Abstract Foraging movements during the breeding season are a poorly studied aspect of booted eagle behaviour. We have investigated the relationship between weather and other abiotic factors and foraging behaviour, and also resource use by a female booted eagle, tagged by satellite-GPS transmitter in central Catalonia, during summer 2012 and spring 2013. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) revealed that the distance travelled from the nest was significantly related to temperature, but also to the time of day and the age of chicks. Temperature also had a significant positive influence on flight altitude and the latter on flight speed. The Resource Utilization Function (RUF) showed significant resource use in locations close to water (rivers and water bodies) and also in agricultural areas, preferably close to urban areas and rivers. On the other hand, unlike in other areas of Spain, the use of the edges between forest and agricultural areas and forest areas themselves showed negative coefficients with values not significant, perhaps related to changes in prey availability in the traditional hunting grounds.
在繁殖季节的觅食运动是一个很少被研究的靴鹰行为方面。我们调查了天气和其他非生物因素与觅食行为之间的关系，以及2012年夏季和2013年春季在加泰罗尼亚中部用卫星gps发射器标记的一只雌性靴鹰的资源利用情况。广义线性模型(Generalized Linear Models, GLMs)显示，从巢出发的距离与温度、时间和雏鸟年龄显著相关。温度对飞行高度有显著的正向影响，飞行高度对飞行速度有显著的正向影响。资源利用函数(RUF)显示在靠近水(河流和水体)的地点以及在农业区，最好是靠近城市地区和河流的地方有大量的资源利用。另一方面，与西班牙其他地区不同的是，森林和农业区之间边缘的使用以及森林地区本身显示出负系数，其值并不显著，这可能与传统狩猎场猎物可用性的变化有关。
{"title":"Factors influencing the movements during the breeding season of a female booted eagle (Aquila pennata) tagged by satellite in central Catalonia (Spain)","authors":"J. Bosch, J. Calvo, A. Bermejo, J. Puente","doi":"10.1515/srj-2016-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/srj-2016-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Foraging movements during the breeding season are a poorly studied aspect of booted eagle behaviour. We have investigated the relationship between weather and other abiotic factors and foraging behaviour, and also resource use by a female booted eagle, tagged by satellite-GPS transmitter in central Catalonia, during summer 2012 and spring 2013. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) revealed that the distance travelled from the nest was significantly related to temperature, but also to the time of day and the age of chicks. Temperature also had a significant positive influence on flight altitude and the latter on flight speed. The Resource Utilization Function (RUF) showed significant resource use in locations close to water (rivers and water bodies) and also in agricultural areas, preferably close to urban areas and rivers. On the other hand, unlike in other areas of Spain, the use of the edges between forest and agricultural areas and forest areas themselves showed negative coefficients with values not significant, perhaps related to changes in prey availability in the traditional hunting grounds.","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82784773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Amr, E. Handal, F. Bibi, Mohammad H. Najajrah, M. Qumsiyeh
Abstract The diet of the Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) was studied in Wadi Al Makhrour, Bethlehem, Palestinian Territories in 2015 with fresh and several year old pellets. Three species of arthropods, one reptile species, at least four bird species, and six species of mammals were recovered from the studied pellets. Black rat (Rattus rattus) was the most common prey (37.0%), followed by the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) (29.4%) and birds (21.8%). Comparison of recent and older pellets showed change in diet composition. Recent pellets contained more Rattus rattus compared to older ones. Older pellets included more naturally-occurring species such as Meriones tristrami, Microtus guentheri, and Rousettus aegyptiacus, which were absent in newer pellets.
2015年，在巴勒斯坦伯利恒的Wadi Al Makhrour，用新鲜和几年前的颗粒研究了欧亚鹰鸮(Bubo Bubo)的饮食。从研究的颗粒中发现了3种节肢动物、1种爬行动物、至少4种鸟类和6种哺乳动物。最常见的猎物为黑鼠(Rattus Rattus)(37.0%)，其次为南方白胸刺猬(Erinaceus concolor)(29.4%)和鸟类(21.8%)。比较最近的和旧的颗粒显示出饮食成分的变化。与旧的相比，最近的颗粒含有更多的Rattus Rattus。较旧的颗粒包括更多的自然存在的物种，如三棱角鼠、古氏鼠和埃及褐家鼠，这些在较新的颗粒中是不存在的。
{"title":"Change in diet of the Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) suggests decline in biodiversity in Wadi Al Makhrour, Bethlehem Governorate, Palestinian Territories","authors":"Z. Amr, E. Handal, F. Bibi, Mohammad H. Najajrah, M. Qumsiyeh","doi":"10.1515/srj-2016-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/srj-2016-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The diet of the Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) was studied in Wadi Al Makhrour, Bethlehem, Palestinian Territories in 2015 with fresh and several year old pellets. Three species of arthropods, one reptile species, at least four bird species, and six species of mammals were recovered from the studied pellets. Black rat (Rattus rattus) was the most common prey (37.0%), followed by the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) (29.4%) and birds (21.8%). Comparison of recent and older pellets showed change in diet composition. Recent pellets contained more Rattus rattus compared to older ones. Older pellets included more naturally-occurring species such as Meriones tristrami, Microtus guentheri, and Rousettus aegyptiacus, which were absent in newer pellets.","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90834063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sidorovich, V. V. Ivanovskij, V. Sidorovich, I. A. Solovej
Abstract We examined common buzzard (Buteo buteo) feeding patterns in landscapes with different habitat structure in Belarus. A total of 561 pellets and prey remains were sampled in 1998-2012 from which 1065 prey and other food items were identified. Effects of habitat structure on buzzard diet composition were investigated using correlation analysis. The most abundant group in buzzards’ diets were small rodents (49-80% of the biomass consumed), followed by other mammals and birds. Reptiles, anurans, fish and invertebrates constituted the rest. Proportions of all food items varied greatly between landscapes. The mean-weighted body mass of vertebrate prey hunted by common buzzards in different landscapes ranged from 107 to 244 g, constituting on average 180 g. Among small rodents, voles of the genus Microtus were hunted selectively. The food niche breadth was directly proportional to the amount of forest habitat. With increasing amount of forest habitat, the proportion of Microtus voles in buzzards’ diets decreased and the proportions of other food items grew. These findings confirm the majority of previous results indicating feeding opportunism of the common buzzard. Our investigation enables better understanding of predator-prey interactions and the prey choice of the common buzzard in Belarus.
{"title":"Landscape-related variation in the diet composition of the common buzzard (Buteo buteo) in Belarus","authors":"A. Sidorovich, V. V. Ivanovskij, V. Sidorovich, I. A. Solovej","doi":"10.1515/srj-2016-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/srj-2016-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We examined common buzzard (Buteo buteo) feeding patterns in landscapes with different habitat structure in Belarus. A total of 561 pellets and prey remains were sampled in 1998-2012 from which 1065 prey and other food items were identified. Effects of habitat structure on buzzard diet composition were investigated using correlation analysis. The most abundant group in buzzards’ diets were small rodents (49-80% of the biomass consumed), followed by other mammals and birds. Reptiles, anurans, fish and invertebrates constituted the rest. Proportions of all food items varied greatly between landscapes. The mean-weighted body mass of vertebrate prey hunted by common buzzards in different landscapes ranged from 107 to 244 g, constituting on average 180 g. Among small rodents, voles of the genus Microtus were hunted selectively. The food niche breadth was directly proportional to the amount of forest habitat. With increasing amount of forest habitat, the proportion of Microtus voles in buzzards’ diets decreased and the proportions of other food items grew. These findings confirm the majority of previous results indicating feeding opportunism of the common buzzard. Our investigation enables better understanding of predator-prey interactions and the prey choice of the common buzzard in Belarus.","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87088729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Between 2008 and 2015 we collected pellets of the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) in the Trøndelag region of central Norway and identified the food remains in these samples. We collected material at 45 sites with samples from a total of 76 nests. Some of the samples were from older and already abandoned nests, but at several sites we also found and collected fresh B. bubo pellets. In total 40,766 items of prey were identified from the osteological material. The most dominant food components were mammals (Mammalia, 25 species, 63.5%). The species representation of birds was very diverse (Aves, more than 150 species, 19.4%). Of amphibians (Amphibia, 1 6.8%), the well-represented species were Rana temporaria. Fish (Pisces, 0.3%) were represented rarely, while invertebrates were represented only sporadically (Invertebrata, 0.05%). A special composition was found in the diet spectra of the mammals and birds in the mountainous areas at altitudes between 220-780 m above sea level. The highest proportion of frogs was found in areas in the proximity of the mainland shore. On the northern islands located near the coast a significant proportion of the B. bubo diet consisted of rodents (Rodentia). On the more isolated southern islands of Frøya, Hitra and Storfosna the main prey was sea birds, and of the mammals there were also hedgehogs and rats.
{"title":"The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) diet in the Trøndelag region (Central Norway)","authors":"J. Obuch, G. Bangjord","doi":"10.1515/srj-2016-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/srj-2016-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Between 2008 and 2015 we collected pellets of the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) in the Trøndelag region of central Norway and identified the food remains in these samples. We collected material at 45 sites with samples from a total of 76 nests. Some of the samples were from older and already abandoned nests, but at several sites we also found and collected fresh B. bubo pellets. In total 40,766 items of prey were identified from the osteological material. The most dominant food components were mammals (Mammalia, 25 species, 63.5%). The species representation of birds was very diverse (Aves, more than 150 species, 19.4%). Of amphibians (Amphibia, 1 6.8%), the well-represented species were Rana temporaria. Fish (Pisces, 0.3%) were represented rarely, while invertebrates were represented only sporadically (Invertebrata, 0.05%). A special composition was found in the diet spectra of the mammals and birds in the mountainous areas at altitudes between 220-780 m above sea level. The highest proportion of frogs was found in areas in the proximity of the mainland shore. On the northern islands located near the coast a significant proportion of the B. bubo diet consisted of rodents (Rodentia). On the more isolated southern islands of Frøya, Hitra and Storfosna the main prey was sea birds, and of the mammals there were also hedgehogs and rats.","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85301179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We completed data on the diet of the barn owl (Tyto alba) predominately from pellets for the period of the last 50 years from Slovakia. We analyzed material from 251 locations and 16 territorial units. The aggregate represents 119,231 pieces of prey from 47 species of mammals (Mammalia, 95.7%) and 58 species of birds (Aves, 3.9%), with a small representation of amphibians, reptiles (Amphibia and Reptilia, 0.2%) and invertebrates (Invertebrata, 0.2%). The obtaining of food among the owls is limited to synanthropic environments and the surrounding agricultural landscape, and the centre of its distribution in the recent period (i.e. the past 50 years: 1965-201 5) has been concentrated mainly on the southern parts of Slovakia. In this environment the common vole (Microtus arvalis, 59.6%) is the primary prey. Additional prey are rodents of the family Muridae: Mus musculus (5.6%), Micromys minutus (2.2%), Apodemus microps (2.2%), A. flavicollis (2.0%), A. sylvaticus (1 .6%) and A. agrarius (1 .5%); insectivores of the family Soricidae: Sorex araneus (6.2%), S. minutus (2.4%), Crocidura leucodon (4.8%) and C. suaveolens (2.8%); and the house sparrow Passer domesticus (2.9%). In the higher situated Turcianska kotlina Basin the species M. arvalis (74.3%) has higher domination, and instead of the white-toothed shrews the water shrews Neomys anomalus (2.8%) and N. fodiens (1 .3%) are more abundantly represented. In 3 localities owls focused on hunting bats; for example, in the church in Ratková the order Chiroptera made up 35.2% of prey. From the subrecent period (i.e. from before more than 50 years ago) we evaluate 4 samples from the territory of Slovakia with 15,601 pieces of prey ofT. alba. Before more than 50 years ago owls were also more abundantly represented at higher elevations in Slovakia, evidence of which is Weisz’s collection of pellets from 1 6 localities in the Ondavská vrchovina Upland in the years 1945 to 1963, but also a registry of data from the 19th and 20th centuries from higher located basins. In 4 samples of food from the subrecent period diversity in the representation of owl prey is higher, accompanied by low domination ofM. arvalis and a more abundant representation of murids from the genera Mus and Apodemus. The oldest sample, dated to the 16th century, is from a church in Žilina-Rudiny
{"title":"Recent and subrecent diet of the barn owl (Tyto alba) in Slovakia","authors":"J. Obuch, Š. Danko, Michał Noga","doi":"10.1515/srj-2016-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/srj-2016-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We completed data on the diet of the barn owl (Tyto alba) predominately from pellets for the period of the last 50 years from Slovakia. We analyzed material from 251 locations and 16 territorial units. The aggregate represents 119,231 pieces of prey from 47 species of mammals (Mammalia, 95.7%) and 58 species of birds (Aves, 3.9%), with a small representation of amphibians, reptiles (Amphibia and Reptilia, 0.2%) and invertebrates (Invertebrata, 0.2%). The obtaining of food among the owls is limited to synanthropic environments and the surrounding agricultural landscape, and the centre of its distribution in the recent period (i.e. the past 50 years: 1965-201 5) has been concentrated mainly on the southern parts of Slovakia. In this environment the common vole (Microtus arvalis, 59.6%) is the primary prey. Additional prey are rodents of the family Muridae: Mus musculus (5.6%), Micromys minutus (2.2%), Apodemus microps (2.2%), A. flavicollis (2.0%), A. sylvaticus (1 .6%) and A. agrarius (1 .5%); insectivores of the family Soricidae: Sorex araneus (6.2%), S. minutus (2.4%), Crocidura leucodon (4.8%) and C. suaveolens (2.8%); and the house sparrow Passer domesticus (2.9%). In the higher situated Turcianska kotlina Basin the species M. arvalis (74.3%) has higher domination, and instead of the white-toothed shrews the water shrews Neomys anomalus (2.8%) and N. fodiens (1 .3%) are more abundantly represented. In 3 localities owls focused on hunting bats; for example, in the church in Ratková the order Chiroptera made up 35.2% of prey. From the subrecent period (i.e. from before more than 50 years ago) we evaluate 4 samples from the territory of Slovakia with 15,601 pieces of prey ofT. alba. Before more than 50 years ago owls were also more abundantly represented at higher elevations in Slovakia, evidence of which is Weisz’s collection of pellets from 1 6 localities in the Ondavská vrchovina Upland in the years 1945 to 1963, but also a registry of data from the 19th and 20th centuries from higher located basins. In 4 samples of food from the subrecent period diversity in the representation of owl prey is higher, accompanied by low domination ofM. arvalis and a more abundant representation of murids from the genera Mus and Apodemus. The oldest sample, dated to the 16th century, is from a church in Žilina-Rudiny","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86643606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Girgina Daskalova, P. Shurulinkov, G. Stoyanov, B. Borisov
Abstract The lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) was considered extinct as a breeding species in Bulgaria, but recently a small breeding colony was found again in the south-eastern part of the country. Seven recent observations of flocks or solitary birds of the species in Bulgaria during the post-breeding period are presented and commented here. It is shown that the territory of the country is a regular area for post-breeding dispersal and pre-migratory feeding of lesser kestrels. The origin of these is not known, but most probably birds from the populations of the European part of Turkey, Greece, Republic of Macedonia and Albania are involved.
{"title":"Observations of the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) in Bulgaria during the period of post-breeding dispersal","authors":"Girgina Daskalova, P. Shurulinkov, G. Stoyanov, B. Borisov","doi":"10.1515/srj-2016-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/srj-2016-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) was considered extinct as a breeding species in Bulgaria, but recently a small breeding colony was found again in the south-eastern part of the country. Seven recent observations of flocks or solitary birds of the species in Bulgaria during the post-breeding period are presented and commented here. It is shown that the territory of the country is a regular area for post-breeding dispersal and pre-migratory feeding of lesser kestrels. The origin of these is not known, but most probably birds from the populations of the European part of Turkey, Greece, Republic of Macedonia and Albania are involved.","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81754331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the paper we describe two cases of eastern imperial eagle breeding in the former nests of greater spotted eagle and white-tailed eagle observed in the Tatarstan Republic, Russia. In both cases, eastern imperial eagles occupied non-favourable habitats they never used before - a vast alder forest in the wetlands and an island in a reservoir. The possible reasons that made the eagles expand their breeding ranges in the Volga region ofRussia are discussed in this paper Abstrakt V príspevku popisujeme dva prípady hniezdenia orla královského v hniezdach po orlovi hrubozobom a orliakovi morskom, pozorované v Tatárskej republike v Ruskej federácii. Orol královský obsadil, v oboch prípadoch, suboptimálne habitaty, ktoré doteraz takto nevyužíval - rozsiahle slatinné jelšiny a ostrov na vodnej nádrži. V práci rozoberáme možné príciny stojace za rozširovaním hniezdneho areálu druhu v ruskom Povolží.
{"title":"On eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) breeding in atypical habitat under competitive conditions with other eagle species","authors":"R. Bekmansurov, I. Karyakin, E. P. Shnayder","doi":"10.1515/srj-2015-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/srj-2015-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the paper we describe two cases of eastern imperial eagle breeding in the former nests of greater spotted eagle and white-tailed eagle observed in the Tatarstan Republic, Russia. In both cases, eastern imperial eagles occupied non-favourable habitats they never used before - a vast alder forest in the wetlands and an island in a reservoir. The possible reasons that made the eagles expand their breeding ranges in the Volga region ofRussia are discussed in this paper Abstrakt V príspevku popisujeme dva prípady hniezdenia orla královského v hniezdach po orlovi hrubozobom a orliakovi morskom, pozorované v Tatárskej republike v Ruskej federácii. Orol královský obsadil, v oboch prípadoch, suboptimálne habitaty, ktoré doteraz takto nevyužíval - rozsiahle slatinné jelšiny a ostrov na vodnej nádrži. V práci rozoberáme možné príciny stojace za rozširovaním hniezdneho areálu druhu v ruskom Povolží.","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79484889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The status and distribution of diurnal raptor bird species were analysed in the south-eastern part of Turkey based on studies and records between 1994 and 2014. Our information about raptor species is very limited in the south-eastern Anatolia Region. The study showed that of 42 diurnal raptor species listed in Turkey, 37 of these species were found in the studied region; 9 of them are certainly, 4 probably and 1 possibly breeding in the area - according to the breeding criteria of the EBCC - while 17 of them were transitory migrating or wintering birds for the region, and the breeding/migratory status of 6 is unknown. Habitats lost and fragmentation related to agricultural intensification together with pesticide applications are the main hazards threatening wildlife including raptors in the region. So as to increase knowledge on raptors in south-eastern Anatolia and evaluate their populations, a coordinated education and research program is essential. Abstrakt Stav a rozšírenie denných druhov dravých vtákov v juhovýchodnej casti Turecka boli vyhodnotené na základe publikovaných prác a vlastných pozorovaní z rokov 1994 až 2014. Informácií o diverzite tejto skupiny je z oblasti juhovýchodnej Anatólie málo. Z výsledkov vyplýva, že zo 42 denných druhov dravých vtákov bolo v regióne zaznamenaných 37 druhov; z toho 9 druhov hniezdicov, 4 pravdepodobných hniezdicov a 1 možný hniezdic - na základe kritérií EBCC, 17 z nich je migrujúcich alebo zimujúcich druhov a hniezdny/migracný status 6 druhov nie je známy. Strata a fragmentácia habitatu súvisiaca s intenzifikáciou polnohospodárstva sprevádzaná aplikáciou pesticídov sú hlavným rizikom ohrozujúcim divo žijúce zvieratá vrátane denných dravých vtákov v regióne. Na získanie detailnejších poznatkov o populáciách denných dravcov juhovýchodnej Anatólie je ale potrebná koordinovaná osveta a další výskum.
基于1994 - 2014年的研究和记录，分析了土耳其东南部昼夜活动的猛禽种类的现状和分布。我们关于安纳托利亚东南部地区猛禽种类的信息非常有限。研究表明，土耳其共有42种昼行性猛禽，其中37种是在该地区发现的;根据EBCC的繁殖标准，其中9只确定在该地区繁殖，4只可能在该地区繁殖，1只可能在该地区繁殖，17只为该地区的短暂候鸟或越冬鸟，6只的繁殖/迁徙状况未知。与农业集约化有关的栖息地丧失和破碎化以及农药的使用是威胁该地区包括猛禽在内的野生动物的主要危害。为了增加对安纳托利亚东南部猛禽的了解并评估它们的数量，一个协调的教育和研究项目是必不可少的。摘要Stav a rozšírenie denných druhov dravých vtákov v juhovýchodnej casti Turecka boli vyhodnoten na základe publikovaných prác a vlastných pozorovaní z rokov 1994 azov 2014。Informácií o diverzite tejto skupiny je z oblasti juhovýchodnej Anatólie málo。Z výsledkov vyplýva， že zo 42 denných druhov dravých vtákov bolo v regióne zaznamenaných 37 druhov;z toho 9 druhov hniezdicov, 4 pravdepodobných hniezdicov a 1 možný hniezdicov - na základe kritérií EBCC, 17 z nich je migrujúcich alebo zimujúcich druhov a hniezdny/migracný status 6 druhov nie je známy。Strata a fragmentácia habitatu súvisiaca s intenzifikáciou polnohospodárstva sprevádzaná aplikáciou pesticídov sú hlavným rizikom ohrozujúcim divo žijúce zvierat vrátane denných dravých vtákov v regióne。Na získanie detailnejších poznatkov o populáciách denných dravcov juhovýchodnej Anatólie je ale potrebn koordinovanoveta a další výskum。
{"title":"Current status and distribution of diurnal raptor species in the south-eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey","authors":"Recep Karakaș","doi":"10.1515/srj-2015-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/srj-2015-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The status and distribution of diurnal raptor bird species were analysed in the south-eastern part of Turkey based on studies and records between 1994 and 2014. Our information about raptor species is very limited in the south-eastern Anatolia Region. The study showed that of 42 diurnal raptor species listed in Turkey, 37 of these species were found in the studied region; 9 of them are certainly, 4 probably and 1 possibly breeding in the area - according to the breeding criteria of the EBCC - while 17 of them were transitory migrating or wintering birds for the region, and the breeding/migratory status of 6 is unknown. Habitats lost and fragmentation related to agricultural intensification together with pesticide applications are the main hazards threatening wildlife including raptors in the region. So as to increase knowledge on raptors in south-eastern Anatolia and evaluate their populations, a coordinated education and research program is essential. Abstrakt Stav a rozšírenie denných druhov dravých vtákov v juhovýchodnej casti Turecka boli vyhodnotené na základe publikovaných prác a vlastných pozorovaní z rokov 1994 až 2014. Informácií o diverzite tejto skupiny je z oblasti juhovýchodnej Anatólie málo. Z výsledkov vyplýva, že zo 42 denných druhov dravých vtákov bolo v regióne zaznamenaných 37 druhov; z toho 9 druhov hniezdicov, 4 pravdepodobných hniezdicov a 1 možný hniezdic - na základe kritérií EBCC, 17 z nich je migrujúcich alebo zimujúcich druhov a hniezdny/migracný status 6 druhov nie je známy. Strata a fragmentácia habitatu súvisiaca s intenzifikáciou polnohospodárstva sprevádzaná aplikáciou pesticídov sú hlavným rizikom ohrozujúcim divo žijúce zvieratá vrátane denných dravých vtákov v regióne. Na získanie detailnejších poznatkov o populáciách denných dravcov juhovýchodnej Anatólie je ale potrebná koordinovaná osveta a další výskum.","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76448033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Bergmanis, A. Auniņš, Aivars Petriņš, Valdis Cīrulis, Jānis Granāts, Otars Opermanis, A. Soms
Abstract We analysed the population size, population dynamics and reproduction success of the lesser spotted eagle in Latvia from 1988 to 2014. While the overall population did not show a statistically significant trend during any of the periods analysed (long, medium and short term), the populations in the individual study areas changed differently: of five research plots, populations were stable in two, increased in one, and decreased in two research plots. Using the existing research plots as samples of breeding numbers in areas of different breeding density classes based on forest management units, the total breeding population in Latvia was estimated. The overall number of breeding pairs in 2012-2014 was between 3700-4000. During the period 1988-2014, 65.62% of all pairs recorded as present on their home range, made a breeding attempt and laid eggs. The reproductive success ratio was 0.49 young per occupied territory with an adult pair of birds and 0.74 young per breeding pair which laid eggs. Overall, during the 21 -year research period there was a stable long-term trend in reproductive success (young per pair present on home range). Rarely, indeed only in 1 .89% of all cases did two young fledge. The total number of young (young per 100 km2) shows stable long-, medium- and short-term trends with an average value of 5.1 young per 100 km2. Abstrakt Analyzovali sme velkost populácie, populacnú dynamiku a reprodukcnú úspešnost orla kriklavého v Lotyšsku od roku 1988 do roku 2014. Kým velkost populácie ako celku nevykazovala štatisticky významný trend v priebehu žiadneho z analyzovaných období (dlhé, stredné a krátke), velkost populácií v jednotlivých monitorovacích plochách varírovala: z piatich študijných plôch boli populácie stabilné v dvoch, nárast na jednej a pokles na dvoch študijných plochách. Na odhad poctu hniezdiacich párov v Lotyšsku sa použili údaje zo študijných plôch zaradených do tried podla hustoty hniezdnych párov pre lesné hospodárske celky. Celkový pocet hniezdnych párov bol tak v rokoch 2012 - 2014 približne 3700 - 4000. V rokoch 1988 - 2014 zahniezdilo 65,62 % zaznamenaných teritoriálnych párov. Reprodukcná úspešnost bola 0,49 mládata na teritórium obsadené adultným párom a 0,74 mládata na hniezdiaci pár, ktorý zniesol znášku. Celkovo bol pocas 21 rokov výskumu zistený stabilný trend reprodukcnej úspešnosti (t.j. pocet mládat na teritoriálny pár). Hniezdo opustili 2 mládatá len pri 1.89 % hniezdení. Celkový pocet mládat (na 100 km2) vykazoval stabilný dlho-, stredno- a krátkodobý trend a dosahoval hodnotu 5,1 mládata na 100 km2.
摘要分析了1988 - 2014年拉脱维亚小斑点鹰的种群规模、种群动态和繁殖成功率。虽然总体人口在任何分析时期(长期、中期和短期)都没有显示出统计学上显著的趋势，但个别研究区域的人口变化不同:在五个研究地块中，人口在两个研究地块中保持稳定，在一个研究地块中增加，在两个研究地块中减少。利用现有研究样地作为基于森林管理单位的不同繁殖密度等级地区的繁殖数量样本，估计了拉脱维亚的总繁殖种群。2012-2014年繁殖对总数在3700-4000对之间。在1988-2014年期间，65.62%的成对记录出现在其家乡范围内，进行了繁殖尝试并产卵。成鸟的繁殖成功率为0.49只/领地，产卵的繁殖成功率为0.74只/繁殖对。总的来说，在21年的研究期间，在繁殖成功方面有一个稳定的长期趋势(每对在家庭范围内出现的幼崽)。很少，实际上只有1.89%的病例中有两只幼鸟。青苗总数(每100平方公里青苗数)呈现稳定的长、中、短期趋势，平均值为5.1青苗/ 100平方公里。全文:pdf (483 kb)摘要:分析velkost populácie, populacnú dynamiku和reprodukcnú úspešnost orla kriklavsamho v Lotyšsku od roku 1988 do roku 2014。Kym velkost populacie赤穗celku nevykazovalaštatisticky vyznamny趋势v priebehužiadneho z analyzovanych obdobi (dlhe, stredne kratke), velkost populacii v jednotlivych monitorovacich plochach varirovala: z piatichštudijnych ploch勃利populacie stabilne v dvoch narast一pokles na na jednej dvochštudijnych plochach。Na odhad poctu hniezdiacich párov v Lotyšsku sa použili údaje zo študijných plôch zaradených do try podla hustoty hniezdnych párov prelesn hospodárske celky。Celkový pocet hniezdnych párov bol tak v rokoch 2012 - 2014 približne 3700 - 4000。V rokoch 1988 - 2014 zahniezdilo 65, 62% zaznamenaných teritoriálnych párov。redukcn úspešnost bola 0,49 mládata na teritórium obsaden adultným párom a 0,74 mládata na hniezdiaci pár, ktorý zniesol znášku。Celkovo bol pocas 21 rokov výskumu zistený stabilný trend reduknej úspešnosti (t.j. pocet mládat na teritoriálny pár)。neiezdo opustili 2 mládatá len pri 1.89% hniezdení。Celkový pocet mládat (na 100 km2) vykazoval stabilný dho -， stredno- krátkodobý趋势a dosahoval hodnotu 5,1 mládata na 100 km2。
{"title":"Population size, dynamics and reproduction success of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) in Latvia","authors":"U. Bergmanis, A. Auniņš, Aivars Petriņš, Valdis Cīrulis, Jānis Granāts, Otars Opermanis, A. Soms","doi":"10.1515/srj-2015-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/srj-2015-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We analysed the population size, population dynamics and reproduction success of the lesser spotted eagle in Latvia from 1988 to 2014. While the overall population did not show a statistically significant trend during any of the periods analysed (long, medium and short term), the populations in the individual study areas changed differently: of five research plots, populations were stable in two, increased in one, and decreased in two research plots. Using the existing research plots as samples of breeding numbers in areas of different breeding density classes based on forest management units, the total breeding population in Latvia was estimated. The overall number of breeding pairs in 2012-2014 was between 3700-4000. During the period 1988-2014, 65.62% of all pairs recorded as present on their home range, made a breeding attempt and laid eggs. The reproductive success ratio was 0.49 young per occupied territory with an adult pair of birds and 0.74 young per breeding pair which laid eggs. Overall, during the 21 -year research period there was a stable long-term trend in reproductive success (young per pair present on home range). Rarely, indeed only in 1 .89% of all cases did two young fledge. The total number of young (young per 100 km2) shows stable long-, medium- and short-term trends with an average value of 5.1 young per 100 km2. Abstrakt Analyzovali sme velkost populácie, populacnú dynamiku a reprodukcnú úspešnost orla kriklavého v Lotyšsku od roku 1988 do roku 2014. Kým velkost populácie ako celku nevykazovala štatisticky významný trend v priebehu žiadneho z analyzovaných období (dlhé, stredné a krátke), velkost populácií v jednotlivých monitorovacích plochách varírovala: z piatich študijných plôch boli populácie stabilné v dvoch, nárast na jednej a pokles na dvoch študijných plochách. Na odhad poctu hniezdiacich párov v Lotyšsku sa použili údaje zo študijných plôch zaradených do tried podla hustoty hniezdnych párov pre lesné hospodárske celky. Celkový pocet hniezdnych párov bol tak v rokoch 2012 - 2014 približne 3700 - 4000. V rokoch 1988 - 2014 zahniezdilo 65,62 % zaznamenaných teritoriálnych párov. Reprodukcná úspešnost bola 0,49 mládata na teritórium obsadené adultným párom a 0,74 mládata na hniezdiaci pár, ktorý zniesol znášku. Celkovo bol pocas 21 rokov výskumu zistený stabilný trend reprodukcnej úspešnosti (t.j. pocet mládat na teritoriálny pár). Hniezdo opustili 2 mládatá len pri 1.89 % hniezdení. Celkový pocet mládat (na 100 km2) vykazoval stabilný dlho-, stredno- a krátkodobý trend a dosahoval hodnotu 5,1 mládata na 100 km2.","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91218886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Dravecký, Boris Maderič, Ján Kicko, Š. Danko, D. Karaska, J. Mihók, Z. Guziová
Abstract In 2011–201 4 monitoring of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) breeding population was conducted in eight special protection areas in Slovakia. From a total of 272 successful breeding attempts by 1 49 breeding pairs during 4 breeding seasons 277 young birds were fledged. The average reproductive success ratio was thus 0.51 juv./pair present, 0.69 juv./breeding pair and 1 .37 juv./1 00 km2. In the surveyed period a total of 1 51 protection zones were established around the nests in 11 9 breeding territories, which provided protection for 1 7% of the breeding population of the lesser spotted eagle in Slovakia. By testing the effectiveness of protection zones it was determined that in nests with an established protection zone the probability of successful raising of young is higher in comparison with nests without such a zone. The probability that breeding will be successful in the nests of breeding pairs without a protection zone was 48.1% (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 37.4–59.0%), and in nests with a protection zone 64.8% (95% CIs: 59.8–69.6%). Among the five most frequent nest tree species used by A. pomarina in Slovakia for breeding are Picea abies 61 × (28.4%), Pinus sylvestris 45× (20.9%), Quercus sp. 36× (1 6.7%), Fagus sylvatica 25× (11 .6%) and Abies alba 1 8× (8.4%). Among the rarer nest tree species used are Larix decidua 1 2× (5.6%) and Alnus glutinosa 3× (1 .4%), while a further 11 species of nest trees did not achieve even 1%. The highest number of nest trees (n = 21 5), i.e. 34 nests (1 5.8%), was found in the altitude range of 401–450 m a.s.l. and 29 nests (1 3.5%) at 351–400 m a.s.l. Other altitude zones were all below the 1 0% mark. A total of 54% of nests found (11 6 nests) are located in the altitude zone of 301–600 m a.s.l., and 71 nests (33%) in the zone 600–900 m a.s.l. The lowest situated nest was at an altitude of 1 50 m and the highest at 950 m; the average was 595.01 m a.s.l. The highest number of nests (n = 209) were located on trees in a range 1 5.1–20.0 m above the ground (n = 92, 44%), while the lowest nest found was at a height of 5 m and the highest at 30 m above the ground. Abstrakt V rokoch 2011 – 2014 sa realizoval monitoring hniezdnej populácie orla krikľavého (Aquila pomarina) v ôsmich chránených vtáčích územiach na Slovensku. U 149 hniezdnych párov z celkových 272 úspešných hniezdení počas 4 hniezdnych sezón vyletelo 277 mláďat. Priemerná reprodukčná úspešnosť predstavovala 0,51 juv./prítomný pár, 0,69 juv./hniezdiaci pár a 1,37 juv./100 km2. V uvedenom období bolo okolo hniezd orlov krikľavých ustanovených celkom 151 ochranných zón, ktoré zabezpečili ochranu 119 hniezdnych teritórií, čo predstavuje cca 17 % hniezdnej populácie orla krikľavého na Slovensku. Testovaním účinnosti ochranných zón sa zistilo, že v hniezdach s vyhlásenou ochrannou zónou je vyššia pravdepodobnosť úspešného odchovania mláďat v porovnaní s hniezdami bez takejto zóny. Pravdepodobnosť, že hniezdenie bude úspešné v hnie
2011 - 2014年在斯洛伐克8个特殊保护区对小斑鹰(Aquila pomarina)繁殖种群进行了监测。在4个繁殖季节中，共有149对繁殖对进行了272次成功的繁殖尝试，其中277只雏鸟羽化。因此，平均繁殖成功率为0.51幼年。目前，0.69美元。/繁殖对和1.37幼崽。/ 100平方公里。在调查期间，在11个繁殖区域的巢周围共建立了151个保护区，为斯洛伐克小斑鹰17%的繁殖种群提供了保护。通过测试保护区的有效性，确定了在建立保护区的巢穴中，与没有保护区的巢穴相比，成功抚养幼崽的概率更高。无保护区的繁殖对巢繁殖成功率为48.1%(95%置信区间为37.4% ~ 59.0%)，有保护区的繁殖对巢繁殖成功率为64.8%(95%置信区间为59.8% ~ 69.6%)。在斯洛伐克最常见的5种筑巢树种中，云杉61 ×(28.4%)、西洋松45×(20.9%)、栎树36×(1 6.7%)、森林Fagus sylvatica 25×(11.6%)和白冷杉18 ×(8.4%)。在较为罕见的巢树树种中，落叶松(Larix decidua)占5.6%，桤木(Alnus glutinosa)占1.4%，另有11种巢树的利用率甚至不到1%。巢树数最多的是401 ~ 450 m海拔区间的34个(1 5.8%)，351 ~ 400 m海拔区间的29个(1 3.5%)，其他海拔区间的巢树数均低于10%。在海拔301 ~ 600 m区域发现的巢占总数的54%(11 6个)，在海拔600 ~ 900 m区域发现的巢占总数的33%(71个)，巢最低位于海拔150 m，最高位于海拔950 m;平均为595.01 m a.s.l，巢数最多(n = 209)位于离地1 5.1 ~ 20.0 m的树上(n = 92, 44%)，巢数最少(5 m)和最高(30 m)。V rokoch 2011 - 2014 sa实现监测hniezdnej populácie orla krikľavého (Aquila pomarina) V ôsmich chránených vtáčích územiach na Slovensku。U 149 hniezdnych párov z celkových 272 úspešných hniezdení po as 4 hniezdnych sezón vyletelo 277 mláďat。priemern reduk n úspešnosť predstavovala 0,51 juv。/prítomný pár, 0,69 juv。/hniezdiaci pár a 1,37 juv。/ 100平方公里。V uvedenom období bolo okolo hniezd orlov krikľavých ustanovených celkom 151 ochranných zón, ktor zabezpe ili ochranu 119 hniezdnych teritórií， o predstavuje cca 17% hniezdnej populácie orla krikľavého na Slovensku。Testovanim učinnosti ochrannych zon sa zistilože v hniezdach s vyhlasenou ochrannou zonou我vššia pravdepodobnosťuspešneho odchovania mlaď在v porovnani年代hniezdami鹿角的第二叉takejto zony。pravdepodobnosse， že hniezdenie bude úspešné v hniezdach hniezdiacich párov bez ochrannej zóny bola 48.1%(95%置信区间(ci): 37.4-59.0%)， v hniezdach s ochrannou zónou 64.8%(95%置信区间:59.8-69.6%)。Medzi 5 najčastejšie využívaných hniezdnych stromov na hniezdenie a . pomarina na Slovensku patrí云杉61×(28.4%)，森林松45×(20.9%)，栎树36×(16.7%)，森林Fagus sylvatica 25× (11.6%)， alba冷杉18×(8.4%)。Medzi zriedkavejšie druhy hniezdnych stromov patrí落叶松12× (5,6%) a Alnus glutinosa 3× (1,4%)， ďalších 11 druhov hniezdnych stromov nedosiahli 1%。Najvyšší po et hniezdnych stromov (n = 215)， tj。34 hniezd (15.8%) sa nachádzal v intervale nadmorskej výšky 401 - 450 ma 29 hnied (13.5%) v intervale 351 - 400 m n. m. ostatn výškové pásma boli pod hranicou 10%。54% zistených hniezd (116 hniezd) sa nachádza vo výškovom pásme 301 - 600 m n. m, 71 hniezd (33%) v pásme 600 - 900 m n. m. Najnižšie situovanehniezdo bolo v nadmorskej výške 150 m a najvyššie 950 m, priembol 595,01 m。Najvyšší po et hniezd (n = 209) bol na strome umiestnený v rozmedzí 15,1 - 20,0m (n = 92,44,02%)。Najnižšie zisten hniezdo bolo vo výške 5米和najvyššie 30米和zemou。
{"title":"Reproductive success, selected nest characteristics and the effectiveness of establishing protection zones of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) population in Slovakia","authors":"M. Dravecký, Boris Maderič, Ján Kicko, Š. Danko, D. Karaska, J. Mihók, Z. Guziová","doi":"10.1515/srj-2015-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/srj-2015-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2011–201 4 monitoring of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) breeding population was conducted in eight special protection areas in Slovakia. From a total of 272 successful breeding attempts by 1 49 breeding pairs during 4 breeding seasons 277 young birds were fledged. The average reproductive success ratio was thus 0.51 juv./pair present, 0.69 juv./breeding pair and 1 .37 juv./1 00 km2. In the surveyed period a total of 1 51 protection zones were established around the nests in 11 9 breeding territories, which provided protection for 1 7% of the breeding population of the lesser spotted eagle in Slovakia. By testing the effectiveness of protection zones it was determined that in nests with an established protection zone the probability of successful raising of young is higher in comparison with nests without such a zone. The probability that breeding will be successful in the nests of breeding pairs without a protection zone was 48.1% (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 37.4–59.0%), and in nests with a protection zone 64.8% (95% CIs: 59.8–69.6%). Among the five most frequent nest tree species used by A. pomarina in Slovakia for breeding are Picea abies 61 × (28.4%), Pinus sylvestris 45× (20.9%), Quercus sp. 36× (1 6.7%), Fagus sylvatica 25× (11 .6%) and Abies alba 1 8× (8.4%). Among the rarer nest tree species used are Larix decidua 1 2× (5.6%) and Alnus glutinosa 3× (1 .4%), while a further 11 species of nest trees did not achieve even 1%. The highest number of nest trees (n = 21 5), i.e. 34 nests (1 5.8%), was found in the altitude range of 401–450 m a.s.l. and 29 nests (1 3.5%) at 351–400 m a.s.l. Other altitude zones were all below the 1 0% mark. A total of 54% of nests found (11 6 nests) are located in the altitude zone of 301–600 m a.s.l., and 71 nests (33%) in the zone 600–900 m a.s.l. The lowest situated nest was at an altitude of 1 50 m and the highest at 950 m; the average was 595.01 m a.s.l. The highest number of nests (n = 209) were located on trees in a range 1 5.1–20.0 m above the ground (n = 92, 44%), while the lowest nest found was at a height of 5 m and the highest at 30 m above the ground. Abstrakt V rokoch 2011 – 2014 sa realizoval monitoring hniezdnej populácie orla krikľavého (Aquila pomarina) v ôsmich chránených vtáčích územiach na Slovensku. U 149 hniezdnych párov z celkových 272 úspešných hniezdení počas 4 hniezdnych sezón vyletelo 277 mláďat. Priemerná reprodukčná úspešnosť predstavovala 0,51 juv./prítomný pár, 0,69 juv./hniezdiaci pár a 1,37 juv./100 km2. V uvedenom období bolo okolo hniezd orlov krikľavých ustanovených celkom 151 ochranných zón, ktoré zabezpečili ochranu 119 hniezdnych teritórií, čo predstavuje cca 17 % hniezdnej populácie orla krikľavého na Slovensku. Testovaním účinnosti ochranných zón sa zistilo, že v hniezdach s vyhlásenou ochrannou zónou je vyššia pravdepodobnosť úspešného odchovania mláďat v porovnaní s hniezdami bez takejto zóny. Pravdepodobnosť, že hniezdenie bude úspešné v hnie","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80295323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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