Frontiers of Nursing最新文献

Despite the fact that Taijiao (traditional Chinese eugenics) has been part of the Chinese obstetrical culture over the years, there is insufficient scientific evidence for its effectiveness. This literature review analyzes the discourse on Taijiao associated with physical and psychological maternal–fetal symbiosis, together with relevant peripheral research outcomes. Taijiao combines maternal health and external environment for benefits in fetal growth through preventive, indirect, and direct measures. Discussing practical implications and future research directions, this review reveals a modernized Taijiao to be a holistic, non-invasive pregnancy management system using a multi-disciplinary approach that enhances infantile life quality, reduces negative consequences of pregnancy deficits and child development, and saves public health expenditure.

There are a variety of teaching strategies that instructors can use to improve student learning. It is of great importance to select appropriate teaching strategies in nurse education to make the training more appealing and more effective.

In this article, ten teaching strategies will be introduced to help instructors learn how to involve the teaching strategy in the nurse education. If using these strategies well, students are more likely to memorize the information associated with the lesson. Selection of teaching strategies appropriately is of great importance for nurse educators to deliver high-quality education.

Objective

We sought to determine any benefits of applying a transitional care model in the continuum of cancer pain management, especially after patients' discharge from the hospital.

Methods

A total of 156 eligible participants were recruited and randomly assigned into intervention or control groups. The control group received standard care, while the intervention group received extra, specialized transitional care of pain management. Outcomes were measured at weeks 0 and 2–4 and included demographic data, the Brief Pain Inventory, Global Quality of Life Scale, and Satisfaction Degree of Nursing Service. Adequacy of analgesia and severity of pain were assessed with the Pain Management Index and interview findings.

Results

After 2–4 weeks of intervention, there was a significant difference in the change in average pain score between intervention and control groups (P < 0.05). Reductions in pain scores were significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group (difference: 0.98, P < 0.05). Regarding pain management outcomes, there was a significantly better condition in the intervention group compared with the control group; in the intervention group, 79% of patients had adequate opioids, whereas in the control group, only 63% of patients reported having adequate opioids. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the two groups in quality of life (QOL) scores (P < 0.05); the intervention group had significantly higher quality of life than the control group (difference: 1.06). Finally, there was a significant difference in the degree of satisfaction with the home nursing service; the intervention group had a significantly higher degree of satisfaction with the home nursing service in three aspects: quality, content, and attitude of service.

Conclusions

The application of a transitional care model in cancer pain management after discharge could help patients to improve their cancer pain management knowledge and analgesics compliance. In addition, the continuum of care service will contribute to effective communication between health care providers and patients, which could further improve their relationship.

Background

Case management is a term used to describe the activities performed by a physician or other health care professional to ensure the coordination of medical services required by a patient. Managed care requires the incorporation of information pertaining to patient evaluation, treatment planning, referrals, and follow-up care to ensure that payment for services is received and that care is ongoing and comprehensive. The objective of this review was to assess the efficacy of case management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with respect to outcomes such as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA_1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).

Methods

Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, Wan Fang and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) dating as late as Jan, 2015. Reference sections of the included studies were also searched.

Results

Twelve studies, involving 11 RCTs that evaluated a total of 4000 patients, were included in this analysis. Two of the 12 studies evaluated the same RCT. Seven of the 12 studies reported HbA_1c as an outcome, and three trials reported changes in SBP, DBP and LDL levels as outcomes. The pooled results indicated that statistically significant improvements in HbA_1c (MD = −0.35, 95% CI (−0.68, −0.02), P = 0.04) and LDL levels (MD = −2.49, 95% CI (−4.04, −0.93), P = 0.002) were associated with the case management group compared with control group; however, no statistically significant differences in DBP (MD = −0.08, 95% CI (−0.68, 0.52), P = 0.8) and SBP (MD = −0.96, 95% CI (−5.77, 3.84), P = 0.69) were observed.

Conclusions

Case management was effective in improving HbA_1c and LDL levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although no statistically significant differences in DBP and SBP between the case management group and the control group were observed, further research is required to draw a conclusion about the effect of managed care on these outcomes. Based on this meta-analysis of clinical trials, we conclude that case management offers an effective clinical method for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Objective

To determine the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Care Dependency Scale (CDS) for proxy assessments by nurses in Chinese nursing homes. The CDS is an excellent tool for measuring care dependency in many countries. The Chinese version of the CDS contributes additional data regarding the scale's use.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study of 184 older adults; 128 were re-evaluated after 2 weeks. Cronbach's alpha, the mean inter-item correlation, the inter-rater reliability and the test-retest reliability were used to analyze the reliability of the CDS. A factor analysis was carried out to find common dimensions between the CDS versions.

Results

The alpha coefficient of the CDS was 0.95. The subsequent inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities were analyzed in terms of the Kappa values, which were between 0.84 and 0.89; 0.83 and 0.92, respectively. Three factors were identified in the factor analysis.

Conclusions

The CDS is a suitable tool for assessing care dependency among elderly Chinese residents in nursing homes.

Objective

The study aimed to explore a lien secure trocar as an effective method to prevent blood spills.

Methods

This study included 1200 patients, who had a safety catheter from March to April in 2012, from the emergency department of the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. The patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. Using a conventional method, we compressed the vein at the tip of catheter to prevent blood spillage in the control group. We raised the patient's upper limb, while compressing the vein at the tip of catheter in the experimental group.

Results

The results showed that the experimental group was better than the control group not only in quantity but also in quality regarding blood pollution. The results reached a level of statistical significance (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Raising the patient's upper limb and occluding the vein distal to the catheter can effectively interrupt blood spillage while withdrawing the steel needle (i.e., pulling out the trocar).

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the situations and factors that cause nurses not to follow standard operating procedures (SOPs) during the clinical trial process.

Methods

Five cases involving patients enrolled in a clinical trial were divided into two groups, pre-SOP training and post-SOP training, to compare and observe the process problems and whether nurses followed SOPs in clinical trials. The causes of problems were analyzed and corrective measures were proposed.

Results

Our results indicate significant improvement in compliance with SOPs after training. There were three occurrences of irregular behavior after training compared with 21 occurrences of irregular behavior before training.

Conclusions

The quality of clinical trials can be improved if nurses strictly follow SOPs.

Background

It is an urgent matter to relieve the side effects induced by chemotherapy. In recent years, auricular acupoints therapy, which is a nursing technique used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used on many patients who are undergoing chemotherapy without causing any side effects. Furthermore, it has a good efficacy and is inexpensive.

Aim

The aim of this study was to provide evidence for the need of further research in the treatment and nursing of patients during chemotherapy.

Methods

We conducted an integrated review of the reports in CNKI, WanFang Data, SinoMed, and PubMed databases for journal articles published after 1990. The search terms included auricular acupoints taping and pressing, auricular acupoints therapy, auricular point sticking, ear points, chemotherapy, and side effects and relevant Medical Subject Heading terms. We then analyzed the mechanism, acupoints, and operation method and summarized the application of auricular acupoints therapy in patients suffering from chemotherapy side effects.

Results

This review included 102 articles published between 1990 and 2016, and we brought 63 other articles into the study. Eighteen articles focused on auricular acupoints therapy, combined with other therapy, to relieve patient side effects during chemotherapy.

Conclusions

Auricular acupoints therapy can prevent and relieve the side effects induced by chemotherapy. It deserves further clinical applications.

Objective

The objective of this study was to reduce or avoid the occurrence of the cases of osteofascial compartment syndrome induced by a radial artery puncture for arterial blood gas analysis.

Methods

We analyzed an adverse event using cheese model analysis, “fish bone” analysis, root cause analysis, and other methods.

Results

There are three root causes leading to an adverse event: operation technique, assessment of the disease, and informing patient families. However, there are many reasons to promote the occurrence and development of the event.

Conclusions

We should analyze and manage the adverse events in patients from the point of view of a system. Developing the measures of a system defense can enhance patient safety and create a good safety culture.

Aim

To provide a better understanding of how the nursing registration process in China compares to that of Australia and to identify common features and potential barriers that may affect or facilitate the development of China's ever-demanding need for healthcare and nursing education.

Background

Chinese nursing graduates are increasingly being used to augment the shortage of nurses in other countries, including Australia. However, China is desperately in need of strategies to cope with its current challenges in healthcare and nursing education. There is little discussion concerning the differences in nursing registration systems between countries, such as China and Australia. It is unknown how the differences and potential similarities of nursing registration systems in these two countries contribute to or impede nurses' training in China; or the potential for these Australia trained Chinese nursing returnees to cope with the challenges China is facing.

Evaluation

Using Bereday's four steps comparison method, this paper will describe, explain, compare, and contrast the nursing registration systems of Australia and China.

Key issues

Differences were found in the qualification requirements for: (1) initial registration, (2) levels of registration, (3) continuing professional development, (4) requirements of the registration renewal process, and (5) whether each country has a national nursing registration system. These factors may affect nursing education and healthcare development in China.

Conclusions

Although differences in the nursing registration process between Australia and China were identified, the insights gained from this study support the development of strategies to help with China's ever-demanding need for nursing education and healthcare development, thereby alleviating its nursing shortage.

Implications for nursing management

The implications of globalization of nursing education, research, and clinical practice, coupled with the nursing shortage on a global scale, have demanded increasing attention on the development of a high standard for nursing education that supports a safe and effective nursing workforce. This paper argues that there is value in nursing authorities, educators, and legislators working together in a network of collaborative engagement to support nursing education, thereby alleviating the nursing shortage on a global scale.