Hoffman’s exercise is a widely promoted nonsurgical technique to assist breastfeeding among postpartum mothers with inverted or flat nipples. Prior reviews have suggested benefit but did not account for differences in effect by comparator, nor did they distinguish between-group from within-group change. This limits clinical guidance and planning for rigorous trials.
Aim
To present an analytic discussion that is comparator-aware, separates effect types, and foregrounds uncertainty; clarifying what the literature can credibly support and highlighting gaps in study design and reporting standards.
Discussion
Across a small and heterogeneous evidence base (n = 10 studies), the quality of primary studies was critically low. This limited the appropriateness of definitive synthesis using meta-analytic methods. Nonetheless, acknowledging the risk of estimate inflation, we still conducted an exploratory, hypothesis-generating analysis. Stratification by comparator suggested a possible benefit versus routine care, but no clear advantage against the inverted syringe technique. Within-group pre–post improvements were common yet remained noncausal and vulnerable to confounding. Coupled with our wide prediction intervals and high risk of bias, these findings suggest that confident claims of effectiveness maybe premature in this population.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Current evidence neither supports strong effectiveness claims for Hoffman’s exercise nor warrants abandoning the technique outright. Clinically, we suggest offering the exercise as part of a broader lactation-support bundle rather than presenting it as a stand-alone, proven or validated intervention. More robust data are needed to determine the clinical effectiveness of the technique.
{"title":"Hoffman’s Exercise for Breastfeeding Support Among Postnatal Mothers With Nipple Defects: A Scoping Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis","authors":"Hester Lacey, Nityanand Jain, Ian C. C. King","doi":"10.1155/tbj/2162565","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/2162565","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hoffman’s exercise is a widely promoted nonsurgical technique to assist breastfeeding among postpartum mothers with inverted or flat nipples. Prior reviews have suggested benefit but did not account for differences in effect by comparator, nor did they distinguish between-group from within-group change. This limits clinical guidance and planning for rigorous trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To present an analytic discussion that is comparator-aware, separates effect types, and foregrounds uncertainty; clarifying what the literature can credibly support and highlighting gaps in study design and reporting standards.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across a small and heterogeneous evidence base (<i>n</i> = 10 studies), the quality of primary studies was critically low. This limited the appropriateness of definitive synthesis using meta-analytic methods. Nonetheless, acknowledging the risk of estimate inflation, we still conducted an exploratory, hypothesis-generating analysis. Stratification by comparator suggested a possible benefit versus routine care, but no clear advantage against the inverted syringe technique. Within-group pre–post improvements were common yet remained noncausal and vulnerable to confounding. Coupled with our wide prediction intervals and high risk of bias, these findings suggest that confident claims of effectiveness maybe premature in this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Recommendations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current evidence neither supports strong effectiveness claims for Hoffman’s exercise nor warrants abandoning the technique outright. Clinically, we suggest offering the exercise as part of a broader lactation-support bundle rather than presenting it as a stand-alone, proven or validated intervention. More robust data are needed to determine the clinical effectiveness of the technique.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12864541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02eCollection Date: 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1155/tbj/9942451
Nicole Reyes, Camila Ortega, Amanda Mendiola, Mary Murray, Andrew Fenton, Adina Brett-Morris, Caroline Mangira
Introduction: Radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery reduces local recurrence and improves survival. The new standard set forth by the Commission on Cancer (CoC) requires that radiation be initiated in less than or equal to 60 days of definitive surgery for patients receiving breast-conserving surgery for Stages I-III breast cancer who do not undergo adjuvant chemo or immunotherapy. Timely access to radiation is critical, and yet there still exists a modest number of patients who experience delays in the initiation of radiation. We aim to highlight this disparity at our institution and identify the socioeconomic factors that contribute to it.
Methods: Using the Breast Cancer Registry, we conducted a retrospective analysis of women diagnosed with Stages I-III breast cancer, who underwent breast-conserving surgery between 2011 and 2021. Women who received chemotherapy were excluded. We stratified patients based on socioeconomic and other factors and examined which factors attributed to an increased interval from surgery to initiation of radiation greater than the current standard of 60 days.
Results: A cohort of 427 women meeting the inclusion criteria was identified. Most patients received adjuvant radiation within the new standard of 60 days from definitive surgery (72.4%). However, patients of White race were significantly more likely to receive adjuvant radiation within 60 days of final surgery (74.7%) compared to patients of Black race (55.6%). In addition, patients with private insurance or Medicare were more likely to receive adjuvant radiation within the current set standard (74.9% and 74.5%, respectively) in comparison to patients with Medicaid (50.0%).
Conclusion: This analysis identifies disparities in breast cancer treatment among minority populations at our institution. It also suggests that insurance status can affect the receipt of treatment in a recommended time frame. There is research that shows a delay in radiation impairs survival. These results indicate that improving access to timely adjuvant radiation may be leveraged to lessen disparities experienced by minority races regardless of insurance status.
{"title":"Identifying Disparities in Timely Receipt of Radiation After Breast-Conserving Surgery.","authors":"Nicole Reyes, Camila Ortega, Amanda Mendiola, Mary Murray, Andrew Fenton, Adina Brett-Morris, Caroline Mangira","doi":"10.1155/tbj/9942451","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/9942451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery reduces local recurrence and improves survival. The new standard set forth by the Commission on Cancer (CoC) requires that radiation be initiated in less than or equal to 60 days of definitive surgery for patients receiving breast-conserving surgery for Stages I-III breast cancer who do not undergo adjuvant chemo or immunotherapy. Timely access to radiation is critical, and yet there still exists a modest number of patients who experience delays in the initiation of radiation. We aim to highlight this disparity at our institution and identify the socioeconomic factors that contribute to it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Breast Cancer Registry, we conducted a retrospective analysis of women diagnosed with Stages I-III breast cancer, who underwent breast-conserving surgery between 2011 and 2021. Women who received chemotherapy were excluded. We stratified patients based on socioeconomic and other factors and examined which factors attributed to an increased interval from surgery to initiation of radiation greater than the current standard of 60 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A cohort of 427 women meeting the inclusion criteria was identified. Most patients received adjuvant radiation within the new standard of 60 days from definitive surgery (72.4%). However, patients of White race were significantly more likely to receive adjuvant radiation within 60 days of final surgery (74.7%) compared to patients of Black race (55.6%). In addition, patients with private insurance or Medicare were more likely to receive adjuvant radiation within the current set standard (74.9% and 74.5%, respectively) in comparison to patients with Medicaid (50.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis identifies disparities in breast cancer treatment among minority populations at our institution. It also suggests that insurance status can affect the receipt of treatment in a recommended time frame. There is research that shows a delay in radiation impairs survival. These results indicate that improving access to timely adjuvant radiation may be leveraged to lessen disparities experienced by minority races regardless of insurance status.</p>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9942451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12865119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stella Sagoe, Patricia Tsotsoo Clottey, Isaac Nyarko Kwakye, Emmanuel Lamptey, Sussana Sagoe, Thywill Amenuveve Degley, Ruth Nimota Nukpezah, Daniel Adom-Fynn
Background and Aims
Breast cancer incidence is rising globally, including in Ghana, making early detection vital. Breast self-examination (BSE) is key to reducing morbidity and mortality. This study assessed BSE practices among adolescent girls in Ghana’s Eastern Region to inform prevention efforts.
Methods
A cross-sectional design was adopted, and the simple random sampling strategy was used to recruit 385 female students from Aburi Girls’ Senior High School. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographic information, BSE knowledge, and practices and were analyzed using SPSS Version 21. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, while Pearson’s correlation assessed the association between knowledge and practice. Logistic regression was performed to determine the predictive effects of demographic variables on BSE practice.
Results
Participants demonstrated moderate to high knowledge of BSE with mean scores ranging from 1.00 to 1.92, with strongest awareness of palpation techniques (mean = 1.92, SD = 0.272) but lower understanding of positional and visual inspection methods. Most respondents (67.3%) knew how to perform BSE, yet only 25.2% adhered to monthly timing guidelines. Hands (75%) and mirrors (25%) were commonly used, with 41.3% performing both palpation and observation. Knowledge and practice were positively correlated (r = 0.149, p = 0.003). Logistic regression identified age, educational level, knowing someone with breast cancer, and workshop attendance as significant predictors of BSE practice (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Educating adolescent girls on breast cancer and proper BSE practices is essential. Targeted interventions can strengthen knowledge and skills among young Ghanaian women, supporting early detection and broader prevention efforts.
背景和目的：包括加纳在内的全球乳腺癌发病率正在上升，因此早期发现至关重要。乳房自我检查（BSE）是降低发病率和死亡率的关键。本研究评估了加纳东部地区少女的疯牛病做法，为预防工作提供信息。方法：采用横断面设计，采用简单随机抽样的方法，对Aburi女子高级中学的385名女学生进行调查。采用结构化问卷收集数据，包括人口统计信息、疯牛病知识和实践，并使用SPSS Version 21进行分析。描述性统计用于总结数据，而Pearson相关评估知识与实践之间的关联。采用Logistic回归来确定人口统计变量对疯牛病实践的预测作用。结果：参试者对疯牛病的认知程度中高，平均得分为1.00 ~ 1.92，其中触诊技术的认知程度最高（平均= 1.92,SD = 0.272），但对体位检查和目视检查方法的认知程度较低。大多数受访者（67.3%）知道如何执行疯牛病，但只有25.2%的人遵守每月定时指南。常用手（75%）和镜（25%），其中41.3%同时进行触诊和观察。知识与实践呈正相关（r = 0.149, p = 0.003）。Logistic回归发现年龄、受教育程度、认识乳腺癌患者和参加研讨会是疯牛病实践的重要预测因素（p < 0.001）。结论：教育青春期女孩乳腺癌和正确的疯牛病做法是必不可少的。有针对性的干预措施可以加强加纳年轻妇女的知识和技能，支持早期发现和更广泛的预防工作。
{"title":"Adolescent Girls’ Breast Self-Examination Practices in Eastern Region of Ghana","authors":"Stella Sagoe, Patricia Tsotsoo Clottey, Isaac Nyarko Kwakye, Emmanuel Lamptey, Sussana Sagoe, Thywill Amenuveve Degley, Ruth Nimota Nukpezah, Daniel Adom-Fynn","doi":"10.1155/tbj/5207043","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/5207043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Breast cancer incidence is rising globally, including in Ghana, making early detection vital. Breast self-examination (BSE) is key to reducing morbidity and mortality. This study assessed BSE practices among adolescent girls in Ghana’s Eastern Region to inform prevention efforts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional design was adopted, and the simple random sampling strategy was used to recruit 385 female students from Aburi Girls’ Senior High School. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographic information, BSE knowledge, and practices and were analyzed using SPSS Version 21. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, while Pearson’s correlation assessed the association between knowledge and practice. Logistic regression was performed to determine the predictive effects of demographic variables on BSE practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants demonstrated moderate to high knowledge of BSE with mean scores ranging from 1.00 to 1.92, with strongest awareness of palpation techniques (mean = 1.92, SD = 0.272) but lower understanding of positional and visual inspection methods. Most respondents (67.3%) knew how to perform BSE, yet only 25.2% adhered to monthly timing guidelines. Hands (75%) and mirrors (25%) were commonly used, with 41.3% performing both palpation and observation. Knowledge and practice were positively correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.149, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Logistic regression identified age, educational level, knowing someone with breast cancer, and workshop attendance as significant predictors of BSE practice (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Educating adolescent girls on breast cancer and proper BSE practices is essential. Targeted interventions can strengthen knowledge and skills among young Ghanaian women, supporting early detection and broader prevention efforts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Divya Rao, Chloe Wernecke, Lisa Baron, Steven Cai, Peter Beitsch, Rakesh Patel, Pat Whitworth, Barry Rosen, Nhan Nguyen Tran, Kevin Hughes, Paul L. Baron
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>The Tyrer–Cuzick (TC) or IBIS risk calculator is a widely used tool to estimate the probability of developing breast cancer. The latest version incorporates various factors to assess the risk of breast cancer, including family history, personal history, breast density, and past medical history. The TC is commonly used to guide patients toward further diagnostic imaging, genetic testing, chemoprevention, or risk-reducing surgery. However, it is unclear whether the TC is associated with non-BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) in breast cancer susceptibility genes.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>A population of 964 patients with TC was evaluated for 12 PVs and variants of unknown significance (VUS) using lab-agnostic genetic testing. Patients were enrolled from 2019 to 2022. Historical TC were used for the subgroup of patients who developed breast cancer after enrollment. TC scores were compared between the three patient cohorts that had BRCA gene mutations, non-BRCA PVs, and negative for PVs, using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by pairwise comparison using DSCF adjustment for multiple comparisons. Data collection for patient cohorts occurred simultaneously and was only separated in analysis. Logistic regression was carried out to predict BRCA versus negative in a model with TC scores, as well as non-BRCA versus negative. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was calculated to assess model fit.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>This study found an average TC of 7.71%. A family history of cancer was noted in 78.30% of patients, and a personal history of cancer other than breast occurred in 20.74% of patients. The presence of PVs and VUS was evaluated, and 12.03% of patients were found to have a PV, with an average TC of 8.98%. The most common PVs were CHEK2, BRCA2, BRCA1, and BARD1. Out of those with PVs, 52% had non-BRCA1/2 PVs with an average TC of 5.47%. A total of 102 patients (10.58%) had a VUS, with an average TC of 8.29%. In further statistical analysis, TC were distributed significantly differently among the three groups, with differences observed between the BRCA group and negative group, as well as between BRCA and non-BRCA1/2 PVs group. A higher TC was also associated with BRCA1/BRCA2 variants compared to non-BRCA1/2 PVs.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>TC scores provide valuable information regarding the lifetime risk of an individual of developing breast cancer. However, the study found they were not associated with prediction of non-BRCA1/
{"title":"Tyrer–Cuzick Lifetime Risk Is Not Associated With Non-BRCA1/2 Pathogenic Variants for Breast Carcinoma","authors":"Divya Rao, Chloe Wernecke, Lisa Baron, Steven Cai, Peter Beitsch, Rakesh Patel, Pat Whitworth, Barry Rosen, Nhan Nguyen Tran, Kevin Hughes, Paul L. Baron","doi":"10.1155/tbj/8670441","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/8670441","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Tyrer–Cuzick (TC) or IBIS risk calculator is a widely used tool to estimate the probability of developing breast cancer. The latest version incorporates various factors to assess the risk of breast cancer, including family history, personal history, breast density, and past medical history. The TC is commonly used to guide patients toward further diagnostic imaging, genetic testing, chemoprevention, or risk-reducing surgery. However, it is unclear whether the TC is associated with non-BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) in breast cancer susceptibility genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A population of 964 patients with TC was evaluated for 12 PVs and variants of unknown significance (VUS) using lab-agnostic genetic testing. Patients were enrolled from 2019 to 2022. Historical TC were used for the subgroup of patients who developed breast cancer after enrollment. TC scores were compared between the three patient cohorts that had BRCA gene mutations, non-BRCA PVs, and negative for PVs, using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by pairwise comparison using DSCF adjustment for multiple comparisons. Data collection for patient cohorts occurred simultaneously and was only separated in analysis. Logistic regression was carried out to predict BRCA versus negative in a model with TC scores, as well as non-BRCA versus negative. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was calculated to assess model fit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study found an average TC of 7.71%. A family history of cancer was noted in 78.30% of patients, and a personal history of cancer other than breast occurred in 20.74% of patients. The presence of PVs and VUS was evaluated, and 12.03% of patients were found to have a PV, with an average TC of 8.98%. The most common PVs were CHEK2, BRCA2, BRCA1, and BARD1. Out of those with PVs, 52% had non-BRCA1/2 PVs with an average TC of 5.47%. A total of 102 patients (10.58%) had a VUS, with an average TC of 8.29%. In further statistical analysis, TC were distributed significantly differently among the three groups, with differences observed between the BRCA group and negative group, as well as between BRCA and non-BRCA1/2 PVs group. A higher TC was also associated with BRCA1/BRCA2 variants compared to non-BRCA1/2 PVs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TC scores provide valuable information regarding the lifetime risk of an individual of developing breast cancer. However, the study found they were not associated with prediction of non-BRCA1/","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12816757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To conduct a thorough analysis of public databases to investigate the expression patterns of the PAX7 gene in breast cancer.
Methods
We gathered gene expression data, clinical details, immunohistochemistry images, and genomic information from breast cancer patients through various public databases, such as TCGA, THPA, GEPIA, and cBioPortal. To analyze differential expression, we used the limma package. We assessed the relationship between PAX7 and clinical characteristics using chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact tests. For survival analysis, we employed Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression models to evaluate prognostic factors. Furthermore, we conducted functional clustering analysis to explore the roles of related genes. The MCPcounter and TIMER packages were utilized for analyzing immune infiltration, while statistical computations and visualizations were carried out using the R programming language and its associated packages.
Results
The expression levels of PAX7 in breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than normal tissues. Survival analyses showed that patients with high PAX7 expression had notably lower overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free survival, establishing PAX7 as an independent prognostic factor. Assessments of immune infiltration demonstrated a significant relationship between PAX7 and the levels of Th2 cells, TReg, and TFH. Additionally, Clustering analysis of PAX7 genes showed enrichment in cell division, chromosome regions, and pathways like the cell cycle.
Conclusion
PAX7 was highly expressed in cancer tissues and had a notable impact on patient survival. Furthermore, it was identified as an independent prognostic factor, with related genes being enriched in various biological processes.
{"title":"Expression Characteristics of PAX7 and Its Prognostic Correlation in Breast Cancer","authors":"Bahatiguli Silafu, Jinxing Huang, Xierzhati Aizezi","doi":"10.1155/tbj/3060151","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/3060151","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To conduct a thorough analysis of public databases to investigate the expression patterns of the PAX7 gene in breast cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We gathered gene expression data, clinical details, immunohistochemistry images, and genomic information from breast cancer patients through various public databases, such as TCGA, THPA, GEPIA, and cBioPortal. To analyze differential expression, we used the limma package. We assessed the relationship between PAX7 and clinical characteristics using chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact tests. For survival analysis, we employed Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression models to evaluate prognostic factors. Furthermore, we conducted functional clustering analysis to explore the roles of related genes. The MCPcounter and TIMER packages were utilized for analyzing immune infiltration, while statistical computations and visualizations were carried out using the R programming language and its associated packages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The expression levels of PAX7 in breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than normal tissues. Survival analyses showed that patients with high PAX7 expression had notably lower overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free survival, establishing PAX7 as an independent prognostic factor. Assessments of immune infiltration demonstrated a significant relationship between PAX7 and the levels of Th2 cells, TReg, and TFH. Additionally, Clustering analysis of PAX7 genes showed enrichment in cell division, chromosome regions, and pathways like the cell cycle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PAX7 was highly expressed in cancer tissues and had a notable impact on patient survival. Furthermore, it was identified as an independent prognostic factor, with related genes being enriched in various biological processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12791159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole Schemmel, Julia Lauberger, Julia Lühnen, Anke Steckelberg
Background and Aims
Sex-/gender-specific health information for men with breast cancer is lacking. Health information supports patients in shared decision-making. When developing evidence-based health information, it is important to identify the patients’ information needs and preferences with regard to age, sex or gender, and other diversity aspects, including how the content is provided for the target group. However, studies show that sex/gender differences have rarely been considered. Our study investigates the information needs and preferences of cisgender men with breast cancer.
Methods
A content-structuring, qualitative content analysis of forum posts was performed. Internet forums and posts were selected according to the following criteria: relevance of the topic, English or German language, and public availability without registration. A qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz was conducted. The selected posts were coded using MAXQDA.
Results
A total of 1025 posts from three Internet forums were screened, and 96 posts were included for analysis—most of them from a German Internet forum. We identified seven main categories and 26 subcategories. Information needs and preferences are represented by the following main categories: “Epidemiology and general questions about the disease,” “Diagnostics,” “Therapy,” “Physician specialist services,” “Rehabilitation and lifestyle adaption,” and “Mental health.” Additionally, the “Preference for and access to current information” plays a role for the patients.
Conclusions
Our study provides new insights into the information needs and preferences of men with breast cancer, mainly from German-speaking countries. Providing accurate and reliable health information that meets patients’ needs and preferences is an ethical duty and has to be provided by healthcare systems. Such patient-centered and inclusive health care will empower patients to make informed decisions.
{"title":"Information Needs and Preferences of Men With Breast Cancer: A Qualitative Analysis of Internet Forum Posts","authors":"Nicole Schemmel, Julia Lauberger, Julia Lühnen, Anke Steckelberg","doi":"10.1155/tbj/8821629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbj/8821629","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sex-/gender-specific health information for men with breast cancer is lacking. Health information supports patients in shared decision-making. When developing evidence-based health information, it is important to identify the patients’ information needs and preferences with regard to age, sex or gender, and other diversity aspects, including how the content is provided for the target group. However, studies show that sex/gender differences have rarely been considered. Our study investigates the information needs and preferences of cisgender men with breast cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A content-structuring, qualitative content analysis of forum posts was performed. Internet forums and posts were selected according to the following criteria: relevance of the topic, English or German language, and public availability without registration. A qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz was conducted. The selected posts were coded using MAXQDA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1025 posts from three Internet forums were screened, and 96 posts were included for analysis—most of them from a German Internet forum. We identified seven main categories and 26 subcategories. Information needs and preferences are represented by the following main categories: “Epidemiology and general questions about the disease,” “Diagnostics,” “Therapy,” “Physician specialist services,” “Rehabilitation and lifestyle adaption,” and “Mental health.” Additionally, the “Preference for and access to current information” plays a role for the patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study provides new insights into the information needs and preferences of men with breast cancer, mainly from German-speaking countries. Providing accurate and reliable health information that meets patients’ needs and preferences is an ethical duty and has to be provided by healthcare systems. Such patient-centered and inclusive health care will empower patients to make informed decisions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbj/8821629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145930982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast reconstruction post-mastectomy restores breast aesthetics and significantly enhances patients’ self-confidence and psychological well-being. However, despite the effectiveness of current breast reconstruction techniques in restoring the aesthetic appearance of the breast, many patients continue to experience the loss of breast sensation following surgery, particularly the loss of nipple sensitivity, which significantly impacts postoperative quality of life. To address this issue, the use of nerve grafting techniques in breast reconstruction is increasingly being recognized and explored. This review summarizes the research progress of nerve grafting in breast reconstruction, highlighting its clinical applications, technical challenges, and future directions.
{"title":"Nerve Grafts in Breast Reconstruction: A Narrative Review","authors":"Yan Shen, Juan Zhang, Yihua Liu, Haifeng Cai","doi":"10.1155/tbj/1035158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbj/1035158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Breast reconstruction post-mastectomy restores breast aesthetics and significantly enhances patients’ self-confidence and psychological well-being. However, despite the effectiveness of current breast reconstruction techniques in restoring the aesthetic appearance of the breast, many patients continue to experience the loss of breast sensation following surgery, particularly the loss of nipple sensitivity, which significantly impacts postoperative quality of life. To address this issue, the use of nerve grafting techniques in breast reconstruction is increasingly being recognized and explored. This review summarizes the research progress of nerve grafting in breast reconstruction, highlighting its clinical applications, technical challenges, and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbj/1035158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The predictive value of serum pyroptosis markers, including NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and caspase-1, in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients was investigated.
Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted, enrolling MBC patients who had not undergone prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Serum levels of pyroptosis markers (NLRP3, HMGB1, and caspase-1) and conventional tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including age, tumor size, hormone receptor status, and metastatic sites. Patients were followed up for 24 months, and overall survival (OS) was recorded.
Results
The study included 122 MBC patients, categorized into the favorable and poor prognosis groups based on 24-month survival. Elevated levels of NLRP3 and HMGB1 were significantly associated with poor prognosis, whereas lower levels of caspase-1 were observed in patients with unfavorable outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that pyroptosis markers, particularly caspase-1, had significant predictive value for MBC prognosis. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients with high HMGB1 levels had a shorter 24-month OS, whereas those with low caspase-1 levels also exhibited a shorter 24-month OS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified tumor diameter, Ki67, molecular subtype, number of metastatic sites per patient, and HMGB1 were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in MBC patients, whereas caspase-1 was an independent protective factor against poor prognosis.
Conclusion
Serum pyroptosis markers (HMGB1 and caspase-1) were valuable prognostic indicators in MBC patients. Elevated HMGB1 levels, along with reduced caspase-1 levels, were associated with poorer outcomes.
{"title":"Predictive Value of Pyroptosis Markers (NLRP3, HMGB1, and Caspase-1) in the Prognosis of Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study","authors":"Yi Zhang, Ying He, Qiang Liu, Hongwu Deng","doi":"10.1155/tbj/8821116","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/8821116","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The predictive value of serum pyroptosis markers, including NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and caspase-1, in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients was investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A prospective observational study was conducted, enrolling MBC patients who had not undergone prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Serum levels of pyroptosis markers (NLRP3, HMGB1, and caspase-1) and conventional tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including age, tumor size, hormone receptor status, and metastatic sites. Patients were followed up for 24 months, and overall survival (OS) was recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 122 MBC patients, categorized into the favorable and poor prognosis groups based on 24-month survival. Elevated levels of NLRP3 and HMGB1 were significantly associated with poor prognosis, whereas lower levels of caspase-1 were observed in patients with unfavorable outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that pyroptosis markers, particularly caspase-1, had significant predictive value for MBC prognosis. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients with high HMGB1 levels had a shorter 24-month OS, whereas those with low caspase-1 levels also exhibited a shorter 24-month OS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified tumor diameter, Ki67, molecular subtype, number of metastatic sites per patient, and HMGB1 were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in MBC patients, whereas caspase-1 was an independent protective factor against poor prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum pyroptosis markers (HMGB1 and caspase-1) were valuable prognostic indicators in MBC patients. Elevated HMGB1 levels, along with reduced caspase-1 levels, were associated with poorer outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PMAIP1 (NOXA) is a pro-apoptotic factor that is closely related to cancer development, but its role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of PMAIP1 on TNBC cell viability, apoptosis, DNA damage, and mitochondrial function.
Methods
qRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression level of PMAIP1 in TNBC tissues and cells, and its biological role was evaluated in combination with MTT, TUNEL, comet assay, and mitochondrial function indicators (ROS, ATP, mtDNA, and JC-1).
Results
PMAIP1 is significantly upregulated in TNBC and is negatively correlated with cell viability: Overexpression of PMAIP1 inhibits cell viability, while knockdown of PMAIP1 enhances viability. Upregulation of PMAIP1 promotes apoptosis by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, induces DNA damage, elevates ROS levels, and reduces ATP, mtDNA, and JC-1 levels, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction; conversely, knockdown of PMAIP1 alleviates these changes.
Conclusion
PMAIP1 exerts a tumor suppressor effect by regulating apoptosis, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction, providing potential target support for the treatment of TNBC.
{"title":"PMAIP1 Enhances DNA Damage and Induces ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Suppress Tumorigenesis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer","authors":"Fangjian Shang, Lei Xu, Hongzhi Liu, Xin Dong, Huangfei Wu, Liping Yin, Lijuan Yan, Yixin Qi, Liyan Zhao","doi":"10.1155/tbj/7056712","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/7056712","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PMAIP1 (NOXA) is a pro-apoptotic factor that is closely related to cancer development, but its role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of PMAIP1 on TNBC cell viability, apoptosis, DNA damage, and mitochondrial function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>qRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression level of PMAIP1 in TNBC tissues and cells, and its biological role was evaluated in combination with MTT, TUNEL, comet assay, and mitochondrial function indicators (ROS, ATP, mtDNA, and JC-1).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PMAIP1 is significantly upregulated in TNBC and is negatively correlated with cell viability: Overexpression of PMAIP1 inhibits cell viability, while knockdown of PMAIP1 enhances viability. Upregulation of PMAIP1 promotes apoptosis by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, induces DNA damage, elevates ROS levels, and reduces ATP, mtDNA, and JC-1 levels, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction; conversely, knockdown of PMAIP1 alleviates these changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PMAIP1 exerts a tumor suppressor effect by regulating apoptosis, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction, providing potential target support for the treatment of TNBC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12750317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhensheng Li, Yunjiang Liu, Yue Li, Yuguang Shang, Jun Zhang, Xiaohui Ji, Zhiping Zhao, Xuejuan Duan, Wenhui Geng, Junpu Yin
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is common among Chinese breast cancer (BC) patients following surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT). Understanding the prevalence and impact of FCR, particularly during the RT period, on anxiety, depression, and quality of life may inform strategies to manage patient distress.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>From July 2015 to December 2016, 486 women undergoing RT for BC at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China, were prospectively enrolled in the study. Anxiety, depression, and quality-of-life changes were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer’s Quality-of-Life questionnaires (QLQ-C30, QLQ-BR23) before and after RT. FCR was assessed using a modified question from the QLQ-BR23, <i>“how much have you worried about tumor recurrence (over the last week),”</i> which demonstrated the satisfactory construct validity and reliability in a prior pilot study. ANOVA, multivariate linear regressions, and ordinal logistic regressions were performed to evaluate odds ratio (OR) and <i>p</i> values. Pain and sleep disturbance were included as covariates in secondary models.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Of the 486 women enrolled, 23 (4.7%) patients declined participation. Of the 463 analyzed patients, the mean age was 47 years old. 386 patients (83.4%) elected for mastectomies. FCR levels prior to RT were reported as “<i>none</i>” (29.4%), “<i>a little bit</i>” (51.2%), “<i>some</i>” (12.1%), and “<i>very much</i>” (7.3%). Increased FCR severity was associated with elevated median anxiety score (1.5, 5.0, 7.0, 8.5) and increased rates of clinically significant anxiety (anxiety score ≥ 11; 0%, 3.4%, 12.5%, 26.5%). Similarly, median depression scores (2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 6.5) rose with FCR severity, accompanied by higher prevalence of atypical depression (depression score ≥ 11; 2.2%, 3.4%, 5.4%, 17.7%) (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Compared to the reference “<i>none,”</i> each unit increase of FCR severity was independently associated with one category (“<i>normal</i>,” “<i>borderline</i>,” and “<i>abnormal</i>”) of increased anxiety with OR (<i>p</i>) of 2.593 (<i>p</i> = 0.011), 5.889 (<i>< 0.001</i>), and 14.621 (<i>< 0.001</i>) and increased depression with OR (<i>p</i>) of 2.406 (<i>0.008</i>), 3.045 (<i>0.009</i>), and 7.210 (<i>< 0.001</i>), respectively. FCR severity was negatively associated with most quality-of-life domains (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Similar associations persisted post RT.</p> </section> <section>
{"title":"Fear of Cancer Recurrence Contributes Largely to Patient Anxiety and Depression and Quality of Life in a Prospective Cohort of Chinese Breast Cancer Patients for Postoperative Radiotherapy","authors":"Zhensheng Li, Yunjiang Liu, Yue Li, Yuguang Shang, Jun Zhang, Xiaohui Ji, Zhiping Zhao, Xuejuan Duan, Wenhui Geng, Junpu Yin","doi":"10.1155/tbj/5788053","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbj/5788053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is common among Chinese breast cancer (BC) patients following surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT). Understanding the prevalence and impact of FCR, particularly during the RT period, on anxiety, depression, and quality of life may inform strategies to manage patient distress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From July 2015 to December 2016, 486 women undergoing RT for BC at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China, were prospectively enrolled in the study. Anxiety, depression, and quality-of-life changes were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer’s Quality-of-Life questionnaires (QLQ-C30, QLQ-BR23) before and after RT. FCR was assessed using a modified question from the QLQ-BR23, <i>“how much have you worried about tumor recurrence (over the last week),”</i> which demonstrated the satisfactory construct validity and reliability in a prior pilot study. ANOVA, multivariate linear regressions, and ordinal logistic regressions were performed to evaluate odds ratio (OR) and <i>p</i> values. Pain and sleep disturbance were included as covariates in secondary models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 486 women enrolled, 23 (4.7%) patients declined participation. Of the 463 analyzed patients, the mean age was 47 years old. 386 patients (83.4%) elected for mastectomies. FCR levels prior to RT were reported as “<i>none</i>” (29.4%), “<i>a little bit</i>” (51.2%), “<i>some</i>” (12.1%), and “<i>very much</i>” (7.3%). Increased FCR severity was associated with elevated median anxiety score (1.5, 5.0, 7.0, 8.5) and increased rates of clinically significant anxiety (anxiety score ≥ 11; 0%, 3.4%, 12.5%, 26.5%). Similarly, median depression scores (2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 6.5) rose with FCR severity, accompanied by higher prevalence of atypical depression (depression score ≥ 11; 2.2%, 3.4%, 5.4%, 17.7%) (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Compared to the reference “<i>none,”</i> each unit increase of FCR severity was independently associated with one category (“<i>normal</i>,” “<i>borderline</i>,” and “<i>abnormal</i>”) of increased anxiety with OR (<i>p</i>) of 2.593 (<i>p</i> = 0.011), 5.889 (<i>< 0.001</i>), and 14.621 (<i>< 0.001</i>) and increased depression with OR (<i>p</i>) of 2.406 (<i>0.008</i>), 3.045 (<i>0.009</i>), and 7.210 (<i>< 0.001</i>), respectively. FCR severity was negatively associated with most quality-of-life domains (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Similar associations persisted post RT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":56326,"journal":{"name":"Breast Journal","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12723078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145829139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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