Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c79
Priyanka Yadav, Shalini Jain, S. Nimesh, Nidhi Gupta, Sreemoyee Chatterjee
Grewia tenax plant possesses many medicinal qualities that can be harnessed for bio-applications via nanotechnology in a cost-effective and environment-friendly manner. The synthesised silver nanoparticles (GTB-AgNPs) from Grewia tenax bark extract were first detected by observing the change in colour from yellowish brown to dark brown and confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy. UV–vis spectral analysis recorded the surface plasmon resonance at 420 nm. In the current research, several process parameters (time, temperature, concentration of AgNO3 and the ratio of extract to AgNO3) were adjusted by using one variable at a time (OVAT) approach. Spectroscopy accompanied by dynamic light scattering (DLS), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) determines the size, nature, morphological variations and chemical constituents of GTB-AgNPs. The size range was found within 35−45 nm and the image clearly showed that the GTB-AgNPs were spherical in shape and well dispersed in nature. Zeta potential and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were done to analyse GTB-AgNPs stability, dispersion and the biomolecules in aqueous bark extract liable for the bioreduction of silver particles. These GTB-AgNPs showed excellent antibacterial action against Gram-positive (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) which was observed by disc diffusion assay. Congo red agar plate (CRA) assay effectively unveiled the antibiofilm proficiency of the particles. These studies displayed a reduction in bacterial sustainability and the formation of exopolysaccharides. Disc diffusion assay confirmed the antifungal competency against A. niger and C. albicans. SEM was performed to elucidate the intracellular breakage and morphological transformations in cells of Gram-positive bacteria and fungi after treatment with GTB-AgNPs. The current study, therefore, enlightened applications of GTB-AgNPs as an efficient antimicrobial agent and applicable substitute in the pharmaceutical area.
{"title":"Grewia tenax bark extract mediated silver nanoparticles as an antibacterial, antibiofilm and antifungal agent","authors":"Priyanka Yadav, Shalini Jain, S. Nimesh, Nidhi Gupta, Sreemoyee Chatterjee","doi":"10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c79","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Grewia tenax plant possesses many medicinal qualities that can be harnessed for bio-applications via nanotechnology in a cost-effective and environment-friendly manner. The synthesised silver nanoparticles (GTB-AgNPs) from Grewia tenax bark extract were first detected by observing the change in colour from yellowish brown to dark brown and confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy. UV–vis spectral analysis recorded the surface plasmon resonance at 420 nm. In the current research, several process parameters (time, temperature, concentration of AgNO3 and the ratio of extract to AgNO3) were adjusted by using one variable at a time (OVAT) approach. Spectroscopy accompanied by dynamic light scattering (DLS), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) determines the size, nature, morphological variations and chemical constituents of GTB-AgNPs. The size range was found within 35−45 nm and the image clearly showed that the GTB-AgNPs were spherical in shape and well dispersed in nature. Zeta potential and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were done to analyse GTB-AgNPs stability, dispersion and the biomolecules in aqueous bark extract liable for the bioreduction of silver particles. These GTB-AgNPs showed excellent antibacterial action against Gram-positive (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) which was observed by disc diffusion assay. Congo red agar plate (CRA) assay effectively unveiled the antibiofilm proficiency of the particles. These studies displayed a reduction in bacterial sustainability and the formation of exopolysaccharides. Disc diffusion assay confirmed the antifungal competency against A. niger and C. albicans. SEM was performed to elucidate the intracellular breakage and morphological transformations in cells of Gram-positive bacteria and fungi after treatment with GTB-AgNPs. The current study, therefore, enlightened applications of GTB-AgNPs as an efficient antimicrobial agent and applicable substitute in the pharmaceutical area.","PeriodicalId":56371,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","volume":"468 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140281572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c7f
T. Do, Duc Toan Nguyen, Truong Giang Ho, Hong Thai Giang, Quang Ngan Pham, T. Nghiem, Trung Hieu Nguyen, Minh Tan Man
A hydrothermal method was used to synthesise WO3 nanotubes, which were analysed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and UV–Vis spectroscopy for morphological, structural, and optical properties. TEM revealed nanotubes several micrometers long with a diameter of 10–15 nm. These nanotubes effectively removed Rhodamine B (RhB) and Cr(VI) under visible light. The high photocatalytic efficiency of obtained WO3 material was attributed to the large surface area provided by the unique configuration in the form of nanotubes. The study identified reactive species through scavenger tests and proposed a photocatalytic mechanism. This approach offers efficient photocatalysts for the simultaneous sunlight-driven degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewater.
{"title":"Mechanism of simultaneous photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and Cr(VI) under visible light using WO3 nanotubes","authors":"T. Do, Duc Toan Nguyen, Truong Giang Ho, Hong Thai Giang, Quang Ngan Pham, T. Nghiem, Trung Hieu Nguyen, Minh Tan Man","doi":"10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c7f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c7f","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A hydrothermal method was used to synthesise WO3 nanotubes, which were analysed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and UV–Vis spectroscopy for morphological, structural, and optical properties. TEM revealed nanotubes several micrometers long with a diameter of 10–15 nm. These nanotubes effectively removed Rhodamine B (RhB) and Cr(VI) under visible light. The high photocatalytic efficiency of obtained WO3 material was attributed to the large surface area provided by the unique configuration in the form of nanotubes. The study identified reactive species through scavenger tests and proposed a photocatalytic mechanism. This approach offers efficient photocatalysts for the simultaneous sunlight-driven degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewater.","PeriodicalId":56371,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","volume":"60 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140272904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c7a
Ashika Alex, Tina Sara Biju, Arul Prakash Francis, V. Veeraraghavan, R. Gayathri, K. Sankaran
In recent years, the interest in environmentally friendly and sustainable methods for producing nanoparticles has grown significantly due to their potential benefits. Among these nanoparticles, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained attention for their potential applications in biomedicine. This research sheds light on the feasibility of eco-friendly synthesis approaches for generating quercetin-coated selenium nanoparticles (DQSN) and their potential applications in the field of biomedicine. The main objective of this study is to develop a green synthesis technique for SeNPs using Diospyros ebenum extract as a natural reducing agent and quercetin as a capping agent. The synthesised nanoparticles were subjected to a range of characterisation techniques including UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. The antioxidant assay was employed to evaluate nanoparticle’s bioactivity. The results revealed the successful synthesis of DQSN with comprehensive characterisation confirming their morphology, crystallinity, functionalisation, elemental composition, size, and stability. In vitro, bioactivity studies demonstrated substantial antioxidant activity through DPPH radical scavenging. These findings underscore the potential utility of DQSN as promising candidates for biomedical applications; however, further extensive investigations are essential to ascertain their complete efficacy and toxicity profiles.
{"title":"Quercetin-coated biogenic selenium nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and in-vitro antioxidant study","authors":"Ashika Alex, Tina Sara Biju, Arul Prakash Francis, V. Veeraraghavan, R. Gayathri, K. Sankaran","doi":"10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c7a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c7a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent years, the interest in environmentally friendly and sustainable methods for producing nanoparticles has grown significantly due to their potential benefits. Among these nanoparticles, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained attention for their potential applications in biomedicine. This research sheds light on the feasibility of eco-friendly synthesis approaches for generating quercetin-coated selenium nanoparticles (DQSN) and their potential applications in the field of biomedicine. The main objective of this study is to develop a green synthesis technique for SeNPs using Diospyros ebenum extract as a natural reducing agent and quercetin as a capping agent. The synthesised nanoparticles were subjected to a range of characterisation techniques including UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. The antioxidant assay was employed to evaluate nanoparticle’s bioactivity. The results revealed the successful synthesis of DQSN with comprehensive characterisation confirming their morphology, crystallinity, functionalisation, elemental composition, size, and stability. In vitro, bioactivity studies demonstrated substantial antioxidant activity through DPPH radical scavenging. These findings underscore the potential utility of DQSN as promising candidates for biomedical applications; however, further extensive investigations are essential to ascertain their complete efficacy and toxicity profiles.","PeriodicalId":56371,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","volume":" 844","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140091934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c7e
F. Azim, N. K. Lam, H. Pokhrel, S. R. Mishra, S. D. Pollard
Manganese oxide has emerged as a promising material for use as a charge storage electrode material. In this work, we demonstrate the low-pressure chemical vapour deposition (CVD) growth of manganese oxide conformal coatings on Ni-foams utilising an MnCl2 solid source precursor, utilising an oxide formed on the surface of the Ni-foam as an oxygen reservoir for the synthesis of a predominantly MnO x layer. The resulting MnO x layer is highly dependent on sample pre-treatment, owing to modifications in the Ni oxide layer. The phase structure, electronic states, morphology, and electrochemical analysis were determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning-electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements. The importance of the oxide layer is demonstrated by modifying the thickness of the NiO layer over the Ni foam, with clear changes in the resultant structure, morphology, and areal capacitance, with the highest performance MnO x coating found to be obtained without any oxide removal from the Ni foam substrate.
氧化锰已成为一种很有前途的电荷存储电极材料。在这项工作中，我们展示了利用 MnCl2 固体源前驱体在镍泡沫上低压化学气相沉积（CVD）生长氧化锰保形涂层的过程，利用镍泡沫表面形成的氧化物作为氧气库，合成主要的 MnO x 层。由于镍氧化物层的改变，所产生的 MnO x 层在很大程度上取决于样品的预处理。通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS)、场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FE-SEM) 和电容电压 (CV) 测量，确定了相结构、电子状态、形态和电化学分析。通过改变镍泡沫上氧化镍层的厚度，氧化层的重要性得到了证明，由此产生的结构、形态和等效电容都发生了明显的变化，在没有从镍泡沫基底上去除任何氧化物的情况下获得了最高性能的 MnO x 涂层。
{"title":"The effect of nickel oxide in the direct growth of MnOx on Ni foam by chemical vapor deposition","authors":"F. Azim, N. K. Lam, H. Pokhrel, S. R. Mishra, S. D. Pollard","doi":"10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c7e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c7e","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Manganese oxide has emerged as a promising material for use as a charge storage electrode material. In this work, we demonstrate the low-pressure chemical vapour deposition (CVD) growth of manganese oxide conformal coatings on Ni-foams utilising an MnCl2 solid source precursor, utilising an oxide formed on the surface of the Ni-foam as an oxygen reservoir for the synthesis of a predominantly MnO\u0000 x\u0000 layer. The resulting MnO\u0000 x\u0000 layer is highly dependent on sample pre-treatment, owing to modifications in the Ni oxide layer. The phase structure, electronic states, morphology, and electrochemical analysis were determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning-electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements. The importance of the oxide layer is demonstrated by modifying the thickness of the NiO layer over the Ni foam, with clear changes in the resultant structure, morphology, and areal capacitance, with the highest performance MnO\u0000 x\u0000 coating found to be obtained without any oxide removal from the Ni foam substrate.","PeriodicalId":56371,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","volume":"256 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140275546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1088/2043-6262/ad2dc4
Hong Phuoc Phan, Manh Hung Chu, Van Duy Nguyen, D. Nguyen, Manh Hung Nguyen, N. Nguyen, V. Nguyen
In this study, we use the chemical vapour deposition trapping method to grow various one-dimensional (1D) indium oxide (In2O3) nanostructures, namely nanorods (NRs), nanoneedles (NNs), and nanowires (NWs). The structural and morphological characteristics of the synthesised nanostructures are analysed using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. By comparing the morphology of In2O3 under different growth conditions with previous research findings, we investigate the growth mechanism and the role of gold catalysts. The In2O3 sensor presented a good selection for C2H5OH gas. The NWs-based sensor exhibits a superior response and faster response-recovery rates (50%, and 49 s/343 s) in comparison to the NRs- (45%, and 35 s/339 s) and NNs-based sensors (8%, and 70 s/496 s) when exposed to 200 ppm C2H5OH at 400 °C. Besides, the sensors exhibited good stability under the switch-off reversible cycle. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model was effectively used in classifying target gases such as 25–200 ppm C2H5OH, NH3, and CO at the temperature of 350 °C–450 °C. We attribute the NWs-based sensor’s better gas-sensing performance to its favourable morphology for gas diffusion and modulation of depletion depth.
{"title":"On-chip growth of one-dimensional In2O3 nanostructures by vapor trapping method and their comparative gas-sensing performance","authors":"Hong Phuoc Phan, Manh Hung Chu, Van Duy Nguyen, D. Nguyen, Manh Hung Nguyen, N. Nguyen, V. Nguyen","doi":"10.1088/2043-6262/ad2dc4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ad2dc4","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, we use the chemical vapour deposition trapping method to grow various one-dimensional (1D) indium oxide (In2O3) nanostructures, namely nanorods (NRs), nanoneedles (NNs), and nanowires (NWs). The structural and morphological characteristics of the synthesised nanostructures are analysed using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. By comparing the morphology of In2O3 under different growth conditions with previous research findings, we investigate the growth mechanism and the role of gold catalysts. The In2O3 sensor presented a good selection for C2H5OH gas. The NWs-based sensor exhibits a superior response and faster response-recovery rates (50%, and 49 s/343 s) in comparison to the NRs- (45%, and 35 s/339 s) and NNs-based sensors (8%, and 70 s/496 s) when exposed to 200 ppm C2H5OH at 400 °C. Besides, the sensors exhibited good stability under the switch-off reversible cycle. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model was effectively used in classifying target gases such as 25–200 ppm C2H5OH, NH3, and CO at the temperature of 350 °C–450 °C. We attribute the NWs-based sensor’s better gas-sensing performance to its favourable morphology for gas diffusion and modulation of depletion depth.","PeriodicalId":56371,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140275675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c7b
J. Venkatas, Moganavelli Singh
Nanotechnology has paved the way for novel treatment strategies for diseases such as cancer. While chemical synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) can introduce toxic and expensive reducing reagents, green synthesis offers an alternative with dual reducing and capping properties. Curcumin exhibits favourable pharmacological properties, enabling synergism with the therapeutic cargo. This study aimed to compare green and chemically synthesised gold NPs for the delivery of FLuc-mRNA in vitro. Chemical and green synthesised AuNPs were produced using trisodium citrate and curcumin, respectively, and functionalised with poly-L-lysine (PLL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The NP:mRNA nanocomplexes were characterised using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and UV–visible spectroscopy. Various mRNA binding studies assessed the optimal mRNA binding, compaction, and protection of the mRNA. All AuNPs were small (<150 nm) and had good colloidal stability, mRNA binding, and protection. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay showed favourable cell viability, with significant transgene expression noted using the luciferase reporter gene assay. Higher transfection was achieved in the human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) than in the breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Both chemically and curcumin-synthesised AuNPs displayed similar activity in all cells, with curcumin-capped AuNPs marginally better at the same concentration.
{"title":"Chemical and green synthesis of gold nanoparticles for mRNA delivery in vitro","authors":"J. Venkatas, Moganavelli Singh","doi":"10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c7b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ad2c7b","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nanotechnology has paved the way for novel treatment strategies for diseases such as cancer. While chemical synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) can introduce toxic and expensive reducing reagents, green synthesis offers an alternative with dual reducing and capping properties. Curcumin exhibits favourable pharmacological properties, enabling synergism with the therapeutic cargo. This study aimed to compare green and chemically synthesised gold NPs for the delivery of FLuc-mRNA in vitro. Chemical and green synthesised AuNPs were produced using trisodium citrate and curcumin, respectively, and functionalised with poly-L-lysine (PLL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The NP:mRNA nanocomplexes were characterised using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and UV–visible spectroscopy. Various mRNA binding studies assessed the optimal mRNA binding, compaction, and protection of the mRNA. All AuNPs were small (<150 nm) and had good colloidal stability, mRNA binding, and protection. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay showed favourable cell viability, with significant transgene expression noted using the luciferase reporter gene assay. Higher transfection was achieved in the human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) than in the breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Both chemically and curcumin-synthesised AuNPs displayed similar activity in all cells, with curcumin-capped AuNPs marginally better at the same concentration.","PeriodicalId":56371,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140087767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1088/2043-6262/ad2dc5
F. J. Chao-Mujica, Angel Luis Corcho-Valdes, Ivan Padron-Ramirez, Josue Ponce de Leon -Cabrera, L. Hernandez-Tabares, M. Antuch, L. Desdin-Garcia
Submerged arc discharge in water (SADW) is one of the most effective methods for the synthesis of high-quality carbon nanostructures (CNSs). Despite the numerous published studies on SADW, systematic data on yield is still lacking. The SADW runs as a succession of stable and unstable zones, but the influence of these zones on its yield has not yet been explored. The CNSs were synthesised in a SADW facility with a micro-positioning system controlled by current feedback, stabilisation via ballast resistance, and data recorded by a five-parameter correlated measurement system. The synthesis products were characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) adsorption isotherms. In this study, an approach is presented to determine the SADW yield by analysing the correlation between the process parameters recorded with the experimental setup and gravimetric measurements. In the work, the relationship between the formation of the different CNSs and the stable and unstable zones is discussed. The yield was determined at a current of 30 A, which is considered the optimal current for CNSs synthesis, and the estimation obtained indicates that it is in the range of 1%–1.3%. The energy consumption to produce CNSs was assessed to be around 80 kJ.mg−1. The results obtained contribute to clarifying some of the factors that influence yield and how to optimise it. This work provides a useful reference point for future work associated with CNS synthesis using SADW.
{"title":"Detailed yield assessment of carbon nanostructures synthesized by submerged arc discharge in water","authors":"F. J. Chao-Mujica, Angel Luis Corcho-Valdes, Ivan Padron-Ramirez, Josue Ponce de Leon -Cabrera, L. Hernandez-Tabares, M. Antuch, L. Desdin-Garcia","doi":"10.1088/2043-6262/ad2dc5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ad2dc5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Submerged arc discharge in water (SADW) is one of the most effective methods for the synthesis of high-quality carbon nanostructures (CNSs). Despite the numerous published studies on SADW, systematic data on yield is still lacking. The SADW runs as a succession of stable and unstable zones, but the influence of these zones on its yield has not yet been explored. The CNSs were synthesised in a SADW facility with a micro-positioning system controlled by current feedback, stabilisation via ballast resistance, and data recorded by a five-parameter correlated measurement system. The synthesis products were characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) adsorption isotherms. In this study, an approach is presented to determine the SADW yield by analysing the correlation between the process parameters recorded with the experimental setup and gravimetric measurements. In the work, the relationship between the formation of the different CNSs and the stable and unstable zones is discussed. The yield was determined at a current of 30 A, which is considered the optimal current for CNSs synthesis, and the estimation obtained indicates that it is in the range of 1%–1.3%. The energy consumption to produce CNSs was assessed to be around 80 kJ.mg−1. The results obtained contribute to clarifying some of the factors that influence yield and how to optimise it. This work provides a useful reference point for future work associated with CNS synthesis using SADW.","PeriodicalId":56371,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140283313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1088/2043-6262/ad08a0
Viet Huong Nguyen, Hang Tran Thi My, Huong T.T. Ta, Kha Anh Vuong, Hoai Hue Nguyen, Thien Thanh Nguyen, Ngoc Linh Nguyen, Hao Van Bui
Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical study on electron mobility in highly doped polycrystalline SnO 2 thin films, a widely employed material in modern devices. Our physical model incorporates phonon-electron interaction, ionised impurity, and grain boundaries as scattering mechanisms, effectively explaining the temperature and electron density-dependent variation of electron mobility in doped polycrystalline SnO 2 thin films. We highlight the significant influence of trap density at grain boundaries, the self-compensation effect, and average grain size on the theoretical limit of electron mobility. At a doping level of 10 19 cm −3 , the limit is estimated at 100 cm 2 .V −1 .s −1 , while for 10 20 cm −3 , it reduces to 50 cm 2 .V −1 .s −1 . These factors are strongly influenced by deposition conditions, including temperature, precursor chemistry, and deposition atmosphere. By analysing Hall mobility with respect to carrier density, temperature, or film thickness using our model, a better understanding of the limiting mechanisms in electron mobility can be achieved. This knowledge can guide the development of appropriate experimental strategies to enhance electron mobility in highly doped polycrystalline SnO 2 films for advancing the performance of SnO 2 -based devices across various applications.
摘要本文对高掺杂多晶sno2薄膜的电子迁移率进行了全面的理论研究，这是一种在现代器件中广泛应用的材料。我们的物理模型将声子-电子相互作用、电离杂质和晶界作为散射机制，有效地解释了掺杂多晶SnO 2薄膜中电子迁移率的温度和电子密度相关变化。我们强调了晶界陷阱密度、自补偿效应和平均晶粒尺寸对电子迁移率理论极限的显著影响。当掺杂量为10 19 cm−3时，其极限估计为100 cm 2 . v−1 .s−1，而当掺杂量为10 20 cm−3时，其极限估计为50 cm 2 . v−1 .s−1。这些因素受到沉积条件的强烈影响，包括温度、前驱体化学和沉积气氛。通过使用我们的模型分析霍尔迁移率与载流子密度、温度或薄膜厚度的关系，可以更好地理解电子迁移率的限制机制。这些知识可以指导适当的实验策略的发展，以提高高掺杂多晶SnO 2薄膜中的电子迁移率，从而提高SnO基器件在各种应用中的性能。
{"title":"Unraveling the limiting factors to electron mobility in degenerately doped SnO<sub>2</sub> thin films","authors":"Viet Huong Nguyen, Hang Tran Thi My, Huong T.T. Ta, Kha Anh Vuong, Hoai Hue Nguyen, Thien Thanh Nguyen, Ngoc Linh Nguyen, Hao Van Bui","doi":"10.1088/2043-6262/ad08a0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ad08a0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical study on electron mobility in highly doped polycrystalline SnO 2 thin films, a widely employed material in modern devices. Our physical model incorporates phonon-electron interaction, ionised impurity, and grain boundaries as scattering mechanisms, effectively explaining the temperature and electron density-dependent variation of electron mobility in doped polycrystalline SnO 2 thin films. We highlight the significant influence of trap density at grain boundaries, the self-compensation effect, and average grain size on the theoretical limit of electron mobility. At a doping level of 10 19 cm −3 , the limit is estimated at 100 cm 2 .V −1 .s −1 , while for 10 20 cm −3 , it reduces to 50 cm 2 .V −1 .s −1 . These factors are strongly influenced by deposition conditions, including temperature, precursor chemistry, and deposition atmosphere. By analysing Hall mobility with respect to carrier density, temperature, or film thickness using our model, a better understanding of the limiting mechanisms in electron mobility can be achieved. This knowledge can guide the development of appropriate experimental strategies to enhance electron mobility in highly doped polycrystalline SnO 2 films for advancing the performance of SnO 2 -based devices across various applications.","PeriodicalId":56371,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","volume":"117 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.1088/2043-6262/ad0108
Ngoc The Nguyen
Abstract In this study, nanogels based on the conjugation of heparin and poloxamer P407 (HR-P407) with different grafting ratios were successfully synthesised. The structural properties of products were evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR). The morphology and size of nanoparticles were assessed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) method, which showed that particle size distribution was from 144 nm to 214 nm. The HR-P407 nanogel systems were biocompatible and non-toxic to healthy cells. While free PTX displayed rapid and potent cytotoxic effects, PTX released from HR-P407 (1:10)/PTX demonstrated a gradual and sustained cytotoxicity. This controlled release mechanism allowed prolonged drug exposure, reducing acute toxicity and enhancing cytotoxicity over time. The results suggest that the synthesised nanogels can be used as an effective hydrophobic anticancer drug carrier system.
{"title":"Synthesis of heparin-and-poloxamer P407-based nanogel carrying PTX for orientating in treatment of breast cancer","authors":"Ngoc The Nguyen","doi":"10.1088/2043-6262/ad0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ad0108","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, nanogels based on the conjugation of heparin and poloxamer P407 (HR-P407) with different grafting ratios were successfully synthesised. The structural properties of products were evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR). The morphology and size of nanoparticles were assessed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) method, which showed that particle size distribution was from 144 nm to 214 nm. The HR-P407 nanogel systems were biocompatible and non-toxic to healthy cells. While free PTX displayed rapid and potent cytotoxic effects, PTX released from HR-P407 (1:10)/PTX demonstrated a gradual and sustained cytotoxicity. This controlled release mechanism allowed prolonged drug exposure, reducing acute toxicity and enhancing cytotoxicity over time. The results suggest that the synthesised nanogels can be used as an effective hydrophobic anticancer drug carrier system.","PeriodicalId":56371,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","volume":"70 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136261694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1088/2043-6262/ad010b
Shrinivas G Jamdade, Popat S Tambade, Sopan M Rathod
Abstract Nano-ferrites with chemical equation Cu x Zn 1- x Fe 2 O 4 ( x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7) were prepared by sol–gel auto-combustion method to study structural and magnetic properties along with antibacterial and antifungal activity. The samples are sintered in air at 400 °C for 4 h. The samples are characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet (UV), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM) tools. Presence of some secondary phases are noticed in the samples. XRD data is utilised to calculate lattice parameter, crystallite size, lattice strain, and density of ferrite samples. The crystallite size varies between 6.3 and 7.7 nm and lattice strain has value between 0.11–0.15. Also, VSM is used to calculate saturation magnetisation, coercivity and remanent magnetisation of synthesised samples. The saturation magnetisation as high as 32.8 emu g −1 is obtained for x = 0.7 composition. The magnetic Cu x Zn 1- x Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles have shown good antibacterial and antifungal activity.
摘要采用溶胶-凝胶自燃烧法制备了化学方程为Cu x Zn 1- x fe2o (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6和0.7)的纳米铁氧体，研究了其结构和磁性能以及抗菌和抗真菌活性。样品在空气中400℃烧结4小时。通过x射线衍射(XRD)、紫外(UV)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能量色散x射线(EDX)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等工具对样品进行表征。在样品中注意到一些二次相的存在。利用XRD数据计算了铁素体样品的晶格参数、晶粒尺寸、晶格应变和密度。晶粒尺寸在6.3 ~ 7.7 nm之间，晶格应变值在0.11 ~ 0.15之间。利用VSM计算了合成样品的饱和磁化强度、矫顽力和剩余磁化强度。当x = 0.7时，饱和磁化强度高达32.8 emu g−1。磁性Cu x zn1 - x fe2o纳米颗粒具有良好的抗菌和抗真菌活性。
{"title":"Effect of Cu doping on structural and magnetic properties of Cu<sub> x </sub>Zn<sub>1-x </sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles for biomedical applications","authors":"Shrinivas G Jamdade, Popat S Tambade, Sopan M Rathod","doi":"10.1088/2043-6262/ad010b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ad010b","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nano-ferrites with chemical equation Cu x Zn 1- x Fe 2 O 4 ( x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7) were prepared by sol–gel auto-combustion method to study structural and magnetic properties along with antibacterial and antifungal activity. The samples are sintered in air at 400 °C for 4 h. The samples are characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet (UV), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM) tools. Presence of some secondary phases are noticed in the samples. XRD data is utilised to calculate lattice parameter, crystallite size, lattice strain, and density of ferrite samples. The crystallite size varies between 6.3 and 7.7 nm and lattice strain has value between 0.11–0.15. Also, VSM is used to calculate saturation magnetisation, coercivity and remanent magnetisation of synthesised samples. The saturation magnetisation as high as 32.8 emu g −1 is obtained for x = 0.7 composition. The magnetic Cu x Zn 1- x Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles have shown good antibacterial and antifungal activity.","PeriodicalId":56371,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","volume":"462 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135013486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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