Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/59345.2879
B. Shwetha, M. Pushpa
Introduction: Several variations in the course and branching pattern of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve (SPN) have been reported. Knowledge of the different course of SPN is essential in reducing the risk of iatrogenic injury during the orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery and various other procedures. Aim: To observe any variations in the course, and level of termination of SPN. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 50 lower limb specimens in the Department of Anatomy, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute Bengaluru from January 2013 to January 2016. Dissection kit was used for dissection, digital camera was used for photography of specimens, measuring tape was used to measure the distance at which the SPN became cutaneous with respect to the tip of lateral malleolus and the distance at which SPN terminated into medial and Intermediate Dorsal Cutaneous Nerve (IDCN) with reference to the tip of lateral malleolus. Descriptive statistics was used and results were expressed as Mean±SD. Results: It was observed that the distance at which SPN became cutaneous with respect to tip of lateral malleolus was 10±2.82 cm. The level of termination of SPN into Medial Dorsal Cutaneous Nerve (MDCN) and IDCN with reference to tip of lateral malleolus was 4.7±2.08 cm. In 5 (10%) of 50 specimens the SPN terminated at a higher level before piercing the deep fascia. Out of these 5 specimens, it was observed that in one specimen the SPN terminated above the head of fibula before piercing Peroneus Longus (PL) muscle. In another specimen, the SPN terminated near the head of fibula before piercing PL muscle. In one of the specimens SPN terminated near head of fibula after piercing PL, in two specimens SPN terminated in upper third of the leg after piercing PL muscle and their terminal branches pierced the deep fascia and emerged out at different level with respect to tip of lateral malleolus. Conclusion: SPN became cutaneous and terminated in the distal third of the leg in most cases. This knowledge is very helpful to surgeons and orthopaedists in performing fasciotomy, and ankle arthroscopy to prevent iatrogenic injury to the nerve.
{"title":"Anatomical Variations in the Course and Level of Termination of Superficial Peroneal Nerve- A Cadaveric Study","authors":"B. Shwetha, M. Pushpa","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/59345.2879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/59345.2879","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Several variations in the course and branching pattern of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve (SPN) have been reported. Knowledge of the different course of SPN is essential in reducing the risk of iatrogenic injury during the orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery and various other procedures. Aim: To observe any variations in the course, and level of termination of SPN. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 50 lower limb specimens in the Department of Anatomy, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute Bengaluru from January 2013 to January 2016. Dissection kit was used for dissection, digital camera was used for photography of specimens, measuring tape was used to measure the distance at which the SPN became cutaneous with respect to the tip of lateral malleolus and the distance at which SPN terminated into medial and Intermediate Dorsal Cutaneous Nerve (IDCN) with reference to the tip of lateral malleolus. Descriptive statistics was used and results were expressed as Mean±SD. Results: It was observed that the distance at which SPN became cutaneous with respect to tip of lateral malleolus was 10±2.82 cm. The level of termination of SPN into Medial Dorsal Cutaneous Nerve (MDCN) and IDCN with reference to tip of lateral malleolus was 4.7±2.08 cm. In 5 (10%) of 50 specimens the SPN terminated at a higher level before piercing the deep fascia. Out of these 5 specimens, it was observed that in one specimen the SPN terminated above the head of fibula before piercing Peroneus Longus (PL) muscle. In another specimen, the SPN terminated near the head of fibula before piercing PL muscle. In one of the specimens SPN terminated near head of fibula after piercing PL, in two specimens SPN terminated in upper third of the leg after piercing PL muscle and their terminal branches pierced the deep fascia and emerged out at different level with respect to tip of lateral malleolus. Conclusion: SPN became cutaneous and terminated in the distal third of the leg in most cases. This knowledge is very helpful to surgeons and orthopaedists in performing fasciotomy, and ankle arthroscopy to prevent iatrogenic injury to the nerve.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/62938.2910
Medha Urval, Mallikarjun Desai
Introduction: Peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation is a common surgical emergency and can be life-threatening. Patients who undergo surgery for peritonitis require extensive counselling to fully understand the nature of the disease, the need for surgery, post-operative complications and the duration of hospital stay. Hence, scoring systems are necessary to determine the severity of the disease to provide sufficient prognostic data. Aim: To evaluate the Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) scoring system as a predictor of post-operative complications, mortality and duration of hospital stay in patients with peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation. Materials and Methods: The prospective cohort study was carried out in 50 diagnosed cases of perforation peritonitis admitted at the centre during the study period from November 2017 to October 2018. MPI was calculated for each patient, following which they were stratified into three risk groups- 1, 2 and 3 with scores of ≤20, 21-29 and ≥30, respectively. Post- operative complications, mortality, and duration of hospital stay were analysed. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 24.0. Results: Out of 50 patients included, 36 were male and 14 were female with a mean age of 41.14 years. A total of eight patients suffered mortality. The incidence of mortality in risk Group-1 was 0 out of 29 patients (0%), risk Group-2 was 3 out of 13 patients (23.1%) and risk Group-3 was 5 out of 8 patients (62.5%), respectively and hence MPI was a useful indicator of prediction of mortality in perforation peritonitis patients. The risk factors which had a higher significance in predicting mortality were found to be, organ failure at presentation and the nature of intra-peritoneal exudate with a p-value of 0.029 and <0.001, respectively. In 29 patients, there were no complications and 13 patients had a single complication, 8 patients had multiple complications. The incidence of multiple post-operative complications in a patient in risk Group-1, 2 and 3 were 1 (12.5%), 2 (25%) and 5 (62.5%) patients, respectively. The number of complications in a patient increased as the MPI score increases. Dispersion of duration of hospital stay in discharged patients according to MPI score using Pearsons’s correlation, showed statistical significance with the value of r being 0.6214, the p-value being 0.000011. The duration of hospital stay of patients who were discharged, increased as the MPI score increased. Conclusion: MPI was effective in predicting post-operative complications, mortality and duration of hospital stay in patients with peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation and hence can be used as an effective tool to facilitate counseling and educate the patient and relatives regarding the expected course of the disease in that particular patient.
{"title":"Mannheim Peritonitis Index as a Predictor of Post-operative Complications, Mortality and Duration of Hospital Stay in Patients with Peritonitis due to Hollow Viscus Perforation: A Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Medha Urval, Mallikarjun Desai","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/62938.2910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/62938.2910","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation is a common surgical emergency and can be life-threatening. Patients who undergo surgery for peritonitis require extensive counselling to fully understand the nature of the disease, the need for surgery, post-operative complications and the duration of hospital stay. Hence, scoring systems are necessary to determine the severity of the disease to provide sufficient prognostic data. Aim: To evaluate the Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) scoring system as a predictor of post-operative complications, mortality and duration of hospital stay in patients with peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation. Materials and Methods: The prospective cohort study was carried out in 50 diagnosed cases of perforation peritonitis admitted at the centre during the study period from November 2017 to October 2018. MPI was calculated for each patient, following which they were stratified into three risk groups- 1, 2 and 3 with scores of ≤20, 21-29 and ≥30, respectively. Post- operative complications, mortality, and duration of hospital stay were analysed. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 24.0. Results: Out of 50 patients included, 36 were male and 14 were female with a mean age of 41.14 years. A total of eight patients suffered mortality. The incidence of mortality in risk Group-1 was 0 out of 29 patients (0%), risk Group-2 was 3 out of 13 patients (23.1%) and risk Group-3 was 5 out of 8 patients (62.5%), respectively and hence MPI was a useful indicator of prediction of mortality in perforation peritonitis patients. The risk factors which had a higher significance in predicting mortality were found to be, organ failure at presentation and the nature of intra-peritoneal exudate with a p-value of 0.029 and <0.001, respectively. In 29 patients, there were no complications and 13 patients had a single complication, 8 patients had multiple complications. The incidence of multiple post-operative complications in a patient in risk Group-1, 2 and 3 were 1 (12.5%), 2 (25%) and 5 (62.5%) patients, respectively. The number of complications in a patient increased as the MPI score increases. Dispersion of duration of hospital stay in discharged patients according to MPI score using Pearsons’s correlation, showed statistical significance with the value of r being 0.6214, the p-value being 0.000011. The duration of hospital stay of patients who were discharged, increased as the MPI score increased. Conclusion: MPI was effective in predicting post-operative complications, mortality and duration of hospital stay in patients with peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation and hence can be used as an effective tool to facilitate counseling and educate the patient and relatives regarding the expected course of the disease in that particular patient.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/63246.2905
Umamaheshwari K Basavaraju, V. Gowda, Vishal S Dharpur, Sanjana Satish, Prateek Parmeshwar Ugran
Introduction: Computed Tomography (CT) remains the mainstay in the detection of traumatic brain injuries in children just as in the adult population. However, unnecessary and inadvertent use of CT in minor and less significant head injuries exposes children to harmful ionising radiation and subsequently increases the lifetime cancer risk. So, there is a need to use CT judiciously in cases of minor head injuries. The Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) can provide a comprehensive framework for proper stratification of neural impairment and head injury severity. Aim: To assess the concordance between CT scan findings and GCS scores in paediatric patients with acute Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of paediatric head injury cases who were referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Mysore Medical College, Karnataka, India. from January 2021 to December 2021. The head CT of 110 patients was reviewed. Demographic details, mode of accident, CT findings, and GCS scores were collected from hospital records. Descriptive statistics were used and results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages. Results: Out of 110 patients (mean age: 9.17±3.02 years) reviewed, males were 78 (71%) and females were 32 (29%). Road traffic accident was found to be the most common cause, i.e., in 71 patients (64.5%). The most common CT scan finding was fracture as seen in 12 cases. Out of 110 patients, 94 had mild injury according to GCS scores, 12 had a moderate head injury and four had a severe head injury. As the GCS scores decreased, the percentage of positive findings on CT increased. Conclusion: Percentage of positive CT findings was higher in the moderate and severe head injury category, where the role of CT scans in acute settings becomes valuable.
{"title":"Paediatric Head Injury: Concordance between CT Findings and GCS Scores- A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Umamaheshwari K Basavaraju, V. Gowda, Vishal S Dharpur, Sanjana Satish, Prateek Parmeshwar Ugran","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/63246.2905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/63246.2905","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Computed Tomography (CT) remains the mainstay in the detection of traumatic brain injuries in children just as in the adult population. However, unnecessary and inadvertent use of CT in minor and less significant head injuries exposes children to harmful ionising radiation and subsequently increases the lifetime cancer risk. So, there is a need to use CT judiciously in cases of minor head injuries. The Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) can provide a comprehensive framework for proper stratification of neural impairment and head injury severity. Aim: To assess the concordance between CT scan findings and GCS scores in paediatric patients with acute Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of paediatric head injury cases who were referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Mysore Medical College, Karnataka, India. from January 2021 to December 2021. The head CT of 110 patients was reviewed. Demographic details, mode of accident, CT findings, and GCS scores were collected from hospital records. Descriptive statistics were used and results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages. Results: Out of 110 patients (mean age: 9.17±3.02 years) reviewed, males were 78 (71%) and females were 32 (29%). Road traffic accident was found to be the most common cause, i.e., in 71 patients (64.5%). The most common CT scan finding was fracture as seen in 12 cases. Out of 110 patients, 94 had mild injury according to GCS scores, 12 had a moderate head injury and four had a severe head injury. As the GCS scores decreased, the percentage of positive findings on CT increased. Conclusion: Percentage of positive CT findings was higher in the moderate and severe head injury category, where the role of CT scans in acute settings becomes valuable.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/62894.2929
Sumita Sinha, Satarupa Paul Ghosh, Sunandita Nath
Introduction: The scapula is the shoulder girdle bone. Vascularity of this bone may arise from the subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries (on the lateral border), supra-scapular artery (on the superior border), deep branch of the transverse cervical artery (on the medial border), or a branch from the axillary artery (on the costal surface). Nutrient arteries associated with flat bones like the scapula have not received significant research in the past. Aim: To determine the number and location of nutrient foramina on the human dry scapula. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy of RG KAR Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.. The sample was gathered from August 2022 to January 2023. A total of 122 dry adult scapulae were studied (69 right and 53 left), irrespective of age and sex. The data obtained after thorough inspection was tabulated to obtain the results. The International Business Management(IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) software tool was used for statistical analysis, and inferences were drawn from the results. Results: The average number of nutrient foramina per scapula was five (ranging from 2 to 10). The most common location of the supraspinous fossa was 30.97%. On the costal surface, most of the nutrient foramina were found directly inferior to the suprascapular notch (30%), and on the dorsal surface, nutrient foramina were identified under the spine of the scapula (23.75%). Nutrient foramina were least present in the peri- glenoid area (15.28%). The Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) test showed homologous subsets between and within the different types of fossae. Conclusion: To maintain the health of the scapula, the nutrient artery must be preserved. Most scapulae had more than one nutrient foramina, located in specific areas on both the dorsal and costal surfaces of the shoulder blade. As a result, orthopaedic surgeons performing scapular surgery place great significance on their topographic understanding of the nutrient foramina. A knowledge of these variations aids surgeons in minimising blood loss during surgical implications around the pectoral girdle or scapular area in living patients.
{"title":"Topographical Variations of Nutrient Foramina in the Dry Adult Scapula: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Sumita Sinha, Satarupa Paul Ghosh, Sunandita Nath","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/62894.2929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/62894.2929","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The scapula is the shoulder girdle bone. Vascularity of this bone may arise from the subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries (on the lateral border), supra-scapular artery (on the superior border), deep branch of the transverse cervical artery (on the medial border), or a branch from the axillary artery (on the costal surface). Nutrient arteries associated with flat bones like the scapula have not received significant research in the past. Aim: To determine the number and location of nutrient foramina on the human dry scapula. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy of RG KAR Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.. The sample was gathered from August 2022 to January 2023. A total of 122 dry adult scapulae were studied (69 right and 53 left), irrespective of age and sex. The data obtained after thorough inspection was tabulated to obtain the results. The International Business Management(IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) software tool was used for statistical analysis, and inferences were drawn from the results. Results: The average number of nutrient foramina per scapula was five (ranging from 2 to 10). The most common location of the supraspinous fossa was 30.97%. On the costal surface, most of the nutrient foramina were found directly inferior to the suprascapular notch (30%), and on the dorsal surface, nutrient foramina were identified under the spine of the scapula (23.75%). Nutrient foramina were least present in the peri- glenoid area (15.28%). The Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) test showed homologous subsets between and within the different types of fossae. Conclusion: To maintain the health of the scapula, the nutrient artery must be preserved. Most scapulae had more than one nutrient foramina, located in specific areas on both the dorsal and costal surfaces of the shoulder blade. As a result, orthopaedic surgeons performing scapular surgery place great significance on their topographic understanding of the nutrient foramina. A knowledge of these variations aids surgeons in minimising blood loss during surgical implications around the pectoral girdle or scapular area in living patients.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"293 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The knowledge of the location of the Mandibular Foramen (MF) is important for effective local anaesthesia in dental surgeries and mandibular implants. The location of the foramen can vary in different populations, but very few studies have explored the differences between males and females. Aim: To estimate the morphometric parameters of the MF in male and female dry adult mandibles. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional cadaveric study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy at Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun (Uttarakhand) India, from October 2019 to December 2022. The location of MF in 75 dry adult male mandibles and 50 dry adult female mandibles was measured. All the anatomical parameters (MF to Anterior Border of mandibular ramus (MF-AB), MF to Posterior Border of mandibular ramus (MF-PB), MF to Mandibular Notch (MF-MN), MF to Angle of Mandible (MF-AG), MF to Inferior Border of mandibular ramus (MF-IB), MF to Mandibular Condyle (MF-MC), MF to apex of Retromolar Trigone (MF-RT), and AB of mandibular ramus to PB of mandibular ramus (AB-PB)) were measured using a sliding digital vernier caliper in both genders, based on the right and left mandibular foramina from different bony landmarks. Continuous data obtained was expressed as mean±Standard Deviation (SD). Analysis was done by applying an independent t-test via Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: MF-IB was 26.09 mm±3.52 mm (RT) and 25.31 mm±3.24 mm (LT) in males, while it was 24.29 mm±3.27 mm (RT) and 24.12 mm±3.21 mm (LT) in females. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), implying that the distance is larger in males as compared to females. MF-MC was 35.59 mm±4.44 mm (RT) and 34.89 mm±4.91 mm (LT) in males and 32.39 mm±4.11 mm (RT) and 32.52 mm±4 mm (LT) in females. The difference between the two was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). MF-RT in males was 11.41 mm±2.19 mm (RT) and 11.87 mm±2.57 mm (LT), while in females, it was 11.40 mm±2.05 mm (RT) and 11.30 mm±2.09 mm (LT). The difference between these two was statistically significant (p<0.001) on the left-side. AB-PB was longer on the right-side in males (32.31 mm±3.05 mm) than in females (21.66 mm±3.0 mm), and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Therefore, the results imply that the MF is located lower and slightly more anteriorly in males as compared to females. Conclusion: The results indicate significant differences in the location of the male and female MF. The present study provides useful information for successful inferior alveolar nerve blocks during dental surgeries and maxillofacial surgeries.
前言:下颌孔(MF)的位置的知识是重要的，有效的局部麻醉在牙科手术和下颌种植。孔的位置在不同的人群中可能有所不同，但很少有研究探讨男性和女性之间的差异。目的:探讨干性成年男女下颌骨MF的形态学参数。材料和方法:2019年10月至2022年12月，在印度德拉敦(北阿坎德邦)Shri Guru Ram Rai医学与健康科学研究所解剖学系进行了横断面尸体研究。测定了75例干性成年男性下颌骨和50例干性成年女性下颌骨的MF位置。采用滑动式数字游标卡尺测量两种性别患者的所有解剖学参数(下颌支前缘(MF-AB)、下颌支后缘(MF-PB)、下颌切迹(MF- mn)、下颌角(MF- ag)、下颌支下缘(MF- ib)、下颌髁(MF- mc)、后磨牙三角区(MF- rt)、下颌支AB至下颌支PB (AB-PB))。根据左右下颌孔不同的骨标记。连续数据以均数±标准差(SD)表示。采用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS) 23.0版进行独立t检验。结果:MF-IB男性为26.09 mm±3.52 mm (RT)和25.31 mm±3.24 mm (LT)，女性为24.29 mm±3.27 mm (RT)和24.12 mm±3.21 mm (LT)。发现差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05)，这意味着男性的距离比女性大。男性MF-MC分别为35.59 mm±4.44 mm (RT)和34.89 mm±4.91 mm (LT)，女性MF-MC分别为32.39 mm±4.11 mm (RT)和32.52 mm±4 mm (LT)。两者的差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。男性的MF-RT分别为11.41 mm±2.19 mm (RT)和11.87 mm±2.57 mm (LT)，女性为11.40 mm±2.05 mm (RT)和11.30 mm±2.09 mm (LT)。在左侧，两者之间的差异具有统计学意义(p<0.001)。男性右侧AB-PB (32.31 mm±3.05 mm)较女性右侧AB-PB (21.66 mm±3.0 mm)长，差异有统计学意义(p<0.001)。因此，结果表明，与女性相比，男性的MF位置更低，稍微更靠前。结论:研究结果表明，男性和女性MF的位置存在显著差异。本研究为下牙槽神经阻滞在口腔外科和颌面外科手术中的成功应用提供了有用的信息。
{"title":"Gender-based Morphometric Analysis of Mandibular Foramen in Dry Adult Human Mandibles in the Tertiary Care Centre, Dehradun: A Cross-sectional Cadaveric Study","authors":"Shivani Chaudhary, Sadakat Ali, Shashi Munjal, Sanghpriya Chaudhary","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/66534.2934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/66534.2934","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The knowledge of the location of the Mandibular Foramen (MF) is important for effective local anaesthesia in dental surgeries and mandibular implants. The location of the foramen can vary in different populations, but very few studies have explored the differences between males and females. Aim: To estimate the morphometric parameters of the MF in male and female dry adult mandibles. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional cadaveric study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy at Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun (Uttarakhand) India, from October 2019 to December 2022. The location of MF in 75 dry adult male mandibles and 50 dry adult female mandibles was measured. All the anatomical parameters (MF to Anterior Border of mandibular ramus (MF-AB), MF to Posterior Border of mandibular ramus (MF-PB), MF to Mandibular Notch (MF-MN), MF to Angle of Mandible (MF-AG), MF to Inferior Border of mandibular ramus (MF-IB), MF to Mandibular Condyle (MF-MC), MF to apex of Retromolar Trigone (MF-RT), and AB of mandibular ramus to PB of mandibular ramus (AB-PB)) were measured using a sliding digital vernier caliper in both genders, based on the right and left mandibular foramina from different bony landmarks. Continuous data obtained was expressed as mean±Standard Deviation (SD). Analysis was done by applying an independent t-test via Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: MF-IB was 26.09 mm±3.52 mm (RT) and 25.31 mm±3.24 mm (LT) in males, while it was 24.29 mm±3.27 mm (RT) and 24.12 mm±3.21 mm (LT) in females. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), implying that the distance is larger in males as compared to females. MF-MC was 35.59 mm±4.44 mm (RT) and 34.89 mm±4.91 mm (LT) in males and 32.39 mm±4.11 mm (RT) and 32.52 mm±4 mm (LT) in females. The difference between the two was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). MF-RT in males was 11.41 mm±2.19 mm (RT) and 11.87 mm±2.57 mm (LT), while in females, it was 11.40 mm±2.05 mm (RT) and 11.30 mm±2.09 mm (LT). The difference between these two was statistically significant (p<0.001) on the left-side. AB-PB was longer on the right-side in males (32.31 mm±3.05 mm) than in females (21.66 mm±3.0 mm), and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Therefore, the results imply that the MF is located lower and slightly more anteriorly in males as compared to females. Conclusion: The results indicate significant differences in the location of the male and female MF. The present study provides useful information for successful inferior alveolar nerve blocks during dental surgeries and maxillofacial surgeries.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/58064.2883
Shiwani Chowalta, N. Aggarwal, Sumala Kapila, Balvir Singh Verma, Sanjay Mahajan, Vikas Sharma, S. Makhaik
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disability disease with predominant involvement of hands and feet. It is highly important to detect early findings of the disease so that treatment can be started as early as possible. The high cost, poor accessibility and long waiting time for Magnetic Resonanace Imaging (MRI) as compared to Ultrasound (USG) results in delayed pick up of early RA findings. Aim: To compare the radiological parameters of wrist and hand by USG and MRI in clinically diagnosed patients of early RA. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2020 in the Department of Radiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla. A total of 25 diagnosed patients of early RA were enrolled in the study. USG and MRI were used to evaluate distal Distal Radioulnar (RU), Radiocarpal (RC), Ulnocarpal (UC), Metacarpo phalangeal (MCP) and other hand joints with clinical symptoms. The following parameters were assessed on both MRI and USG: Joint space, Joint effusion, Synovitis, Tenosynovitis, Bone erosions. Bone marrow oedema was assessed only on MRI. The categorical variables of the two groups were compared using the chi-square test. Results: The mean age of the study group was 44.96±11.58 years. There were 18 female and 7 male patients with preponderance of female patients. MRI was better than USG in picking up findings of joint space narrowing, synovial thickening, synovial vascularity and bone erosions with p-value of <0.001, which was statistically significant. For Tenosynovitis, USG and MRI were equally good with p-value of <0.001 which was statistically significant. Joint effusion was diagnosed in more number of joints 26 (6.5%) on USG as compared to 15 (3.5%) on MRI, however, the p-value was 0.078 suggesting that it was statistically insignificant. Bone marrow oedema was detected only on MRI. Conclusion: USG can be used to detect changes of early Rheumatoid Arthritis especially joint effusion and tenosynovitis when MRI is contraindicated/not available/waiting period for MRI is too long.
{"title":"Ultrasound Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis in A Sub-Himalayan Region of North India: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Shiwani Chowalta, N. Aggarwal, Sumala Kapila, Balvir Singh Verma, Sanjay Mahajan, Vikas Sharma, S. Makhaik","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/58064.2883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/58064.2883","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disability disease with predominant involvement of hands and feet. It is highly important to detect early findings of the disease so that treatment can be started as early as possible. The high cost, poor accessibility and long waiting time for Magnetic Resonanace Imaging (MRI) as compared to Ultrasound (USG) results in delayed pick up of early RA findings. Aim: To compare the radiological parameters of wrist and hand by USG and MRI in clinically diagnosed patients of early RA. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2020 in the Department of Radiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla. A total of 25 diagnosed patients of early RA were enrolled in the study. USG and MRI were used to evaluate distal Distal Radioulnar (RU), Radiocarpal (RC), Ulnocarpal (UC), Metacarpo phalangeal (MCP) and other hand joints with clinical symptoms. The following parameters were assessed on both MRI and USG: Joint space, Joint effusion, Synovitis, Tenosynovitis, Bone erosions. Bone marrow oedema was assessed only on MRI. The categorical variables of the two groups were compared using the chi-square test. Results: The mean age of the study group was 44.96±11.58 years. There were 18 female and 7 male patients with preponderance of female patients. MRI was better than USG in picking up findings of joint space narrowing, synovial thickening, synovial vascularity and bone erosions with p-value of <0.001, which was statistically significant. For Tenosynovitis, USG and MRI were equally good with p-value of <0.001 which was statistically significant. Joint effusion was diagnosed in more number of joints 26 (6.5%) on USG as compared to 15 (3.5%) on MRI, however, the p-value was 0.078 suggesting that it was statistically insignificant. Bone marrow oedema was detected only on MRI. Conclusion: USG can be used to detect changes of early Rheumatoid Arthritis especially joint effusion and tenosynovitis when MRI is contraindicated/not available/waiting period for MRI is too long.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of Imaging in Diastematomyelia in a 2-year-old Child","authors":"Chandrakala Singh Rajput, Shubham Lalbabuprasad Gupta, Rekha Rajesh Khayalappa, S. Shetty","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/59203.2881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/59203.2881","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/59349.2900
Anand B Vachhani, Devasish Tarafdar, A. Trivedi, Sovia Gill
Introduction: Intracranial abnormalities include hydrocephalus, intracranial haemorrhage and related hypoxic-ischemic damage, for which diagnosis can be confirmed by the transcranial ultrasound. Apart from this, transcranial ultrasound may also be helpful in screening of suspected intracranial infections and tumour. Various studies have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of transcranial ultrasound in detecting various intracranial abnormalities. Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of intracranial abnormalities in neonates. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, SBKS MIRC Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara from February 2019 to August 2020. Forty neonates with abnormal neurological presentation were included in the study and detailed data regarding prenatal, perinatal and postnatal period was obtained from parents and entered in questionnaire. Length, weight was noted. Further, all the neonates were subjected to relevant blood investigations such as Complete Blood Count (CBC), blood glucose and other investigations depending upon the clinical findings. All the neonates were then subjected to transcranial ultrasonography. Results: In present study, mean gestational age of 40 neonates was 35.38±3.59. Male preponderance was noted in present study with male:female ratio of 2.08:1. Mean birth weight of neonates was 2.11±0.60. Most common mode of delivery was vaginal in 57.5% cases followed by Lower (uterine) Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) in 27.5% cases. Antenatally, steroids are given in only 25% of the cases in present study. Most common clinical manifestation was seizures and lethargy. Transcranial ultrasound revealed germinal matrix hemorrhage in majority of neonates. Conclusion: Transcranial ultrasound is recommended in every high risk neonate as a first line modality to assess the presence of intracranial abnormalities and for timely referral to higher- centres. It is quick, inexpensive, portable, non invasive and free from ionising radiation.
{"title":"Evaluation of Intracranial Abnormalities by Transcranial Ultrasound in Neonates- An Observational Study","authors":"Anand B Vachhani, Devasish Tarafdar, A. Trivedi, Sovia Gill","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/59349.2900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/59349.2900","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Intracranial abnormalities include hydrocephalus, intracranial haemorrhage and related hypoxic-ischemic damage, for which diagnosis can be confirmed by the transcranial ultrasound. Apart from this, transcranial ultrasound may also be helpful in screening of suspected intracranial infections and tumour. Various studies have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of transcranial ultrasound in detecting various intracranial abnormalities. Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of intracranial abnormalities in neonates. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, SBKS MIRC Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara from February 2019 to August 2020. Forty neonates with abnormal neurological presentation were included in the study and detailed data regarding prenatal, perinatal and postnatal period was obtained from parents and entered in questionnaire. Length, weight was noted. Further, all the neonates were subjected to relevant blood investigations such as Complete Blood Count (CBC), blood glucose and other investigations depending upon the clinical findings. All the neonates were then subjected to transcranial ultrasonography. Results: In present study, mean gestational age of 40 neonates was 35.38±3.59. Male preponderance was noted in present study with male:female ratio of 2.08:1. Mean birth weight of neonates was 2.11±0.60. Most common mode of delivery was vaginal in 57.5% cases followed by Lower (uterine) Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) in 27.5% cases. Antenatally, steroids are given in only 25% of the cases in present study. Most common clinical manifestation was seizures and lethargy. Transcranial ultrasound revealed germinal matrix hemorrhage in majority of neonates. Conclusion: Transcranial ultrasound is recommended in every high risk neonate as a first line modality to assess the presence of intracranial abnormalities and for timely referral to higher- centres. It is quick, inexpensive, portable, non invasive and free from ionising radiation.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/59424.2862
A. Sidhu, V. Malik, N. Ghalawat, V. Garsa
Introduction: Knowledge of morphometric dimensions of cervical vertebrae is of immense help in choosing and designing implants for the cervical spine. Previous studies on this subject have emphasized that these dimensions have significant variations among different populations. Aim: To determine and analyse morphometric parameters of the body of typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6) in the Northwest Indian population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 164 typical cervical vertebrae (C3 to C6) retrieved from the skeleton collection in the Department of Anatomy at Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India from February 2020 to April 2022. Morphometric parameters measured in the study were anteroposterior diameters and transverse diameter of both surfaces of the body, and height of anterior surface of the body using a digital vernier calipers. Descriptive statistical analysis was done with the help of Microsoft Excel version 2021. Results: Of the total 164 sample, on the superior surface of the body anteroposterior diameter increased from C3 vertebrae (Mean±Standard Deviation {SD}= 14.67±1.42 mm) to C6 vertebrae (Mean±SD=15.73 mm). The anteroposterior diameter of the inferior surfaces of the body increased from C3 vertebrae (Mean±SD=15.71 mm) to C6 vertebrae (Mean±SD=16.26 mm). Similarly, the transverse diameter of the superior surface also increased from C3 vertebrae (Mean value of 20.24 mm) to C6 vertebrae (Mean value of 23.82 mm). Furthermore, the transverse diameter of the inferior surface increased from C3 vertebrae (Mean±SD=19.35 mm) to C6 vertebrae (Mean±SD=22.99 mm). However, the height of vertebral bodies was found minimum in C5 vertebrae (Mean±SD=10.69 mm) and maximum in C3 vertebrae (Mean±SD=12.04 mm). Conclusion: The dimensions of morphometric parameters observed in the present study were differing from those reported by studies carried out in south Indian population and in the Western world. However, the study did not find any significant side differences in morphometric parameters of bodies of typical cervical vertebrae. Population-specific normal data are reported in this study for the first time.
{"title":"Anthropometry of Bodies of C3-C6 Cervical Vertebrae in Northwest Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"A. Sidhu, V. Malik, N. Ghalawat, V. Garsa","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/59424.2862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/59424.2862","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Knowledge of morphometric dimensions of cervical vertebrae is of immense help in choosing and designing implants for the cervical spine. Previous studies on this subject have emphasized that these dimensions have significant variations among different populations. Aim: To determine and analyse morphometric parameters of the body of typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6) in the Northwest Indian population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 164 typical cervical vertebrae (C3 to C6) retrieved from the skeleton collection in the Department of Anatomy at Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India from February 2020 to April 2022. Morphometric parameters measured in the study were anteroposterior diameters and transverse diameter of both surfaces of the body, and height of anterior surface of the body using a digital vernier calipers. Descriptive statistical analysis was done with the help of Microsoft Excel version 2021. Results: Of the total 164 sample, on the superior surface of the body anteroposterior diameter increased from C3 vertebrae (Mean±Standard Deviation {SD}= 14.67±1.42 mm) to C6 vertebrae (Mean±SD=15.73 mm). The anteroposterior diameter of the inferior surfaces of the body increased from C3 vertebrae (Mean±SD=15.71 mm) to C6 vertebrae (Mean±SD=16.26 mm). Similarly, the transverse diameter of the superior surface also increased from C3 vertebrae (Mean value of 20.24 mm) to C6 vertebrae (Mean value of 23.82 mm). Furthermore, the transverse diameter of the inferior surface increased from C3 vertebrae (Mean±SD=19.35 mm) to C6 vertebrae (Mean±SD=22.99 mm). However, the height of vertebral bodies was found minimum in C5 vertebrae (Mean±SD=10.69 mm) and maximum in C3 vertebrae (Mean±SD=12.04 mm). Conclusion: The dimensions of morphometric parameters observed in the present study were differing from those reported by studies carried out in south Indian population and in the Western world. However, the study did not find any significant side differences in morphometric parameters of bodies of typical cervical vertebrae. Population-specific normal data are reported in this study for the first time.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/ijars/2023/59750.2874
A. Pavithra, P. Arasu, N. Jayaprakash, S. Kumar
Introduction: Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) imaging is the mainstay of breast MRI techniques in characterising breast masses. Diffusion-weighted Imaging (DWI) is an adjunct MRI technique to differentiate between benign and malignant breast masses. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of breast MRI by combining DCE-MRI and DWI to differentiate benign from malignant breast masses and compare it with histopathology. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Bharat Scans private limited, Chennai, India, from July 2013 to April 2015. A total of 51 patients with suspicious breast masses detected by mammography and/or ultrasonography were evaluated by DCE-MRI and DWI using General Electric (GE) 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The results were compared with histopathology. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Values (NPV) were calculated for DCE-MRI and for the combined method using DCE-MRI with DWI. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0 and Open Epi software. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 51 masses, 26 were benign and 25 were malignant on histopathology. DCE-MRI showed a type I curve in 17 masses, type II curve in 11, and type III curve in 18, with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 73.08% in differentiating benign from malignant masses. In DWI, 26 masses showed diffusion restriction with a mean Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) value of 1.108×10-3 mm2/s and 25 masses showed the absence of diffusion restriction with a mean ADC value of 1.656x10-3 mm2/s. In the combined evaluation (DCE-MRI+DWI), 27 masses were classified as malignant and 24 masses were classified as benign with improved sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 88.46% as compared with DCE-MRI or DWI alone. Conclusion: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging has high sensitivity in differentiating benign from malignant breast masses, but has low specificity. Multiparametric MRI combining DWI with DCE-MRI increases the sensitivity and specificity, hence improving the diagnostic efficacy for breast mass evaluation.
{"title":"Role of DCE and DWI in Differentiating between Benign and Malignant Breast Masses using 3T MRI: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"A. Pavithra, P. Arasu, N. Jayaprakash, S. Kumar","doi":"10.7860/ijars/2023/59750.2874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/ijars/2023/59750.2874","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) imaging is the mainstay of breast MRI techniques in characterising breast masses. Diffusion-weighted Imaging (DWI) is an adjunct MRI technique to differentiate between benign and malignant breast masses. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of breast MRI by combining DCE-MRI and DWI to differentiate benign from malignant breast masses and compare it with histopathology. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Bharat Scans private limited, Chennai, India, from July 2013 to April 2015. A total of 51 patients with suspicious breast masses detected by mammography and/or ultrasonography were evaluated by DCE-MRI and DWI using General Electric (GE) 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The results were compared with histopathology. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Values (NPV) were calculated for DCE-MRI and for the combined method using DCE-MRI with DWI. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0 and Open Epi software. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 51 masses, 26 were benign and 25 were malignant on histopathology. DCE-MRI showed a type I curve in 17 masses, type II curve in 11, and type III curve in 18, with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 73.08% in differentiating benign from malignant masses. In DWI, 26 masses showed diffusion restriction with a mean Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) value of 1.108×10-3 mm2/s and 25 masses showed the absence of diffusion restriction with a mean ADC value of 1.656x10-3 mm2/s. In the combined evaluation (DCE-MRI+DWI), 27 masses were classified as malignant and 24 masses were classified as benign with improved sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 88.46% as compared with DCE-MRI or DWI alone. Conclusion: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging has high sensitivity in differentiating benign from malignant breast masses, but has low specificity. Multiparametric MRI combining DWI with DCE-MRI increases the sensitivity and specificity, hence improving the diagnostic efficacy for breast mass evaluation.","PeriodicalId":56235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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