Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/60806.2912
Sayantan Das, Anupam Khalkho, Paramita Mukhopadhyay, P. Mukherjee
Introduction: Orbital index demonstrates the proportion of the orbital length to the orbital width and varies with race, geographic region, and ethnicity. Aim: To evaluate the normal reference orbital parameters for the adult Bihar population of east Indian region. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mata Gujri Memorial Medical College, Kishanganj, Bihar, India for a period of one month from September 2022 to October 2022. A total of 41 dry adult skulls irrespective of sex were included. The digital Vernier caliper was used to measure the maximum orbital height and width. The orbital index was determined by using the formula maximum orbital length (height)/maximum orbital width×100. Based on the average orbital index as standard, three categories of orbits have been described-Megaseme (large): the orbital index is 89 or over, Mesoseme (intermediate): the orbital index varies between 89 to 83, and Microseme (small): the orbital index is 83 or less. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Orbital index between the right-side and left-side were compared using an unpaired two-tailed t-test at a 95% confidence limit. Results: Mean orbital length of right orbit of the dry skulls was 33.14±1.95 mm and left orbit was 33.44±1.92 mm. The mean orbital width of right orbit was 39.43±2.47 and left orbit was 39.13±2.49 mm. The mean orbital index was found to be 84.26±5.59 mm and 85.62±5.17 mm on the right and left orbit respectively (p-value=0.244). According to the orbital index the studied group of east Indian population comes under the mesoseme category. Conclusion: The study provides useful baseline orbital morphometric data of east Indian population which are very important during forensic research.
轨道指数显示了轨道长度与轨道宽度的比例，并随种族、地理区域和民族而变化。目的:评价印度东部比哈尔邦成年人正常参考眼窝参数。材料与方法:横断面研究于2022年9月至2022年10月在印度比哈尔邦Kishanganj的Mata Gujri纪念医学院进行，为期一个月。总共包括41个干枯的成人头骨，不分性别。用数字游标卡尺测量轨道的最大高度和宽度。轨道指数由公式最大轨道长度(高度)/最大轨道width×100确定。以平均轨道指数为标准，将轨道分为三大类:轨道指数在89及以上的大轨道(megaseme)、轨道指数在89至83之间的中轨道(Mesoseme)和轨道指数在83及以下的小轨道(Microseme)。采用SPSS 20.0版进行统计分析。在95%的置信限下，使用非配对双尾t检验比较左右侧的轨道指数。结果:干颅骨右眼眶平均长度为33.14±1.95 mm，左眼眶平均长度为33.44±1.92 mm。右眼眶平均宽度为39.43±2.47 mm，左眼眶平均宽度为39.13±2.49 mm。右、左眼眶平均指数分别为84.26±5.59 mm和85.62±5.17 mm (p值=0.244)。根据轨道指数，所研究的东印度人口群体属于mesmeseme类别。结论:该研究为东印度人群提供了有用的基线眼窝形态测量数据，对法医学研究具有重要意义。
{"title":"Orbital Index in Human Dry Skulls of East Indian Origin: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Sayantan Das, Anupam Khalkho, Paramita Mukhopadhyay, P. Mukherjee","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/60806.2912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/60806.2912","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Orbital index demonstrates the proportion of the orbital length to the orbital width and varies with race, geographic region, and ethnicity. Aim: To evaluate the normal reference orbital parameters for the adult Bihar population of east Indian region. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mata Gujri Memorial Medical College, Kishanganj, Bihar, India for a period of one month from September 2022 to October 2022. A total of 41 dry adult skulls irrespective of sex were included. The digital Vernier caliper was used to measure the maximum orbital height and width. The orbital index was determined by using the formula maximum orbital length (height)/maximum orbital width×100. Based on the average orbital index as standard, three categories of orbits have been described-Megaseme (large): the orbital index is 89 or over, Mesoseme (intermediate): the orbital index varies between 89 to 83, and Microseme (small): the orbital index is 83 or less. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Orbital index between the right-side and left-side were compared using an unpaired two-tailed t-test at a 95% confidence limit. Results: Mean orbital length of right orbit of the dry skulls was 33.14±1.95 mm and left orbit was 33.44±1.92 mm. The mean orbital width of right orbit was 39.43±2.47 and left orbit was 39.13±2.49 mm. The mean orbital index was found to be 84.26±5.59 mm and 85.62±5.17 mm on the right and left orbit respectively (p-value=0.244). According to the orbital index the studied group of east Indian population comes under the mesoseme category. Conclusion: The study provides useful baseline orbital morphometric data of east Indian population which are very important during forensic research.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/61027.2893
R. Jaiswal
Introduction: All educational institutions follow different types of teaching and learning methods to deliver knowledge to the students. The conventional teaching methodology is commonly used in many educational institutions. Small group discussion (SGD) aids in improving the basic skills required for every task i.e., communication skills. Enthusiastic participation help in creating a dynamic and lively environment for the progress of participants. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Small group discussion (SGD) over traditional lectures and to assess the perception of students regarding SGD versus traditional lectures. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with MBBS Phase-I medical students from November 2019 to April 2020 in Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. About 150 MBBS Phase-I medical students were divided into 2 groups, A and B, 75 students per group. Group-A (Roll Number 1 to 75) was taken for traditional lecture, and Group-B (Roll Number 76 to 150) were taken for SGD. Pre and post multiple choice assessment was performed. Perception of both Groups A and B about traditional Lecture and SGD was taken by pre-validated questionnaire based on Likert’s scale. Crossover of the groups was done with second topic. Student’s t-test was used to compare pre-test and post-test results and the p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean in post-test scores of Group-B i.e., in SGD was 55.8±4.51 (p-value=0.022). As per 55 (88.7%) students, small group teaching session was less stressful. A total of 59 (95.15%) students agreed that SGD was interactive and 58 (93.54%) said they had their active participation and 61 (98.38%) students developed interest. A total of 58 (93.54%) students agreed that, it helped in retaining knowledge. As per 62 (99.9%) students, SGD was useful for improvement of communication skill among students, were of the opinion that they had a good level of discussion in SGD session. Conclusion: SGD involves active participation with good communication skills and develops good retention of knowledge. It has been introduced in the new curriculum to increase the efficiency of students.
{"title":"Small Group Discussion versus Traditional Lecture in Anatomy Teaching: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"R. Jaiswal","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/61027.2893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/61027.2893","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: All educational institutions follow different types of teaching and learning methods to deliver knowledge to the students. The conventional teaching methodology is commonly used in many educational institutions. Small group discussion (SGD) aids in improving the basic skills required for every task i.e., communication skills. Enthusiastic participation help in creating a dynamic and lively environment for the progress of participants. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Small group discussion (SGD) over traditional lectures and to assess the perception of students regarding SGD versus traditional lectures. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with MBBS Phase-I medical students from November 2019 to April 2020 in Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. About 150 MBBS Phase-I medical students were divided into 2 groups, A and B, 75 students per group. Group-A (Roll Number 1 to 75) was taken for traditional lecture, and Group-B (Roll Number 76 to 150) were taken for SGD. Pre and post multiple choice assessment was performed. Perception of both Groups A and B about traditional Lecture and SGD was taken by pre-validated questionnaire based on Likert’s scale. Crossover of the groups was done with second topic. Student’s t-test was used to compare pre-test and post-test results and the p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean in post-test scores of Group-B i.e., in SGD was 55.8±4.51 (p-value=0.022). As per 55 (88.7%) students, small group teaching session was less stressful. A total of 59 (95.15%) students agreed that SGD was interactive and 58 (93.54%) said they had their active participation and 61 (98.38%) students developed interest. A total of 58 (93.54%) students agreed that, it helped in retaining knowledge. As per 62 (99.9%) students, SGD was useful for improvement of communication skill among students, were of the opinion that they had a good level of discussion in SGD session. Conclusion: SGD involves active participation with good communication skills and develops good retention of knowledge. It has been introduced in the new curriculum to increase the efficiency of students.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/62151.2898
A. Chellathurai, Thangalakshmi Adaikalam, Nellaiappan Chelliah, Bharathi Priya Raju, Sathyan Gnanasigamani, S. Murugesan
Introduction: Necrotising fasciitis requires a high index of clinical suspicion in the early stages since it is difficult to distinguish it from common skin diseases like cellulitis or harmless wound infections. Despite improvements in antibiotic therapy and intensive care, Necrotising Soft Tissue Infections (NSTIs) still have a high mortality rate. Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) can increase the efficiency and precision of diagnostics. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has a higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing the infection. However, Computed Tomography (CT) and MRI are not always readily available in clinical practice settings and can have other drawbacks, such as being a time-consuming and expensive method. Aim: To define how POCUS can be used as an initial and primary modality for diagnosis of NSTI. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from April 2021 to March 2022. A total number of 40 patients of any age group and sex, who were suspected to have soft tissue infections were included. After doing a bedside ultrasound in all 40 patients, in 36 MRI was performed. MRI was considered the gold standard technique in the diagnosis of NSTI. The Ultrasonography (USG) and MRI findings were compared. The imaging findings taken into consideration for predicting NSTI include subcutaneous thickening, subcutaneous fluid collection, muscular oedema, and subcutaneous air pockets. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were calculated. Results: The mean age of study population was 52 years. The incidence in males was 62.5% (25 patients) and in females was 37.5% (15 patients). The lower limb was the most frequently affected site involving the 25 (62.5%) patients. Out of 40 patients, 38 patients had subcutaneous thickening, 28 patients had subcutaneous fluid collection, 20 patients had muscular oedema and 13 patients had subcutaneous air pockets. Out of 13 patients who had subcutaneous air pockets four people had extensive air pockets and the USG findings were obscured in that four cases due to reverberation artifacts caused by air pockets. In the current study, POCUS has a sensitivity of 93.5%, specificity of 80%, PPV of 96%, NPV of 66.67%, and accuracy of 91.67%. Conclusion: According to the observations, the present study concluded that POCUS has a higher sensitivity in diagnosing NSTI.
{"title":"Comparison of Point of Care Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Diagnosis of Necrotising Soft Tissue Infections: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"A. Chellathurai, Thangalakshmi Adaikalam, Nellaiappan Chelliah, Bharathi Priya Raju, Sathyan Gnanasigamani, S. Murugesan","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/62151.2898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/62151.2898","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Necrotising fasciitis requires a high index of clinical suspicion in the early stages since it is difficult to distinguish it from common skin diseases like cellulitis or harmless wound infections. Despite improvements in antibiotic therapy and intensive care, Necrotising Soft Tissue Infections (NSTIs) still have a high mortality rate. Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) can increase the efficiency and precision of diagnostics. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has a higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing the infection. However, Computed Tomography (CT) and MRI are not always readily available in clinical practice settings and can have other drawbacks, such as being a time-consuming and expensive method. Aim: To define how POCUS can be used as an initial and primary modality for diagnosis of NSTI. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from April 2021 to March 2022. A total number of 40 patients of any age group and sex, who were suspected to have soft tissue infections were included. After doing a bedside ultrasound in all 40 patients, in 36 MRI was performed. MRI was considered the gold standard technique in the diagnosis of NSTI. The Ultrasonography (USG) and MRI findings were compared. The imaging findings taken into consideration for predicting NSTI include subcutaneous thickening, subcutaneous fluid collection, muscular oedema, and subcutaneous air pockets. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were calculated. Results: The mean age of study population was 52 years. The incidence in males was 62.5% (25 patients) and in females was 37.5% (15 patients). The lower limb was the most frequently affected site involving the 25 (62.5%) patients. Out of 40 patients, 38 patients had subcutaneous thickening, 28 patients had subcutaneous fluid collection, 20 patients had muscular oedema and 13 patients had subcutaneous air pockets. Out of 13 patients who had subcutaneous air pockets four people had extensive air pockets and the USG findings were obscured in that four cases due to reverberation artifacts caused by air pockets. In the current study, POCUS has a sensitivity of 93.5%, specificity of 80%, PPV of 96%, NPV of 66.67%, and accuracy of 91.67%. Conclusion: According to the observations, the present study concluded that POCUS has a higher sensitivity in diagnosing NSTI.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) plays a vital role in gait balancing and lower limb kinematics. Any injury to the ACL leads to gait imbalance and alterations in foot pressure distribution. The stability and biomechanics of the lower limb after ACL Reconstruction (ACLR) can be measured through foot pressure analysis, gait analysis, and percentage contact area of the foot, among others. Aim: To evaluate the static foot pressure and percentage contact area of the foot in ACL deficient group, comparing it with the ACLR group and the normal healthy individual group. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Sports Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India from March 10, 2021 to March 15, 2023. A total of 15 patients in each group (ACL injury, ACLR patients, and normal healthy individuals) were included in this study. Foot pressures (static) were recorded in all three groups using the BTS P-WALK system with BTS Biomedical software, which included high- density sensors and a plate size of 700 × 500 × 5 mm. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26.0. Chi-square and linear regression tests were used to analyse the differences between the groups. Results: In the intragroup analysis, ACL deficient patients’ ipsilateral limbs showed lower foot pressure in the mid-foot (7±3.4), hind-foot (40.33±10.08), and whole foot pressure (110.19±34.7 Pascal (N/M2)) (p-value>0.05) compared to normal healthy individuals (126.06±19.4 Pascal (N/M2) (p>0.05) and ACLR (125.06±14.3 Pascal (N/M2)) (p-value>0.05) groups, which suggested insignificant differences. The percentage contact area of the foot was significantly lower (43.15±3.4) (p-value<0.001) compared to normal healthy individuals (49.82±0.84) and ACLR (49.02±0.91) groups. However, in intergroup comparisons, the differences in mid-foot, whole foot pressure, and percentage contact area of the foot were significant (p-value <0.001) within the groups. Conclusion: Although there is a wide range of variation in the values of static foot pressure and percentage contact area of the foot in ACL deficient patients, after ACLR, these values become nearly similar to those of normal healthy individuals at around one year after ACLR.
{"title":"Static Foot Pressure and Percentage Contact Area of the Foot as an Assessment Tool for the Success of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Abhishek Agarwal, Sabeel Ahmad, Abhishek Saini, Ashish Kumar, Pratyaksha Pandit","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/65884.2917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/65884.2917","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) plays a vital role in gait balancing and lower limb kinematics. Any injury to the ACL leads to gait imbalance and alterations in foot pressure distribution. The stability and biomechanics of the lower limb after ACL Reconstruction (ACLR) can be measured through foot pressure analysis, gait analysis, and percentage contact area of the foot, among others. Aim: To evaluate the static foot pressure and percentage contact area of the foot in ACL deficient group, comparing it with the ACLR group and the normal healthy individual group. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Sports Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India from March 10, 2021 to March 15, 2023. A total of 15 patients in each group (ACL injury, ACLR patients, and normal healthy individuals) were included in this study. Foot pressures (static) were recorded in all three groups using the BTS P-WALK system with BTS Biomedical software, which included high- density sensors and a plate size of 700 × 500 × 5 mm. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26.0. Chi-square and linear regression tests were used to analyse the differences between the groups. Results: In the intragroup analysis, ACL deficient patients’ ipsilateral limbs showed lower foot pressure in the mid-foot (7±3.4), hind-foot (40.33±10.08), and whole foot pressure (110.19±34.7 Pascal (N/M2)) (p-value>0.05) compared to normal healthy individuals (126.06±19.4 Pascal (N/M2) (p>0.05) and ACLR (125.06±14.3 Pascal (N/M2)) (p-value>0.05) groups, which suggested insignificant differences. The percentage contact area of the foot was significantly lower (43.15±3.4) (p-value<0.001) compared to normal healthy individuals (49.82±0.84) and ACLR (49.02±0.91) groups. However, in intergroup comparisons, the differences in mid-foot, whole foot pressure, and percentage contact area of the foot were significant (p-value <0.001) within the groups. Conclusion: Although there is a wide range of variation in the values of static foot pressure and percentage contact area of the foot in ACL deficient patients, after ACLR, these values become nearly similar to those of normal healthy individuals at around one year after ACLR.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/60654.2915
Hemkanwer Joya, Manali Arora, Neha Vijay
Introduction: Cephalometry is an important part of physical Anthropology and medicine which is used for the determination of the morphological characteristics of the head. Cephalometric results can also be of great assistance in evaluating patients while imaging, in the filed of paediatrics, craniofacial surgery and study growth patterns. Aim: To determine cephalic measurements (head circumference and auricular head height) in tribes of Udaipur Rajasthan and also to find out gender-based differences, if any. Materials and Methods: This anthropometric study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan. The subjects were 500 tribal people (269 male and 231 female) aged between 21 to 50 years. Head circumference (cm) and auricular head height (cm) were measured using Todd’s Head spanner and measuring tape to nearest 1 mm. Data were subjected to statistical analysis to find out Mean±SD and Independent group t-test was used for comparing two independent groups. The p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Overall, there were 269 (53.8%) tribal males and 231 (46.2%) females with mean age 33.10±8.64 and 34.67±8.17, respectively. The mean values of head circumference (cm) in Bheel, Damor, Garasia, Kathodi and Meena were 56.17±0.85, 56.13±1.11, 55.99±0.90, 56.53±1.08 and 56.26±1.13, respectively. The mean auricular head height (cm) in Bheel, Damor, Garasia, Kathodi and Meena were 13.20±0.39, 13.17±0.43, 12.99±0.24, 13.51±0.45 and 13.17±0.41, respectively. The values for mean head circumference (cm) and auricular head height (cm) were 56.19±1.02 and 13.17±0.40, respectively, in all study participants. The mean head circumference (cm) and auricular head height (cm) of tribal males were significantly higher (56.45±1.03 and 13.32±0.40, respectively) than females (55.87±0.90 and 13.00±0.32, respectively). Conclusion: Significant differences exist in mean values of head circumference and auricular head height between the tribal males and females, which indicates gender differences with significantly higher values for all anthropometric parameters in the male counterpart.
{"title":"Cephalic Measurements of Different Tribal Groups of Udaipur District of Southern Rajasthan, India","authors":"Hemkanwer Joya, Manali Arora, Neha Vijay","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/60654.2915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/60654.2915","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cephalometry is an important part of physical Anthropology and medicine which is used for the determination of the morphological characteristics of the head. Cephalometric results can also be of great assistance in evaluating patients while imaging, in the filed of paediatrics, craniofacial surgery and study growth patterns. Aim: To determine cephalic measurements (head circumference and auricular head height) in tribes of Udaipur Rajasthan and also to find out gender-based differences, if any. Materials and Methods: This anthropometric study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan. The subjects were 500 tribal people (269 male and 231 female) aged between 21 to 50 years. Head circumference (cm) and auricular head height (cm) were measured using Todd’s Head spanner and measuring tape to nearest 1 mm. Data were subjected to statistical analysis to find out Mean±SD and Independent group t-test was used for comparing two independent groups. The p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Overall, there were 269 (53.8%) tribal males and 231 (46.2%) females with mean age 33.10±8.64 and 34.67±8.17, respectively. The mean values of head circumference (cm) in Bheel, Damor, Garasia, Kathodi and Meena were 56.17±0.85, 56.13±1.11, 55.99±0.90, 56.53±1.08 and 56.26±1.13, respectively. The mean auricular head height (cm) in Bheel, Damor, Garasia, Kathodi and Meena were 13.20±0.39, 13.17±0.43, 12.99±0.24, 13.51±0.45 and 13.17±0.41, respectively. The values for mean head circumference (cm) and auricular head height (cm) were 56.19±1.02 and 13.17±0.40, respectively, in all study participants. The mean head circumference (cm) and auricular head height (cm) of tribal males were significantly higher (56.45±1.03 and 13.32±0.40, respectively) than females (55.87±0.90 and 13.00±0.32, respectively). Conclusion: Significant differences exist in mean values of head circumference and auricular head height between the tribal males and females, which indicates gender differences with significantly higher values for all anthropometric parameters in the male counterpart.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134887896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/59022.2887
M. Jacob, K. Sankar, S. Venugopal
Parathyroid Carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine malignancy, accounting for <1% of sporadic Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) cases. A preoperative and even intraoperative diagnosis of PC is rarely reported due to its close resemblance to parathyroid adenoma with respect to symptoms- hypercalcaemia, renal stones and/or failure, osteoporosis, and cardiac/neurocognitive dysfunction. The mean serum calcium in PC is reported to be greater than 14 mg/dL along with serum Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) levels often above 1000 pg/mL. When serum PTH levels are 10 times the upper limit of the normal, it is considered diagnostic of PC. Surgical en-bloc resection without capsular breach is the only definitive cure for PC. The present case report included two patients who presented with features of single parathyroid glandular enlargement, hypercalcaemia, its consequences and with normal ionised calcium, but relatively low levels of elevated serum PTH (<300 pg/mL). They were operated and identified postoperatively as having PC. This rare presentation of PC where the preoperative serum PTH values were lower than usually seen in carcinoma, should alert endocrinologists and surgeons that lower levels of elevated serum PTH do not primarily exclude the possibility of carcinoma.
{"title":"Parathyroid Carcinoma with Low Values of Elevated Parathyroid Hormone: A Case Report","authors":"M. Jacob, K. Sankar, S. Venugopal","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/59022.2887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/59022.2887","url":null,"abstract":"Parathyroid Carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine malignancy, accounting for <1% of sporadic Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) cases. A preoperative and even intraoperative diagnosis of PC is rarely reported due to its close resemblance to parathyroid adenoma with respect to symptoms- hypercalcaemia, renal stones and/or failure, osteoporosis, and cardiac/neurocognitive dysfunction. The mean serum calcium in PC is reported to be greater than 14 mg/dL along with serum Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) levels often above 1000 pg/mL. When serum PTH levels are 10 times the upper limit of the normal, it is considered diagnostic of PC. Surgical en-bloc resection without capsular breach is the only definitive cure for PC. The present case report included two patients who presented with features of single parathyroid glandular enlargement, hypercalcaemia, its consequences and with normal ionised calcium, but relatively low levels of elevated serum PTH (<300 pg/mL). They were operated and identified postoperatively as having PC. This rare presentation of PC where the preoperative serum PTH values were lower than usually seen in carcinoma, should alert endocrinologists and surgeons that lower levels of elevated serum PTH do not primarily exclude the possibility of carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is one of the most commonly performed surgeries for sinusitis. The olfactory fossa is prone to injury during FESS and the risk of injury depends on the depth of the olfactory fossa. Aim: To assess the depth of the olfactory fossa by multidetector Computed Tomography (CT) and to study the incidence and distribution of asymmetry of olfactory fossa depth. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at Department of Radiology, Dr Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India from November 2019 to October 2019. The sample size was 500 patients. All patients above the age of 18 years who were referred to the department of radiology for CT paranasal sinuses were included. Olfactory fossa depth was calculated from the CT scan and statistical analysis was done comparing it with the variables such as age, gender and side of fossa. Results: Out of total 500 participants, 311 (74.2%) patients in the study were males. The mean age of patients was 40.3±16.05 years. There was no significant difference in the olfactory fossa depth on the right side (p-value=0.6) and left side (p-value=0.9) in both genders. A total of 400 (80%) patients of the cases had asymmetry of the olfactory fossa. In males, the most common (n=294, 799.2%) was type 2 Keros on the right and 280 (75.5%) patients on the left side. In females on the right side, type 1 Keros was more common (52 patients, 40.3%) and on the left side type 2 Keros was more common (60 patients, 46.5%) and there was a significant difference in the proportion of different types of Keros in both genders (p-value<0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of Keros types among the different age groups (p-value=0.56 on the right side and p-value=0.66 on left side). Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the proportion of Keros types among males and females and the majority of the patients had asymmetry. Prospective studies with intraoperative information from the surgeon can add further information on the utility of the Keros grade.
{"title":"Role of Multidetector Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Olfactory Fossa Depth among the South Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Chandra Sekhara Rao Kondragunta, Satish Kumar Kesinakurthi, Satya Chowdary Morampudi, Sreeja Gogula, S. Tripuraneni","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/60236.2868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/60236.2868","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is one of the most commonly performed surgeries for sinusitis. The olfactory fossa is prone to injury during FESS and the risk of injury depends on the depth of the olfactory fossa. Aim: To assess the depth of the olfactory fossa by multidetector Computed Tomography (CT) and to study the incidence and distribution of asymmetry of olfactory fossa depth. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at Department of Radiology, Dr Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India from November 2019 to October 2019. The sample size was 500 patients. All patients above the age of 18 years who were referred to the department of radiology for CT paranasal sinuses were included. Olfactory fossa depth was calculated from the CT scan and statistical analysis was done comparing it with the variables such as age, gender and side of fossa. Results: Out of total 500 participants, 311 (74.2%) patients in the study were males. The mean age of patients was 40.3±16.05 years. There was no significant difference in the olfactory fossa depth on the right side (p-value=0.6) and left side (p-value=0.9) in both genders. A total of 400 (80%) patients of the cases had asymmetry of the olfactory fossa. In males, the most common (n=294, 799.2%) was type 2 Keros on the right and 280 (75.5%) patients on the left side. In females on the right side, type 1 Keros was more common (52 patients, 40.3%) and on the left side type 2 Keros was more common (60 patients, 46.5%) and there was a significant difference in the proportion of different types of Keros in both genders (p-value<0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of Keros types among the different age groups (p-value=0.56 on the right side and p-value=0.66 on left side). Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the proportion of Keros types among males and females and the majority of the patients had asymmetry. Prospective studies with intraoperative information from the surgeon can add further information on the utility of the Keros grade.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/65210.2932
C Shobha, G Sushrutha, Bhimanagouda V Goudar
Introduction: Acute appendicitis remains the most commonly occurring surgical emergency, with a prevalence rate of approximately 8% among individuals aged 10-30 years. The Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha for Appendicitis (RIPASA) scoring system appears to be an accurate, simple, and rapid parameter for predicting Acute Appendicitis (AA). Aim: To determine the validity and diagnostic efficiency of the RIPASA scoring system for acute appendicitis and compare it with histopathology. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients admitted to Nijalingappa Medical College in Bagalkot, Karnataka, India, from January 2020 to June 2021. The study included patients of both genders above 18 years of age, presenting with right iliac fossa pain. Detailed history was obtained, and a thorough clinical examination was performed. Appropriate investigations were conducted, and the RIPASA score was calculated. Qualitative data were represented as frequency and percentage. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy were calculated to assess the validity of the tool. An ROC curve was plotted to determine the area under the curve. Results: A total of 90 patients had RIPASA scores of ≥7.5, and the majority of them (75.6%) were under the age of 40 years, with a mean age of 39.9 years. The male-to-female ratio was 48.9:51.1, approximately 0.95. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the RIPASA scoring system were 82%, 100%, and 82%, respectively. Conclusion: The RIPASA scoring system demonstrates good applicability and efficiency in diagnosing acute appendicitis. It is easily accessible and non-invasive, thereby reducing the cost of radiological investigations and unnecessary economic burden.
简介:急性阑尾炎仍然是最常见的外科急诊，在10-30岁的人群中患病率约为8%。Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha for Appendicitis (RIPASA)评分系统是预测急性阑尾炎(Acute Appendicitis, AA)的一个准确、简单、快速的参数。目的:探讨RIPASA评分系统对急性阑尾炎的有效性和诊断效率，并与组织病理学进行比较。材料与方法:对2020年1月至2021年6月在印度卡纳塔克邦巴加尔科特Nijalingappa医学院住院的患者进行了一项横断面研究。该研究包括18岁以上的男女患者，表现为右髂窝疼痛。获得了详细的病史，并进行了彻底的临床检查。进行了适当的调查，并计算了RIPASA评分。定性数据用频率和百分比表示。计算敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)和诊断准确性，以评估该工具的有效性。绘制ROC曲线以确定曲线下的面积。结果:共有90例患者RIPASA评分≥7.5分，其中大多数(75.6%)年龄在40岁以下，平均年龄为39.9岁。男女比例为48.9:51.1，约为0.95。RIPASA评分系统的敏感性、特异性和诊断准确性分别为82%、100%和82%。结论:RIPASA评分系统对急性阑尾炎的诊断具有较好的适用性和有效性。它易于获取和非侵入性，从而减少了放射检查的成本和不必要的经济负担。
{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of the RIPASA Score in Suspected Acute Appendicitis in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study Comparing it with Histopathological Findings from Bagalkot, India","authors":"C Shobha, G Sushrutha, Bhimanagouda V Goudar","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/65210.2932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/65210.2932","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute appendicitis remains the most commonly occurring surgical emergency, with a prevalence rate of approximately 8% among individuals aged 10-30 years. The Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha for Appendicitis (RIPASA) scoring system appears to be an accurate, simple, and rapid parameter for predicting Acute Appendicitis (AA). Aim: To determine the validity and diagnostic efficiency of the RIPASA scoring system for acute appendicitis and compare it with histopathology. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients admitted to Nijalingappa Medical College in Bagalkot, Karnataka, India, from January 2020 to June 2021. The study included patients of both genders above 18 years of age, presenting with right iliac fossa pain. Detailed history was obtained, and a thorough clinical examination was performed. Appropriate investigations were conducted, and the RIPASA score was calculated. Qualitative data were represented as frequency and percentage. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy were calculated to assess the validity of the tool. An ROC curve was plotted to determine the area under the curve. Results: A total of 90 patients had RIPASA scores of ≥7.5, and the majority of them (75.6%) were under the age of 40 years, with a mean age of 39.9 years. The male-to-female ratio was 48.9:51.1, approximately 0.95. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the RIPASA scoring system were 82%, 100%, and 82%, respectively. Conclusion: The RIPASA scoring system demonstrates good applicability and efficiency in diagnosing acute appendicitis. It is easily accessible and non-invasive, thereby reducing the cost of radiological investigations and unnecessary economic burden.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134981454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/56155.2865
N. Priyadharshini, Elampaparidhi Padmanaban, V. D. Kumar
Introduction: The advancements in technologies have created new promenade pertaining to the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall and body contouring surgery. This kindle the anatomist and surgeon to redefine the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. Anterior abdominal wall was routinely tutored as two layers, but the controversy regarding the existence and extent prevails. From the literature search, it was evident that preservation of Scarpa’s fascia is the pivot in determining the outcome of abdominal surgeries. Aim: To document the existence and extent of the Membranous Fascia of Scarpa (MFS) and compare the abdominal fat between age and sex-matched Computed Tomography (CT) images at 3 levels i.e., i) L1 vertebrae, ii) umbilicus and iii) anterior superior iliac spine and also to compare the distribution of abdominal fat. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in collaboration with the Department of Radiology at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, from November 2019 to December 2020. A total of 60 CT images, that were age and sex matched were collected from the Medical Records Department. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 for windows. Types and extent of fascia were expressed in percentage, fat distribution as mean. The difference in mean between two and three independent groups was made using the Student’s t-test. The statistical tests applied were two tailed and p-value<0.05 were considered significant. Results: Single layer of the MFS was observed with 93.3%, 76.7% at level 1; 53.3%, 66.7% at level 2, 70%, 63.3% at level 3, among CT images of male and female respectively. The findings supported the presence of MFS on the entire anterior abdominal wall and 8 different patterns of MFS were observed. The anterior abdominal wall showed three layers of superficial fascia, with superficial fatty, MFS, and deep fatty zone. On comparing the abdominal fat, superficial fat was significantly high among females at all three levels. However, the deep fat though high among females in all the three-level; it was significantly high only at levels 1and 2 among subgroup 1 (p-value=0.003 and 0.001 respectively) and level 1 of subgroup 3 (p-value=0.01). Conclusion: The study decipher 3 layer theory of superficial layer of the anterior abdominal wall and superficial fat was significantly high among females, supporting that gender to be high-risk for surgical intervention. Redefining anatomy would guide for better and fruitful outcomes in surgical interventions.
{"title":"Assessment of Superficial Fascia and Abdominal Fat of Anterior Abdominal Wall using Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study","authors":"N. Priyadharshini, Elampaparidhi Padmanaban, V. D. Kumar","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/56155.2865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/56155.2865","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The advancements in technologies have created new promenade pertaining to the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall and body contouring surgery. This kindle the anatomist and surgeon to redefine the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. Anterior abdominal wall was routinely tutored as two layers, but the controversy regarding the existence and extent prevails. From the literature search, it was evident that preservation of Scarpa’s fascia is the pivot in determining the outcome of abdominal surgeries. Aim: To document the existence and extent of the Membranous Fascia of Scarpa (MFS) and compare the abdominal fat between age and sex-matched Computed Tomography (CT) images at 3 levels i.e., i) L1 vertebrae, ii) umbilicus and iii) anterior superior iliac spine and also to compare the distribution of abdominal fat. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in collaboration with the Department of Radiology at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, from November 2019 to December 2020. A total of 60 CT images, that were age and sex matched were collected from the Medical Records Department. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 for windows. Types and extent of fascia were expressed in percentage, fat distribution as mean. The difference in mean between two and three independent groups was made using the Student’s t-test. The statistical tests applied were two tailed and p-value<0.05 were considered significant. Results: Single layer of the MFS was observed with 93.3%, 76.7% at level 1; 53.3%, 66.7% at level 2, 70%, 63.3% at level 3, among CT images of male and female respectively. The findings supported the presence of MFS on the entire anterior abdominal wall and 8 different patterns of MFS were observed. The anterior abdominal wall showed three layers of superficial fascia, with superficial fatty, MFS, and deep fatty zone. On comparing the abdominal fat, superficial fat was significantly high among females at all three levels. However, the deep fat though high among females in all the three-level; it was significantly high only at levels 1and 2 among subgroup 1 (p-value=0.003 and 0.001 respectively) and level 1 of subgroup 3 (p-value=0.01). Conclusion: The study decipher 3 layer theory of superficial layer of the anterior abdominal wall and superficial fat was significantly high among females, supporting that gender to be high-risk for surgical intervention. Redefining anatomy would guide for better and fruitful outcomes in surgical interventions.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/57062.2901
K. Lohith, V. Gowda, Sanjana Satish
Introduction: The high incidence and increasing awareness of prostate cancer, along with ongoing development of new and improved treatment methods have generated considerable need for imaging techniques that allow for accurate detection and staging of tumour prior to treatment. Aim: To compare the findings of Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and localisation of carcinoma prostate. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Mysore Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India from April 2018 to June 2019. This study included 43 male patients, with age ranging from 49 to 76 years. They underwent TRUS, MRI and TRUS guided 12- core biopsies after being suspected with prostate cancer based on high Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) values (greater than 4.0 ng/mL) or abnormal Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) findings. A cross table was used to compare the histopathology results, TRUS and MRI findings, from which sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were calculated. Results: Total of 43 male patients were included with mean age of 64.8 years. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of TRUS for detection of malignancy was 69.70, 80, 92 and 44.44 respectively and for MRI, it was 87.88%, 70%, 90.63% and 63.64% respectively. In addition, MRI detected lymphadenopathy in three patients and skeletal metastasis in four patients. Conclusion: MRI can improve the false negative biopsies resulting due to the inability of TRUS in the detection of abnormal areas, by showing the exact area of abnormality.
{"title":"Diagnostic Efficacy of Transrectal Ultrasound vs Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Carcinoma Prostate: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"K. Lohith, V. Gowda, Sanjana Satish","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/57062.2901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/57062.2901","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The high incidence and increasing awareness of prostate cancer, along with ongoing development of new and improved treatment methods have generated considerable need for imaging techniques that allow for accurate detection and staging of tumour prior to treatment. Aim: To compare the findings of Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and localisation of carcinoma prostate. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Mysore Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India from April 2018 to June 2019. This study included 43 male patients, with age ranging from 49 to 76 years. They underwent TRUS, MRI and TRUS guided 12- core biopsies after being suspected with prostate cancer based on high Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) values (greater than 4.0 ng/mL) or abnormal Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) findings. A cross table was used to compare the histopathology results, TRUS and MRI findings, from which sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were calculated. Results: Total of 43 male patients were included with mean age of 64.8 years. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of TRUS for detection of malignancy was 69.70, 80, 92 and 44.44 respectively and for MRI, it was 87.88%, 70%, 90.63% and 63.64% respectively. In addition, MRI detected lymphadenopathy in three patients and skeletal metastasis in four patients. Conclusion: MRI can improve the false negative biopsies resulting due to the inability of TRUS in the detection of abnormal areas, by showing the exact area of abnormality.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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