Pub Date : 2018-10-03DOI: 10.1080/19357397.2018.1525135
J. Druckman, Sophie Trawalter, Ivonne Montes
ABSTRACT Injured student-athletes rely on university medical staff personnel for care. Do these practitioners exhibit race and/or gender biases in their perceptions of injured student-athletes? While such biases have been widely documented in other medical practitioner populations, they have not been studied in the domain of college athletics. We use a survey experiment conducted on National Collegiate Athletic Association Division 1 medical staff to explore perceptions of an injured student-athlete (e.g. the likelihood of the student-athlete complying with treatment). We find little evidence of bias. We discuss why this population of medical practitioners may differ from others, and we offer suggestions for future work on medical treatment of student-athletes.
{"title":"Unbiased? Race, gender, and sport effects in university medical staff’s perceptions of injured student-athletes","authors":"J. Druckman, Sophie Trawalter, Ivonne Montes","doi":"10.1080/19357397.2018.1525135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2018.1525135","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Injured student-athletes rely on university medical staff personnel for care. Do these practitioners exhibit race and/or gender biases in their perceptions of injured student-athletes? While such biases have been widely documented in other medical practitioner populations, they have not been studied in the domain of college athletics. We use a survey experiment conducted on National Collegiate Athletic Association Division 1 medical staff to explore perceptions of an injured student-athlete (e.g. the likelihood of the student-athlete complying with treatment). We find little evidence of bias. We discuss why this population of medical practitioners may differ from others, and we offer suggestions for future work on medical treatment of student-athletes.","PeriodicalId":56347,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19357397.2018.1525135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45782371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-02DOI: 10.1080/19357397.2018.1525140
L. Judge, J. Petersen, James E. Johnson, D. Bellar, B. Leitzelar, D. Zupin, Nick Nordmann, C. R. Rode
ABSTRACT This study examined athlete academic support services in NCAA Division I schools across three broad areas: 1) program scope and budget, 2) program leadership and staffing, and 3) program facilities and equipment. A secondary purpose was to examine differences in these programs and facilities based upon football status amongst three categories including Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), and non-football Division I schools (NFS). A 48-item survey was developed with expert input to explore academic support programs and facilities. A total of 100 academic support program directors completed the online survey, including 29 FBS, 36 FCS, and 35 NFS institutions dispersed among 31 athletic conferences. Descriptive data for the Division I schools for 21 key variables were determined for the whole sample. Additional ANOVA results identified 18 areas of significant difference based upon football classification regarding athletic-academic support facilities and their leadership, staffing, budget, and facilities.
{"title":"An examination of division I athletic-academic support services facilities and staffing","authors":"L. Judge, J. Petersen, James E. Johnson, D. Bellar, B. Leitzelar, D. Zupin, Nick Nordmann, C. R. Rode","doi":"10.1080/19357397.2018.1525140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2018.1525140","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined athlete academic support services in NCAA Division I schools across three broad areas: 1) program scope and budget, 2) program leadership and staffing, and 3) program facilities and equipment. A secondary purpose was to examine differences in these programs and facilities based upon football status amongst three categories including Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), and non-football Division I schools (NFS). A 48-item survey was developed with expert input to explore academic support programs and facilities. A total of 100 academic support program directors completed the online survey, including 29 FBS, 36 FCS, and 35 NFS institutions dispersed among 31 athletic conferences. Descriptive data for the Division I schools for 21 key variables were determined for the whole sample. Additional ANOVA results identified 18 areas of significant difference based upon football classification regarding athletic-academic support facilities and their leadership, staffing, budget, and facilities.","PeriodicalId":56347,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education","volume":"12 1","pages":"220 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19357397.2018.1525140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42151606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-02DOI: 10.1080/19357397.2018.1525143
D. E. Nowak
ABSTRACT Limited attention has been paid specifically to college athlete gambling in the body of literature. This research article is the first meta-analysis of its type, presenting an up-to-date proportion of those athletes exhibiting gambling pathology as assessed by the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). A thorough literature review and coding procedure yielded data estimates retrieved from 6 studies conducted between 1987 and the present, surveying 2,130 college athletes in the United States. The estimated proportion of probable pathological gamblers among college-athletes was computed at 6.46%. Overall rates of subclinical problem gambling were computed at 8.97%. Statistical significance was found in the influence of the percentage of non-White students on problem gambling rates. The implications of these results as well as recommendations for future practice in dealing with college athletes and disordered gambling on campus are outlined and described in detail for administrators, faculty, university staff, and coaches.
{"title":"A meta-analytical synthesis and examination of pathological and problem gambling rates among college athletes","authors":"D. E. Nowak","doi":"10.1080/19357397.2018.1525143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2018.1525143","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Limited attention has been paid specifically to college athlete gambling in the body of literature. This research article is the first meta-analysis of its type, presenting an up-to-date proportion of those athletes exhibiting gambling pathology as assessed by the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). A thorough literature review and coding procedure yielded data estimates retrieved from 6 studies conducted between 1987 and the present, surveying 2,130 college athletes in the United States. The estimated proportion of probable pathological gamblers among college-athletes was computed at 6.46%. Overall rates of subclinical problem gambling were computed at 8.97%. Statistical significance was found in the influence of the percentage of non-White students on problem gambling rates. The implications of these results as well as recommendations for future practice in dealing with college athletes and disordered gambling on campus are outlined and described in detail for administrators, faculty, university staff, and coaches.","PeriodicalId":56347,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education","volume":"12 1","pages":"240 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19357397.2018.1525143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44191982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-02DOI: 10.1080/19357397.2018.1529651
Kaitlin Rohrs-Cordes, A. Paule-Koba
ABSTRACT Forced early retirement due to a career-ending injury is a unique and traumatic life event for an NCAA collegiate athlete. Although the NCAA financially helps some of these athletes, problems still arise due to inadequate recognition of the psychosocial effects of career-ending injuries. There has been little research to evaluate the effectiveness of a common psychosocial intervention for these athletes. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate if an NCAA-sponsored online support group would help collegiate athletes with career-ending injuries transition out of college sport. Participants were identified using purposive criterion sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with former Division I NCAA collegiate athletes who experienced a career-ending injury. Implications practitioners could use to help ease these athletes’ transition out of sports were identified and a foundation was established for future studies regarding the helpfulness of online support groups for career-ending injured athletes.
{"title":"Evaluation of an NCAA sponsored online support group for career-ending injured collegiate athletes transitioning out of sports","authors":"Kaitlin Rohrs-Cordes, A. Paule-Koba","doi":"10.1080/19357397.2018.1529651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2018.1529651","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Forced early retirement due to a career-ending injury is a unique and traumatic life event for an NCAA collegiate athlete. Although the NCAA financially helps some of these athletes, problems still arise due to inadequate recognition of the psychosocial effects of career-ending injuries. There has been little research to evaluate the effectiveness of a common psychosocial intervention for these athletes. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate if an NCAA-sponsored online support group would help collegiate athletes with career-ending injuries transition out of college sport. Participants were identified using purposive criterion sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with former Division I NCAA collegiate athletes who experienced a career-ending injury. Implications practitioners could use to help ease these athletes’ transition out of sports were identified and a foundation was established for future studies regarding the helpfulness of online support groups for career-ending injured athletes.","PeriodicalId":56347,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education","volume":"12 1","pages":"200 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19357397.2018.1529651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41532428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-02DOI: 10.1080/19357397.2018.1525133
C. Anthony, Jacqueline M. Swank
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine identity development for Black college student-athletes (N = 98) at the Division 1 Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The results revealed that (a) identity achievement status was best predicted by gender, (b) athletic identity levels were not significantly different based on gender, (c) Black males were more likely to be foreclosed than Black females, and (d) there was a positive relationship between racial identity and athletic identity. The authors also discuss implications for practice and recommendations for future research.
{"title":"Black college student-athletes: Examining the intersection of gender, and racial identity and athletic identity","authors":"C. Anthony, Jacqueline M. Swank","doi":"10.1080/19357397.2018.1525133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2018.1525133","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine identity development for Black college student-athletes (N = 98) at the Division 1 Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The results revealed that (a) identity achievement status was best predicted by gender, (b) athletic identity levels were not significantly different based on gender, (c) Black males were more likely to be foreclosed than Black females, and (d) there was a positive relationship between racial identity and athletic identity. The authors also discuss implications for practice and recommendations for future research.","PeriodicalId":56347,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education","volume":"12 1","pages":"179 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19357397.2018.1525133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47976911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-02DOI: 10.1080/19357397.2018.1525151
Matthew A. Starcke, R. Crandall
ABSTRACT This study uses ten years of football team data from NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) institutions to explore the academic impact of intercollegiate football playoff participation. Fixed effects regression analyses of panel data spanning the 2003–04 to 2013–14 academic years show participation in three weeks of postseason play has a negative effect on fall team GPA, though an extremely small sample size elicits concerns regarding generalizability. In contrast, analyses of Academic Progress Rate (APR), the NCAA metric for student-athlete team academic success, reveals teams participating in three weeks of playoffs contention have higher APR scores than teams not competing. The study also compares results produced through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and fixed effects regression analyses.
{"title":"The academic impact of participating in college football playoff games","authors":"Matthew A. Starcke, R. Crandall","doi":"10.1080/19357397.2018.1525151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2018.1525151","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study uses ten years of football team data from NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) institutions to explore the academic impact of intercollegiate football playoff participation. Fixed effects regression analyses of panel data spanning the 2003–04 to 2013–14 academic years show participation in three weeks of postseason play has a negative effect on fall team GPA, though an extremely small sample size elicits concerns regarding generalizability. In contrast, analyses of Academic Progress Rate (APR), the NCAA metric for student-athlete team academic success, reveals teams participating in three weeks of playoffs contention have higher APR scores than teams not competing. The study also compares results produced through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and fixed effects regression analyses.","PeriodicalId":56347,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education","volume":"12 1","pages":"258 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19357397.2018.1525151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44853862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/19357397.2018.1476005
Michael M. Barger, Miray D. Seward
ABSTRACT Student-athletes balance two demanding roles as students and athletes. The current study tested whether student-athletes that saw these roles as merged (i.e. merged identity) were more likely to have similar motivation for school and sport. Collegiate student-athletes (N = 76) completed online surveys assessing merged identity (using a novel measure with pictorial and open-ended response elements) and achievement goals. Cluster analyses identified students with similar motivational profiles in academics and athletics. Students higher on the merged identity measure were more likely to report matching motivational profiles. Results shed light on the role identity plays in student-athletes’ motivation across domains.
{"title":"Merged identity of student-athletes and achievement goals across school and sport","authors":"Michael M. Barger, Miray D. Seward","doi":"10.1080/19357397.2018.1476005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2018.1476005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Student-athletes balance two demanding roles as students and athletes. The current study tested whether student-athletes that saw these roles as merged (i.e. merged identity) were more likely to have similar motivation for school and sport. Collegiate student-athletes (N = 76) completed online surveys assessing merged identity (using a novel measure with pictorial and open-ended response elements) and achievement goals. Cluster analyses identified students with similar motivational profiles in academics and athletics. Students higher on the merged identity measure were more likely to report matching motivational profiles. Results shed light on the role identity plays in student-athletes’ motivation across domains.","PeriodicalId":56347,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education","volume":"12 1","pages":"75 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19357397.2018.1476005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44657121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/19357397.2018.1477278
Russell B. Toomey, C. McGeorge, T. Carlson
ABSTRACT Young athletes are engaging in sports in an ever-evolving environment where larger discourses and public opinion polls suggest that attitudes toward sexual and gender minorities (SGM) are becoming more tolerant and affirming. In this mixed-methods study, we examined 151 heterosexual college student athletes’ perceptions of the sports climate for SGM athletes and their own self-reported intervention in SGM-related prejudice in sports. Consistent with studies with SGM-identified athlete samples, participants reported high levels of SGM-related bias in the collegiate sporting context. Although participants reported fairly high levels of personally accepting attitudes toward SGM people, few reported intervening in SGM-related bias. Athletes’ affirming personal beliefs about SGM populations were associated with a greater likelihood of intervening in SGM-related bias, whereas perceptions of a heterosexist sports climate were associated with a lower likelihood of intervening.
{"title":"Athletes’ perceptions of the climate for sexual and gender minority athletes and their intervention in bias","authors":"Russell B. Toomey, C. McGeorge, T. Carlson","doi":"10.1080/19357397.2018.1477278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2018.1477278","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Young athletes are engaging in sports in an ever-evolving environment where larger discourses and public opinion polls suggest that attitudes toward sexual and gender minorities (SGM) are becoming more tolerant and affirming. In this mixed-methods study, we examined 151 heterosexual college student athletes’ perceptions of the sports climate for SGM athletes and their own self-reported intervention in SGM-related prejudice in sports. Consistent with studies with SGM-identified athlete samples, participants reported high levels of SGM-related bias in the collegiate sporting context. Although participants reported fairly high levels of personally accepting attitudes toward SGM people, few reported intervening in SGM-related bias. Athletes’ affirming personal beliefs about SGM populations were associated with a greater likelihood of intervening in SGM-related bias, whereas perceptions of a heterosexist sports climate were associated with a lower likelihood of intervening.","PeriodicalId":56347,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education","volume":"12 1","pages":"133 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19357397.2018.1477278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45306869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/19357397.2018.1483867
Meghan E. Pfeiffer, M. Misawa
ABSTRACT The purpose of the phenomenological study was to understand how lesbian student-athletes experience academic and sport environments at a Division I institution in the Southeast region of the United States. Due to the dearth tamount of research that captures the lesbian student-athlete experience in higher education, the research explored current lesbian Division I student-athletes’ experiences of support and strategies used to persist in both environments. Additionally, the research sought to gain resource recommendations from participants to make environments continuously and/or growingly inclusive. Seven participants who attend a Division I institution were interviewed using a semi-structured interview process. Using a phenomenological lens, interviews were hand-coded and thematic analysis pinpointed two themes: (1) Support and (2) Survival Strategies. While experiences of the participants varied, a consensus among the participants calls for increased support from campus and athletic departments. Implications for practice, resource recommendations, and implications for future research will be addressed.
{"title":"The conceptualization of resources for lesbian student-athletes to promote inclusive environments in division I institutions","authors":"Meghan E. Pfeiffer, M. Misawa","doi":"10.1080/19357397.2018.1483867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2018.1483867","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of the phenomenological study was to understand how lesbian student-athletes experience academic and sport environments at a Division I institution in the Southeast region of the United States. Due to the dearth tamount of research that captures the lesbian student-athlete experience in higher education, the research explored current lesbian Division I student-athletes’ experiences of support and strategies used to persist in both environments. Additionally, the research sought to gain resource recommendations from participants to make environments continuously and/or growingly inclusive. Seven participants who attend a Division I institution were interviewed using a semi-structured interview process. Using a phenomenological lens, interviews were hand-coded and thematic analysis pinpointed two themes: (1) Support and (2) Survival Strategies. While experiences of the participants varied, a consensus among the participants calls for increased support from campus and athletic departments. Implications for practice, resource recommendations, and implications for future research will be addressed.","PeriodicalId":56347,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education","volume":"12 1","pages":"155 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19357397.2018.1483867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45222192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/19357397.2018.1476011
S. Maberry
ABSTRACT Guided by toxic jock theory and achievement goal theory, the purpose of this study was to examine goal orientations and sport identities as predictors of risky sexual behavior. The participants (N = 445; 52.3% male, 47.5% female) were college students who reported playing organized sports regularly (at least once or twice a week) in high school. Logistic regression was used to combine jock identity and ego orientation to predict risky sexual behavior. Findings suggested toxic jock theory and achievement goal theory do not intersect to moderate risky sexual behaviors; however, achievement goal theory might be used as a mechanism to moderate risky sexual behaviors. Gender also emerged as a significant predictor; however, not in the expected direction. In this study, females were more likely than males to engage in risky sexual behavior. Implications were provided for future research based on the findings of this study.
{"title":"Goal orientation, sport identities, and risky sexual behavior","authors":"S. Maberry","doi":"10.1080/19357397.2018.1476011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2018.1476011","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Guided by toxic jock theory and achievement goal theory, the purpose of this study was to examine goal orientations and sport identities as predictors of risky sexual behavior. The participants (N = 445; 52.3% male, 47.5% female) were college students who reported playing organized sports regularly (at least once or twice a week) in high school. Logistic regression was used to combine jock identity and ego orientation to predict risky sexual behavior. Findings suggested toxic jock theory and achievement goal theory do not intersect to moderate risky sexual behaviors; however, achievement goal theory might be used as a mechanism to moderate risky sexual behaviors. Gender also emerged as a significant predictor; however, not in the expected direction. In this study, females were more likely than males to engage in risky sexual behavior. Implications were provided for future research based on the findings of this study.","PeriodicalId":56347,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education","volume":"12 1","pages":"113 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19357397.2018.1476011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45051542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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