Pub Date : 2018-01-08DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766E2018002
J. Torres, E. D. Anjos, C. M. Ferreira
Os morcegos da familia Phyllostomidae sao potenciais dispersores de sementes, devido a sua grande mobilidade e habito de forrageio, sendo considerados os maiores responsaveis pela regeneracao de florestas neotropicais. No Mato Grosso do Sul as pesquisas com dieta de morcegos se concentram na regiao do Pantanal, com poucos trabalhos na porcao de Cerrado, e somente um em area urbana. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar em dois remanescentes urbanos de Cerrado em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, a dieta de filostomideos frugivoros por meio da identificacao das sementes defecadas.. As coletas foram realizadas em duas unidades de conservacao, a Estacao Ecologica Dahma e o Parque Estadual do Prosa. Os morcegos foram capturados com auxilio de seis redes-de-neblina, que permaneceram abertas durante seis horas a partir do ocaso. Apos a captura, cada morcego foi mantido em saco de algodao individual por uma hora para obtencao das fezes. Estas foram acondicionadas individualmente em frasco hermetico e imersas em glicerina, sendo posteriormente analisadas em laboratorio e as sementes encontradas foram identificadas. Foram capturados 250 morcegos, distribuidos em dez especies, oito generos e duas familias. Os filostomideos constituiram 93,2% das capturas (n=233). As especies mais frequentemente capturadas foram Carollia perspicillata e Artibeus lituratus , com 69 (27,6%) e 68 (27,2%) capturas. Foram encontradas sementes em 46 amostras fecais de sete especies de morcegos, e Piperaceae foi a familia mais comum, representada em 69,6% das amostras, sendo um recurso-chave consumido por quase todas as especies de filostomideos. A ocorrencia de frugivoros em unidades ambientais auxilia em sua manutencao por meio de auto-renovacao, sendo a frugivoria um processo importante em remanescentes florestais. O consumo exclusivo de especies pioneiras e um indicio do papel de morcegos na manutencao destes remanescentes urbanos de Cerrado.
叶口蝠科蝙蝠由于其巨大的流动性和觅食习性，是潜在的种子传播者，被认为是新热带森林再生的主要责任。在南马托格罗索州，关于蝙蝠饮食的研究集中在潘塔纳尔地区，塞拉多地区的研究很少，只有一项在城市地区。摘要本研究的目的是通过鉴定粪便种子，分析南马托格罗索州坎波格兰德塞拉多的两个城市遗迹中果食叶口动物的饮食。这些样本是在两个保护区进行的，Estacao Ecologica Dahma和Parque Estadual do Prosa。这些蝙蝠是在6个雾网的帮助下捕获的，这些雾网从日落开始开放6个小时。捕获后，每只蝙蝠在单独的棉袋中保存一个小时以获取粪便。这些种子分别装在密封的小瓶中，浸泡在甘油中，随后在实验室进行分析，发现的种子被鉴定。共捕获蝙蝠250只，分布于2科8属10种。叶口类占渔获量的93.2% (n=233)。最常被捕获的物种为Carollia perspicillata和Artibeus lituratus，分别捕获69(27.6%)和68(27.2%)。在7种蝙蝠的46份粪便样本中发现了种子，胡椒科是最常见的科，占样本的69.6%，是几乎所有叶口类动物消耗的关键资源。环境单元中果食动物的出现有助于其自我更新的维持，果食动物是森林遗迹的一个重要过程。先锋物种的独家消费和蝙蝠在维持塞拉多城市遗迹中的作用的迹象。
{"title":"Frugivoria por morcegos filostomídeos (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) em dois remanescentes urbanos de cerrado em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul","authors":"J. Torres, E. D. Anjos, C. M. Ferreira","doi":"10.1590/1678-4766E2018002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766E2018002","url":null,"abstract":"Os morcegos da familia Phyllostomidae sao potenciais dispersores de sementes, devido a sua grande mobilidade e habito de forrageio, sendo considerados os maiores responsaveis pela regeneracao de florestas neotropicais. No Mato Grosso do Sul as pesquisas com dieta de morcegos se concentram na regiao do Pantanal, com poucos trabalhos na porcao de Cerrado, e somente um em area urbana. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar em dois remanescentes urbanos de Cerrado em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, a dieta de filostomideos frugivoros por meio da identificacao das sementes defecadas.. As coletas foram realizadas em duas unidades de conservacao, a Estacao Ecologica Dahma e o Parque Estadual do Prosa. Os morcegos foram capturados com auxilio de seis redes-de-neblina, que permaneceram abertas durante seis horas a partir do ocaso. Apos a captura, cada morcego foi mantido em saco de algodao individual por uma hora para obtencao das fezes. Estas foram acondicionadas individualmente em frasco hermetico e imersas em glicerina, sendo posteriormente analisadas em laboratorio e as sementes encontradas foram identificadas. Foram capturados 250 morcegos, distribuidos em dez especies, oito generos e duas familias. Os filostomideos constituiram 93,2% das capturas (n=233). As especies mais frequentemente capturadas foram Carollia perspicillata e Artibeus lituratus , com 69 (27,6%) e 68 (27,2%) capturas. Foram encontradas sementes em 46 amostras fecais de sete especies de morcegos, e Piperaceae foi a familia mais comum, representada em 69,6% das amostras, sendo um recurso-chave consumido por quase todas as especies de filostomideos. A ocorrencia de frugivoros em unidades ambientais auxilia em sua manutencao por meio de auto-renovacao, sendo a frugivoria um processo importante em remanescentes florestais. O consumo exclusivo de especies pioneiras e um indicio do papel de morcegos na manutencao destes remanescentes urbanos de Cerrado.","PeriodicalId":56300,"journal":{"name":"Iheringia Serie Zoologia","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81787505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-08DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766E2018001
Thiago Brobio Massanti, R. R. Cavichioli, R. Ott
O macho de C. cambara descrito por Levi, 1986 e considerado como pertencente a C. itaimba Levi, 1986. A femea de Chrysometa aramba Levi, 1986 e o novo macho atribuido a C. cambara Levi, 1986 sao descritos pela primeira vez. Registros atualizados de ocorrencia, da colecao de aranhas do MCN, para C. aramba , C. cambara , C. itaimba , C. boraceia Levi, 1986 e C. ludibunda (Keyserling, 1893) sao apresentados.
{"title":"On the genus Chrysometa (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in south Brazil","authors":"Thiago Brobio Massanti, R. R. Cavichioli, R. Ott","doi":"10.1590/1678-4766E2018001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766E2018001","url":null,"abstract":"O macho de C. cambara descrito por Levi, 1986 e considerado como pertencente a C. itaimba Levi, 1986. A femea de Chrysometa aramba Levi, 1986 e o novo macho atribuido a C. cambara Levi, 1986 sao descritos pela primeira vez. Registros atualizados de ocorrencia, da colecao de aranhas do MCN, para C. aramba , C. cambara , C. itaimba , C. boraceia Levi, 1986 e C. ludibunda (Keyserling, 1893) sao apresentados.","PeriodicalId":56300,"journal":{"name":"Iheringia Serie Zoologia","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78262073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-11DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766E2017048
Kcrishna Vilanova de Souza Barros, J. F. Souza-Filho, Ricardo J. C. Paiva, C. Araújo-Silva, A. O. Almeida, Cristina de Almeida Rocha-Barreira
{"title":"Variação sazonal da fauna de crustáceos nos estratos subterrâneo e aéreo em uma pradaria de Halodule wrightii do nordeste do Brasil","authors":"Kcrishna Vilanova de Souza Barros, J. F. Souza-Filho, Ricardo J. C. Paiva, C. Araújo-Silva, A. O. Almeida, Cristina de Almeida Rocha-Barreira","doi":"10.1590/1678-4766E2017048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766E2017048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56300,"journal":{"name":"Iheringia Serie Zoologia","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75868444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-11DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766E2017046
G. Castillo, Héctor J. Villavicencio, J. Acosta, J. Marinero
The feeding habits, sexual dimorphism and reproductive parameters of Liolaemus vallecurensis (Pereyra, 1992) were assessed in an Andean sector of Argentina. We determined the total volume, number, and occurrence frequency of each prey item and calculated the relative importance indexes. Trophic indices (Levins) and diversity indices were applied as well. Also studied were morphological variations in 14 measurements, comparing adult males and females. The lizard L.vallecurensis feeds mostly on items from the order Hymenoptera (not Formicidae), with no differences being found between sexes or ages. Males show a tendency towards an active search strategy and a specialized diet. Females and juveniles hunt by stalking, and have a more opportunistic diet. Males are herbivores, females are omnivores and juveniles between insectivores and omnivores. Dimorphism was found between sexes for 10 morphological variables. Head length and food search mode were found to be associated. A viviparous condition is confirmed by a clutch size of three young, with parturition occurring between late December and early January. These contributions to L. vallecurensis represent the first and only biological data on this species in these harsh environments.
{"title":"Ecología trófica, dimorfismo sexual y parámetros reproductivos en el lagarto endémico Andino Liolaemus vallecurensis, Argentina","authors":"G. Castillo, Héctor J. Villavicencio, J. Acosta, J. Marinero","doi":"10.1590/1678-4766E2017046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766E2017046","url":null,"abstract":"The feeding habits, sexual dimorphism and reproductive parameters of Liolaemus vallecurensis (Pereyra, 1992) were assessed in an Andean sector of Argentina. We determined the total volume, number, and occurrence frequency of each prey item and calculated the relative importance indexes. Trophic indices (Levins) and diversity indices were applied as well. Also studied were morphological variations in 14 measurements, comparing adult males and females. The lizard L.vallecurensis feeds mostly on items from the order Hymenoptera (not Formicidae), with no differences being found between sexes or ages. Males show a tendency towards an active search strategy and a specialized diet. Females and juveniles hunt by stalking, and have a more opportunistic diet. Males are herbivores, females are omnivores and juveniles between insectivores and omnivores. Dimorphism was found between sexes for 10 morphological variables. Head length and food search mode were found to be associated. A viviparous condition is confirmed by a clutch size of three young, with parturition occurring between late December and early January. These contributions to L. vallecurensis represent the first and only biological data on this species in these harsh environments.","PeriodicalId":56300,"journal":{"name":"Iheringia Serie Zoologia","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87390545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-11DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766E2017047
L. D. Biasotto, Andre Barcelos-Silveira, Carlos Eduardo Agne, A. Kindel
Como consequencia da ampliacao do setor energetico, e consequente instalacao de novas linhas de transmissao de energia (LTs), as aves, alem de sofrerem com a perda e fragmentacao de habitat tambem estao expostas ao risco de morte por colisao com essas estruturas. Com o proposito de minimizar as colisoes, sinalizadores de avifauna sao ancorados nos cabos para-raios das LTs. Buscamos testar a eficiencia dos sinalizadores por meio de observacoes da alteracao no comportamento de voo das familias taxonomicas de aves. Consideramos duas variaveis de risco - posicao do voo de transposicao da linha e distância em relacao ao cabos – observadas em vaos sinalizados e nao sinalizados de uma LT localizada no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul – Brasil. Realizamos o teste Qui- Quadrado (α = 0,05) para as duas variaveis de risco e para cada familia em separado. Das familias analisadas (n = 13), somente uma (Hirundinidae) apresentou alteracao do comportamento de voo na presenca dos sinalizadores. Apesar da sinalizacao dos cabos ser indicada como a medida mais apropriada para a mitigacao dessas fatalidades, nossos resultados nao revelaram isso quando avaliados em nivel de familia. No entanto, antes de abandonar essa estrategia de mitigacao, sugerimos que os orgaos envolvidos no processo de licenciamento de linhas de transmissao estabeleca metodologias padronizadas e suficientemente robustas no monitoramento de avifauna para ajudar a determinar a efetividade ou nao dos sinalizadores de avifauna.
{"title":"Comportamento de voo de aves em resposta ao uso de sinalizadores em linhas de transmissão de energia elétrica","authors":"L. D. Biasotto, Andre Barcelos-Silveira, Carlos Eduardo Agne, A. Kindel","doi":"10.1590/1678-4766E2017047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766E2017047","url":null,"abstract":"Como consequencia da ampliacao do setor energetico, e consequente instalacao de novas linhas de transmissao de energia (LTs), as aves, alem de sofrerem com a perda e fragmentacao de habitat tambem estao expostas ao risco de morte por colisao com essas estruturas. Com o proposito de minimizar as colisoes, sinalizadores de avifauna sao ancorados nos cabos para-raios das LTs. Buscamos testar a eficiencia dos sinalizadores por meio de observacoes da alteracao no comportamento de voo das familias taxonomicas de aves. Consideramos duas variaveis de risco - posicao do voo de transposicao da linha e distância em relacao ao cabos – observadas em vaos sinalizados e nao sinalizados de uma LT localizada no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul – Brasil. Realizamos o teste Qui- Quadrado (α = 0,05) para as duas variaveis de risco e para cada familia em separado. Das familias analisadas (n = 13), somente uma (Hirundinidae) apresentou alteracao do comportamento de voo na presenca dos sinalizadores. Apesar da sinalizacao dos cabos ser indicada como a medida mais apropriada para a mitigacao dessas fatalidades, nossos resultados nao revelaram isso quando avaliados em nivel de familia. No entanto, antes de abandonar essa estrategia de mitigacao, sugerimos que os orgaos envolvidos no processo de licenciamento de linhas de transmissao estabeleca metodologias padronizadas e suficientemente robustas no monitoramento de avifauna para ajudar a determinar a efetividade ou nao dos sinalizadores de avifauna.","PeriodicalId":56300,"journal":{"name":"Iheringia Serie Zoologia","volume":"106 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89512782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-11DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766E2017045
L. Vieira, F. Silva, J. Louzada
The Caatinga is an endemic and threatened dry-forest Biome distributed across northern Brazil. We evaluated the conservation value of a Caatinga Natural Reserve (NR) - Floresta Nacional (FLONA) Contendas do Sincora - using Scarabaeinae dung beetles as a biodiversity indicator. Specifically, we contrasted two zones impacted by distinct intensity of selective logging that happened inside the NR till 1997. Dung beetles were collected 14 years after logging, using baited pitfall traps within three main habitats (riparian forest, regenerating Caatinga or arboreal Caatinga) found in two zones (Preservation and Management Zones). A total of 1214 individuals from 21 species were sampled. The two zones presented distinct species composition, although the habitats did not exhibit such differences. Our results indicated that the secondary areas are in a conservation status similar to arboreal Caatinga and riparian forest, 14 yo after logging. Furthermore, we identified seven habitat-indicator species, two of them typical to Caatinga Biome, highlighting the importance of updates in NR management plan considering the Scarabaeinae regional diversity management.
卡廷加是一种地方性的、受到威胁的干旱森林生物群系，分布在巴西北部。以金龟子科(Scarabaeinae)屎壳郎为生物多样性指标，对Caatinga自然保护区Floresta Nacional Contendas do Sincora进行了评价。具体来说，我们对比了两个区域在1997年之前在自然保护区内发生的不同强度的选择性采伐。在两个区域(保护区和管理区)的三个主要栖息地(河岸森林、再生Caatinga或乔木Caatinga)内使用诱饵陷阱收集了14年后的蜣螂。共采集21种1214个个体。两区物种组成差异明显，但生境差异不明显。结果表明，采伐后14年次生区处于类似于乔木林和河岸林的保护状态。此外，我们还发现了7种栖息地指示物种，其中2种是Caatinga生物群系的典型物种，强调了考虑到金龟科区域多样性管理，更新NR管理计划的重要性。
{"title":"Dung beetles in a Caatinga Natural Reserve: a threatened Brazilian dry-forest with high biological value","authors":"L. Vieira, F. Silva, J. Louzada","doi":"10.1590/1678-4766E2017045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766E2017045","url":null,"abstract":"The Caatinga is an endemic and threatened dry-forest Biome distributed across northern Brazil. We evaluated the conservation value of a Caatinga Natural Reserve (NR) - Floresta Nacional (FLONA) Contendas do Sincora - using Scarabaeinae dung beetles as a biodiversity indicator. Specifically, we contrasted two zones impacted by distinct intensity of selective logging that happened inside the NR till 1997. Dung beetles were collected 14 years after logging, using baited pitfall traps within three main habitats (riparian forest, regenerating Caatinga or arboreal Caatinga) found in two zones (Preservation and Management Zones). A total of 1214 individuals from 21 species were sampled. The two zones presented distinct species composition, although the habitats did not exhibit such differences. Our results indicated that the secondary areas are in a conservation status similar to arboreal Caatinga and riparian forest, 14 yo after logging. Furthermore, we identified seven habitat-indicator species, two of them typical to Caatinga Biome, highlighting the importance of updates in NR management plan considering the Scarabaeinae regional diversity management.","PeriodicalId":56300,"journal":{"name":"Iheringia Serie Zoologia","volume":"6 4","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1678-4766E2017045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72462500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-27DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766E2017042
B. A. R. Bergamini, L. Bergamini, B. B. Santos, W. S. Araújo
We investigated the insect gall distribution along savanna (xeric) and forest (mesic) vegetation in the Floresta Nacional de Silvânia, Goias, Brazil. We tested if the insect gall diversity is higher in the xeric vegetation than in the mesic vegetation, as predicted by the hygrothermal stress hypothesis. The insect gall fauna was surveyed between December 2009 and June 2010 in two transects established each vegetation type. In total we found 186 insect gall morphotypes, distributed on 35 botanical families and 61 plant species. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) induced the most insect galls (34.1%), and the plant family Fabaceae had the greatest richness of insect gall morphotypes (18). We recorded 99 insect gall morphotypes in the forest and 87 morphotypes in the savanna vegetation, being that none insect gall morphotype occurred in both habitats. We found that the insect gall richness and abundance did not differ between forest and savanna transects. On the other hand, the estimated insect gall richness was higher in the forest than in the savanna. Our findings contrary the hygrothermal stress hypothesis possibly because forest habitats have higher plant architecture complexity and occurrence of super-host taxa than the savanna habitats.
研究了巴西戈亚斯国家森林(Floresta Nacional de silvnia)沿稀树草原(干旱区)和森林(mesic)植被的昆虫瘿分布。我们检验了干旱性植被中昆虫瘿的多样性是否如湿热胁迫假说所预测的那样高。2009年12月至2010年6月，对不同植被类型的2个样带进行了虫瘿区系调查。共发现虫瘿形态186种，分布于35科61种植物。双翅目cecidomiidae诱导的虫瘿最多(34.1%)，豆科植物的虫瘿形态类型最丰富(18)。结果表明，在森林和稀树草原植被中均未出现虫瘿形态，分别记录到99种和87种。结果表明，森林样带和热带稀树草原样带的虫瘿丰富度和丰度没有显著差异。另一方面，估算的虫瘿丰富度在森林中高于稀树草原。我们的研究结果与湿热胁迫假说相反，这可能是因为森林生境比热带稀树草原生境具有更高的植物结构复杂性和超级寄主类群的发生。
{"title":"Distribution of insect galls in xeric and mesic habitats of Floresta Nacional de Silvânia, Brazil","authors":"B. A. R. Bergamini, L. Bergamini, B. B. Santos, W. S. Araújo","doi":"10.1590/1678-4766E2017042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766E2017042","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the insect gall distribution along savanna (xeric) and forest (mesic) vegetation in the Floresta Nacional de Silvânia, Goias, Brazil. We tested if the insect gall diversity is higher in the xeric vegetation than in the mesic vegetation, as predicted by the hygrothermal stress hypothesis. The insect gall fauna was surveyed between December 2009 and June 2010 in two transects established each vegetation type. In total we found 186 insect gall morphotypes, distributed on 35 botanical families and 61 plant species. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) induced the most insect galls (34.1%), and the plant family Fabaceae had the greatest richness of insect gall morphotypes (18). We recorded 99 insect gall morphotypes in the forest and 87 morphotypes in the savanna vegetation, being that none insect gall morphotype occurred in both habitats. We found that the insect gall richness and abundance did not differ between forest and savanna transects. On the other hand, the estimated insect gall richness was higher in the forest than in the savanna. Our findings contrary the hygrothermal stress hypothesis possibly because forest habitats have higher plant architecture complexity and occurrence of super-host taxa than the savanna habitats.","PeriodicalId":56300,"journal":{"name":"Iheringia Serie Zoologia","volume":"60 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78405682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-27DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766E2017044
G. D. P. Dornelles, G. Graciolli, Anderson Odon, M. Bordignon
We described infracommunities, prevalence and mean intensity of infestation of ecotoparasite flies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) on bats in an ecotone area of Cerrado as predominant vegetation, with influence of Atlantic Forest, in the southeast of Mato Grosso do Sul. In 36 sampling nights between April 2015 and August 2016 (23,328 m².h), we captured 17 bat species, of which 10 were infested, and 14 species of fly. The most abundant bats were the phyllostomids Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823), Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1776) and Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) and the most abundant flies were the streblids Trichobius longipes (Rudow, 1871), T. joblingi Wenzel, 1966 and Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899). Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767) was the bat species that presented the highest infestation rate. Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) and Desmodus rotundus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) were not infested. Besides that, the frequency of bats that were infested by a single species of fly was higher than the frequency of bats infested for two or more, and it may be a pattern. Keywords. Parasitology, Hippoboscoidea, Midwest.
{"title":"Infracommunities of Streblidae and Nycteribiidae (Diptera) on bats in an ecotone area between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul","authors":"G. D. P. Dornelles, G. Graciolli, Anderson Odon, M. Bordignon","doi":"10.1590/1678-4766E2017044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766E2017044","url":null,"abstract":"We described infracommunities, prevalence and mean intensity of infestation of ecotoparasite flies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) on bats in an ecotone area of Cerrado as predominant vegetation, with influence of Atlantic Forest, in the southeast of Mato Grosso do Sul. In 36 sampling nights between April 2015 and August 2016 (23,328 m².h), we captured 17 bat species, of which 10 were infested, and 14 species of fly. The most abundant bats were the phyllostomids Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823), Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1776) and Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) and the most abundant flies were the streblids Trichobius longipes (Rudow, 1871), T. joblingi Wenzel, 1966 and Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899). Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767) was the bat species that presented the highest infestation rate. Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) and Desmodus rotundus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) were not infested. Besides that, the frequency of bats that were infested by a single species of fly was higher than the frequency of bats infested for two or more, and it may be a pattern. Keywords. Parasitology, Hippoboscoidea, Midwest.","PeriodicalId":56300,"journal":{"name":"Iheringia Serie Zoologia","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90375294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-27DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766E2017040
J. M. Sousa, Jean Carlos de Oliveira, Jônnata Fernandes de Oliveira, Luzia Geize Fernandes Rebouças, José Luís Corrêa Novaes, R. Costa, Danielle Peretti
Temporal and spatial variation in diet Trachelyopterus galeatus (Siluriformes, Auchenipteridae) in two reservoirs in the semi-arid Neotropical. Fish feeding provides data for discussion of theoretical aspects serving purposes as the basic knowledge of the biology of a species by understanding the trophic organization in each environment. The objective was to analyze the food composition and morphology associated with the eating habits of Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766) and evaluates the dietary changes over time. The collections of individuals took place on a quarterly basis, during the months of February, May, August and November 2013, through gillnets with different meshes distributed in eight points in the Santa Cruz reservoir and five points in the Umari reservoir, both located in the Rio Grande do Norte. From the items identified in diets were obtained the frequencies of occurrence and volumetric, combined in the calculation of Alimentary Index (IAi). The volumes of the items were ordered in NMDS and their differences tested by PERMANOVA. The contribution of each food item and differences between reservoirs was assessed by SIMPER analysis. The analysis of stomach contents allowed the classification of the species as carnivorous, noting there are significant temporal changes in the species diet, with the morphological characteristics according to the consumption of food items.
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Pub Date : 2017-11-27DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766E2017041
P. H. F. Peres, Maxihilian S. Polverini, M. L. D. Oliveira, J. M. Duarte
Demographic information is the basis for evaluating and planning conservation strategies for an endangered species. However, in numerous situations there are methodological or financial limitations to obtain such information for some species. The marsh deer, an endangered Neotropical cervid, is a challenging species to obtain biological information. To help achieve such aims, the study evaluated the applicability of camera traps to obtain demographic information on the marsh deer compared to the traditional aerial census method. Fourteen camera traps were installed for 3 months on the Capao da Cruz floodplain, in Sao Paulo State, and 10 helicopter flyovers were made along a 13-kilometer trajectory to detect resident marsh deer. In addition to counting deer, the study aimed to identify the sex, age group and individual identification of the antlered males recorded. Population estimates were performed using the capture-mark-recapture method with the camera trap data and by the distance method for aerial observation data. The costs and field efforts expended for both methodologies were calculated and compared. Twenty independent photographic records and 42 sightings were obtained and generated estimates of 0.98 and 1.06 ind/km², respectively. In contrast to the aerial census, camera traps allowed us to individually identify antlered males, determine the sex ratio and detect fawns in the population. The cost of camera traps was 78% lower but required 20 times more field effort. Our analysis indicates that camera traps present a superior cost-benefit ratio compared to aerial surveys, since they are more informative, cheaper and offer simpler logistics. Their application extends the possibilities of studying a greater number of populations in a long-term monitoring.
人口统计信息是评估和规划濒危物种保护战略的基础。然而，在许多情况下，获得某些物种的这类资料存在方法上或财政上的限制。沼泽鹿是一种濒危的新热带鹿科动物，是一种具有挑战性的生物信息获取物种。为了帮助实现这一目标，该研究评估了相机陷阱与传统的空中普查方法相比在获取沼泽鹿人口统计信息方面的适用性。在圣保罗州的Capao da Cruz洪漫平原上安装了14个相机陷阱，历时3个月，并沿着13公里的轨迹进行了10次直升机飞行，以探测沼泽鹿。除了计算鹿的数量，这项研究还旨在确定被记录的有角雄性鹿的性别、年龄和个体身份。对相机陷阱数据采用捕获-标记-再捕获法，对空中观测数据采用距离法进行种群估计。计算和比较了两种方法的费用和实地工作。获得了20个独立的摄影记录和42个目击记录，分别产生了0.98和1.06 ind/km²的估计值。与空中普查相比，相机陷阱使我们能够单独识别有鹿角的雄性，确定性别比例并发现种群中的小鹿。相机陷阱的成本降低了78%，但需要20倍的现场工作。我们的分析表明，与航空调查相比，相机陷阱具有更高的成本效益比，因为它们提供的信息更多，成本更低，物流也更简单。它们的应用扩大了在长期监测中研究更多种群的可能性。
{"title":"Accessing camera trap survey feasibility for estimating Blastocerus dichotomus (Cetartiodactyla, Cervidae) demographic parameters","authors":"P. H. F. Peres, Maxihilian S. Polverini, M. L. D. Oliveira, J. M. Duarte","doi":"10.1590/1678-4766E2017041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766E2017041","url":null,"abstract":"Demographic information is the basis for evaluating and planning conservation strategies for an endangered species. However, in numerous situations there are methodological or financial limitations to obtain such information for some species. The marsh deer, an endangered Neotropical cervid, is a challenging species to obtain biological information. To help achieve such aims, the study evaluated the applicability of camera traps to obtain demographic information on the marsh deer compared to the traditional aerial census method. Fourteen camera traps were installed for 3 months on the Capao da Cruz floodplain, in Sao Paulo State, and 10 helicopter flyovers were made along a 13-kilometer trajectory to detect resident marsh deer. In addition to counting deer, the study aimed to identify the sex, age group and individual identification of the antlered males recorded. Population estimates were performed using the capture-mark-recapture method with the camera trap data and by the distance method for aerial observation data. The costs and field efforts expended for both methodologies were calculated and compared. Twenty independent photographic records and 42 sightings were obtained and generated estimates of 0.98 and 1.06 ind/km², respectively. In contrast to the aerial census, camera traps allowed us to individually identify antlered males, determine the sex ratio and detect fawns in the population. The cost of camera traps was 78% lower but required 20 times more field effort. Our analysis indicates that camera traps present a superior cost-benefit ratio compared to aerial surveys, since they are more informative, cheaper and offer simpler logistics. Their application extends the possibilities of studying a greater number of populations in a long-term monitoring.","PeriodicalId":56300,"journal":{"name":"Iheringia Serie Zoologia","volume":"37 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82474513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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