla, Roma Issacs, S. Goyal
Introduction: Adnexal mass lesions are common among women of all age groups. Precise preoperative estimation of the benign or malignant nature of an adnexal mass is important to avoid additional surgical treatment. Sonography is the initial imaging study of choice in the evaluation of women with suspected adnexal masses. Assiut scoring model is a simpler model for differentiation of adnexal masses into benign and malignant using various ultrasonographic parameters. Aim: To assess the accuracy of ultrasound in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses using Assiut scoring model. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Radiodiagnosis at Christian Medical College and hospital (tertiary care hospital), Ludhiana, Punjab, India, from November 2018 to January 2021. The study included 80 cases of adnexal masses. An Ultrasound (USG) diagnosis was made based on tumour volume, type of mass, papillary projections, septae and vessel location and Assiut score was obtained. Histopathological examination was carried out following surgery or biopsy. The diagnostic accuracy of USG (with histopathology as gold standard) was determined. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of USG was assessed for predicting malignancy taking histopathology as gold standard. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Most numbers of patients (33 patients, 41.25%) belonged to age group 21-30 years. Mean age of study subjects was 35.35±12.8 years. Majority (60, 75%) of patients were benign and 20 (25%) were malignant. The USG findings showed good agreement with histopathology (kappa=0.76, p-value<0.0001). Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for correctly predicting malignant lesions being 90%, 90%, 75% and 96.43% respectively. Median Assiut score in malignant was significantly higher as compared to benign (9.95 vs 3.47, p-value<0.0001). Characteristics such as central or septal vascularization, presence of thick septa, papillary projections, multilocularity and high tumour volume (especially above 500 mL) showed a significant association with malignancy (p-value<0.0001). Conclusion: The USG based Assuit scoring model is a good tool in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses with high sensitivity and specificity.
附件肿块病变在所有年龄组的女性中都很常见。术前准确判断附件肿块的良恶性是避免额外手术治疗的重要因素。超声检查是评估女性疑似附件肿块的首选影像学检查。Assiut评分模型是一种比较简单的利用各种超声参数对附件肿块进行良恶性鉴别的模型。目的:应用Assiut评分模型评价超声诊断附件肿块良恶性的准确性。材料与方法:本横断面研究于2018年11月至2021年1月在印度旁遮普卢迪亚纳基督教医学院和医院(三级保健医院)放射诊断科进行。本研究包括80例附件肿块。超声(USG)根据肿瘤体积、肿块类型、乳头状突起、间隔和血管位置进行诊断，并获得Assiut评分。手术或活检后行组织病理学检查。确定USG(以组织病理学为金标准)的诊断准确性。以组织病理学为金标准，评价USG预测恶性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。p值<0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:21 ~ 30岁年龄组最多，33例，占41.25%。研究对象平均年龄为35.35±12.8岁。大多数患者(60.75%)为良性，20例(25%)为恶性。USG结果与组织病理学结果吻合良好(kappa=0.76, p值<0.0001)。正确预测恶性病变的敏感性为90%，特异性为90%，Positive Predictive Value (PPV)为75%，Negative Predictive Value (NPV)为96.43%。恶性患者的Assiut评分中位数明显高于良性患者(9.95 vs 3.47, p值<0.0001)。中央或间隔血管形成、间隔厚、乳头状突起、多室和肿瘤体积大(特别是大于500ml)等特征显示与恶性肿瘤有显著相关性(p值<0.0001)。结论:基于USG的Assuit评分模型是鉴别附件肿块良恶性的良好工具，具有较高的敏感性和特异性。
{"title":"Accuracy of Ultrasound Imaging Findings in Diagnosis of Adnexal Masses: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Harish Gambhir, K. Aditya, R. Singh, S. Singla, Roma Issacs, S. Goyal","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/53616.2884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/53616.2884","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Adnexal mass lesions are common among women of all age groups. Precise preoperative estimation of the benign or malignant nature of an adnexal mass is important to avoid additional surgical treatment. Sonography is the initial imaging study of choice in the evaluation of women with suspected adnexal masses. Assiut scoring model is a simpler model for differentiation of adnexal masses into benign and malignant using various ultrasonographic parameters. Aim: To assess the accuracy of ultrasound in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses using Assiut scoring model. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Radiodiagnosis at Christian Medical College and hospital (tertiary care hospital), Ludhiana, Punjab, India, from November 2018 to January 2021. The study included 80 cases of adnexal masses. An Ultrasound (USG) diagnosis was made based on tumour volume, type of mass, papillary projections, septae and vessel location and Assiut score was obtained. Histopathological examination was carried out following surgery or biopsy. The diagnostic accuracy of USG (with histopathology as gold standard) was determined. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of USG was assessed for predicting malignancy taking histopathology as gold standard. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Most numbers of patients (33 patients, 41.25%) belonged to age group 21-30 years. Mean age of study subjects was 35.35±12.8 years. Majority (60, 75%) of patients were benign and 20 (25%) were malignant. The USG findings showed good agreement with histopathology (kappa=0.76, p-value<0.0001). Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for correctly predicting malignant lesions being 90%, 90%, 75% and 96.43% respectively. Median Assiut score in malignant was significantly higher as compared to benign (9.95 vs 3.47, p-value<0.0001). Characteristics such as central or septal vascularization, presence of thick septa, papillary projections, multilocularity and high tumour volume (especially above 500 mL) showed a significant association with malignancy (p-value<0.0001). Conclusion: The USG based Assuit scoring model is a good tool in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses with high sensitivity and specificity.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/55429.2859
Avishek Anand, R. George, Elamparidhi Padmanaban, Umamageshwari Amirthalingam
Introduction: Recent decades show a considerable increase in fungal infections, hence can lead to fungal sinusitis. Immunosuppression, post organ transplant, diabetes mellitus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection have led to a rise in the incidence of fungal infections. Recent advances in nasal endoscopy, Computed Tomography (CT), and Histopathological Examination (HPE) Techniques have led to better detection of fungal aetiology. Aim: To determine the most significant CT findings in fungal sinusitis or combination of findings in comparison to HPE. Materials and Methods: This retrospective case-control study was done at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry from January 2017 to December 2020. Total number of patients were 90. Total 50 cases of fungal sinusitis confirmed with histopathological confirmation and available non contrast CT Paranasal Sinus (PNS) images where time interval between CT and Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) not exceeding ten days were included. The control group had 40 patients with chronic sinusitis with HPE negative results. CT PNS were performed on PHILIPS 16 slice scanner without contrast administration. Data was entered into Microsoft excel and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 version software. Results: Mean age of the cases (fungal sinusitis) were 46.7±17 years and 39±13.1 years of controls. Of the total 90 subjects, heterogeneous mucosal thickening was seen in 41 (45.6%), intrasinus hyperattenuation in 36 (40%), bone sclerosis in 44 (48.9%), bone erosion in 36 (40%), sinus expansion in 23 (25.6%) subjects. Fungal sinusitis patients had more proportion of these findings when compared to control group and hence p-value was significant. Conclusion: The CT diagnostic features of the fungal sinusitis are heterogeneous mucosal thickening, intrasinus hyperattenuation, bone sclerosis, bone erosion and sinus expansion which were significant. These findings help to differentiate fungal sinusitis from non fungal sinusitis.
{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography by Fungal Sinusitis: A Case-control Study","authors":"Avishek Anand, R. George, Elamparidhi Padmanaban, Umamageshwari Amirthalingam","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/55429.2859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/55429.2859","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Recent decades show a considerable increase in fungal infections, hence can lead to fungal sinusitis. Immunosuppression, post organ transplant, diabetes mellitus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection have led to a rise in the incidence of fungal infections. Recent advances in nasal endoscopy, Computed Tomography (CT), and Histopathological Examination (HPE) Techniques have led to better detection of fungal aetiology. Aim: To determine the most significant CT findings in fungal sinusitis or combination of findings in comparison to HPE. Materials and Methods: This retrospective case-control study was done at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry from January 2017 to December 2020. Total number of patients were 90. Total 50 cases of fungal sinusitis confirmed with histopathological confirmation and available non contrast CT Paranasal Sinus (PNS) images where time interval between CT and Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) not exceeding ten days were included. The control group had 40 patients with chronic sinusitis with HPE negative results. CT PNS were performed on PHILIPS 16 slice scanner without contrast administration. Data was entered into Microsoft excel and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 version software. Results: Mean age of the cases (fungal sinusitis) were 46.7±17 years and 39±13.1 years of controls. Of the total 90 subjects, heterogeneous mucosal thickening was seen in 41 (45.6%), intrasinus hyperattenuation in 36 (40%), bone sclerosis in 44 (48.9%), bone erosion in 36 (40%), sinus expansion in 23 (25.6%) subjects. Fungal sinusitis patients had more proportion of these findings when compared to control group and hence p-value was significant. Conclusion: The CT diagnostic features of the fungal sinusitis are heterogeneous mucosal thickening, intrasinus hyperattenuation, bone sclerosis, bone erosion and sinus expansion which were significant. These findings help to differentiate fungal sinusitis from non fungal sinusitis.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/56730.2854
Ashish Jatale, S. Ibrahimpur, S. R. Ambre, J. Pandya
Asymptomatic hydatid cyst presents as an incidental finding. It is caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The liver is known to be involved organ, while the spleen is rarely involved. Hydatid cyst of the spleen should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with left hypochondriac pain.This poses a clinical challenge. The decision on conservation or surgery is also a dilemma. To decrease incidence of Overwhelming Postsplenectomy Infection (OPSI) for elective splenectomy, vaccination protocol should be followed. It is important for the clinician to bear in mind the possibility of incidental asymptomatic splenic hydatid cyst and management protocols. Authors, hereby reports, a case of 26-year-old lady with complain of left hypochondriac pain, diagnosed with Ultrasound Sonography (USG) and Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) scan as splenic hydatid cyst. The patient underwent splenectomy after completion of vaccination to avoid OPSI. At six month follow-up the patient was asymptomatic.
{"title":"Splenic Hydatid Cyst- A Case Report","authors":"Ashish Jatale, S. Ibrahimpur, S. R. Ambre, J. Pandya","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/56730.2854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/56730.2854","url":null,"abstract":"Asymptomatic hydatid cyst presents as an incidental finding. It is caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The liver is known to be involved organ, while the spleen is rarely involved. Hydatid cyst of the spleen should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with left hypochondriac pain.This poses a clinical challenge. The decision on conservation or surgery is also a dilemma. To decrease incidence of Overwhelming Postsplenectomy Infection (OPSI) for elective splenectomy, vaccination protocol should be followed. It is important for the clinician to bear in mind the possibility of incidental asymptomatic splenic hydatid cyst and management protocols. Authors, hereby reports, a case of 26-year-old lady with complain of left hypochondriac pain, diagnosed with Ultrasound Sonography (USG) and Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) scan as splenic hydatid cyst. The patient underwent splenectomy after completion of vaccination to avoid OPSI. At six month follow-up the patient was asymptomatic.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/57181.2866
Sushanth Shivaramegowda, Peddi Manjunath, K. Adithya
Introduction: Most common cause of burns in paediatric age group is scalds. Though intentional paediatrics burns are reported, usually they are caused by accidental spillage of hot water. Along with fluid management, major part of managing burns involves repeated dressings. Biological dressings like collagen are impervious to bacteria and create the most biological interface between the wound surface and the environment, ensuing in better healing. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of collagen dressings in second degree paediatric burns. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study done at Mahabhodhi Burns Center, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, from January 2018 to December 2019, included 75 second degree paediatric burns patients. Re-epithelialisation rates, infection and progress to full thickness burns were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software v.23. Results: Out of 75 children, 8 (10.7%) of children had complete re-epithelisation by seven days, 55 (73.3%) between 8 to 14 days and 4 (5.3%) between 14 to 21 days. Total 67 (89.3%) of children had complete epithialisation by 21 days, with mean of 9.5 days. Conclusion: Overall, collagen dressing helps in preventing infection, early re-epithelization, and avoids painful dressings. It minimises the psychological trauma on both patients as well as their parents.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Collagen Dressing in Second Degree Paediatric Burns: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study","authors":"Sushanth Shivaramegowda, Peddi Manjunath, K. Adithya","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/57181.2866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/57181.2866","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Most common cause of burns in paediatric age group is scalds. Though intentional paediatrics burns are reported, usually they are caused by accidental spillage of hot water. Along with fluid management, major part of managing burns involves repeated dressings. Biological dressings like collagen are impervious to bacteria and create the most biological interface between the wound surface and the environment, ensuing in better healing. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of collagen dressings in second degree paediatric burns. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study done at Mahabhodhi Burns Center, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, from January 2018 to December 2019, included 75 second degree paediatric burns patients. Re-epithelialisation rates, infection and progress to full thickness burns were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software v.23. Results: Out of 75 children, 8 (10.7%) of children had complete re-epithelisation by seven days, 55 (73.3%) between 8 to 14 days and 4 (5.3%) between 14 to 21 days. Total 67 (89.3%) of children had complete epithialisation by 21 days, with mean of 9.5 days. Conclusion: Overall, collagen dressing helps in preventing infection, early re-epithelization, and avoids painful dressings. It minimises the psychological trauma on both patients as well as their parents.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/58917.2882
V. Fernandes, A. Braggs
Introduction: The most common cystic lesion of the pancreas are pseudocysts of the pancreas. They are frequently observed in the peripancreatic regions, however, they may appear elsewhere. Knowledge of their varied locations becomes crucial for estimating their size and organising surgical treatments with respect to their mode of drainage and also knowing the exact surgical planes. Aim: To determine the distribution of pancreatic pseudocysts using a computed tomography ( CT) scan. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational time-bound carried out from December 2018 to December 2020 in Department of Radiology, Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. After obtaining ethical clearance, 56 patients with pancreatic pseudocyst diagnosed on ultrasound and later evaluated by CT were included. The protocol used was 128-slice Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT), plain and contrast axial images with multiplanar reformations. The primary outcome was to study the various locations in which these pseudocysts were present. The data was entered in a Microsoft Excel sheet. The frequency distribution of data was calculated. Results: Out of the 56 patients, 42 (75%) were males and 14 (25%) were females. Incidence of pseudocyst formation was highest in the age group 40-50 years 23, (41.07%). The most common location of pancreatic pseudocyst was the lesser sac 19 (33.92%). Other sites included peritoneum (n=7, 12.5%%), hepatic (n=8, 14.2%) and sub-hepatic (n=3, 5.36%), perinephric (n=5 , 8.92%), Intrasplenic and perisplenic (n=5, 8.92%), gastric (n=3, 5.36%), subdiaphragmatic regions (n=2, 3.57%), in the Psoas major (n=2, 3.57%) and mediastinum (n=2, 3.57%). Conclusion: The present study concludes that the most common location of a pancreatic pseudocyst is the lesser sac.
{"title":"Detection of Locations of Pancreatic Pseudocysts using Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study","authors":"V. Fernandes, A. Braggs","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/58917.2882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/58917.2882","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The most common cystic lesion of the pancreas are pseudocysts of the pancreas. They are frequently observed in the peripancreatic regions, however, they may appear elsewhere. Knowledge of their varied locations becomes crucial for estimating their size and organising surgical treatments with respect to their mode of drainage and also knowing the exact surgical planes. Aim: To determine the distribution of pancreatic pseudocysts using a computed tomography ( CT) scan. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational time-bound carried out from December 2018 to December 2020 in Department of Radiology, Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. After obtaining ethical clearance, 56 patients with pancreatic pseudocyst diagnosed on ultrasound and later evaluated by CT were included. The protocol used was 128-slice Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT), plain and contrast axial images with multiplanar reformations. The primary outcome was to study the various locations in which these pseudocysts were present. The data was entered in a Microsoft Excel sheet. The frequency distribution of data was calculated. Results: Out of the 56 patients, 42 (75%) were males and 14 (25%) were females. Incidence of pseudocyst formation was highest in the age group 40-50 years 23, (41.07%). The most common location of pancreatic pseudocyst was the lesser sac 19 (33.92%). Other sites included peritoneum (n=7, 12.5%%), hepatic (n=8, 14.2%) and sub-hepatic (n=3, 5.36%), perinephric (n=5 , 8.92%), Intrasplenic and perisplenic (n=5, 8.92%), gastric (n=3, 5.36%), subdiaphragmatic regions (n=2, 3.57%), in the Psoas major (n=2, 3.57%) and mediastinum (n=2, 3.57%). Conclusion: The present study concludes that the most common location of a pancreatic pseudocyst is the lesser sac.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/59067.2889
Sushma Daripelli, Dr. Rohini Motwani, Shipra Rout, Mrudula Chandrupatla, T. Bhavani
Introduction: The anatomy of gonadal veins is of growing importance, with an increased number of laparoscopic and open intra-abdominal surgical procedures. Gonadal veins display great variability concerning their course, number, and termination site. Aim: To explore the possible anatomical variations in the course and termination pattern of testicular veins. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 human male cadavers in Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India and All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bibinagar, Telangana, India, from 2019-2021. The course numbers and drainage pattern of testicular veins were analysed for any anatomical variations. Results: Two out of the 35 (5.71%) cases had shown multiple testicular veins. One case showed quadruple testicular veins with two oblique communicating veins on the right side and double left testicular veins on the left side. In another case, double right testicular veins with a single vein on the left side. However, no significant variations of arteries were noted in any of these cases. Conclusion: Detailed knowledge of variable presentations of testicular veins is necessary for vascular surgeons, urologists, nephrologists, and radiologists in safeguarding these veins intraoperatively and also, reducing any postoperative vascular complications.
{"title":"Variable Anatomical Presentation of Testicular Veins: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Sushma Daripelli, Dr. Rohini Motwani, Shipra Rout, Mrudula Chandrupatla, T. Bhavani","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/59067.2889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/59067.2889","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The anatomy of gonadal veins is of growing importance, with an increased number of laparoscopic and open intra-abdominal surgical procedures. Gonadal veins display great variability concerning their course, number, and termination site. Aim: To explore the possible anatomical variations in the course and termination pattern of testicular veins. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 human male cadavers in Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India and All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bibinagar, Telangana, India, from 2019-2021. The course numbers and drainage pattern of testicular veins were analysed for any anatomical variations. Results: Two out of the 35 (5.71%) cases had shown multiple testicular veins. One case showed quadruple testicular veins with two oblique communicating veins on the right side and double left testicular veins on the left side. In another case, double right testicular veins with a single vein on the left side. However, no significant variations of arteries were noted in any of these cases. Conclusion: Detailed knowledge of variable presentations of testicular veins is necessary for vascular surgeons, urologists, nephrologists, and radiologists in safeguarding these veins intraoperatively and also, reducing any postoperative vascular complications.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"9 37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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