Frontiers of Nursing最新文献

Objective

To compile nursing undergraduates' opinions and suggestions for biochemistry textbook to improve the readability and applicability of a textbook of biochemistry.

Methods

This investigation involved 279 nursing undergraduates through delivery of a self-made questionnaire, which was to be used to analyze and study the students' suggestions and opinions on the content of the biochemistry textbook.

Results

The investigation revealed that the textbook's difficulty was associated negatively with students' interest (P < 0.05), and the textbook's importance was associated positively with students' interest (P < 0.05). Students suggested that the textbook should be closely related to nursing. The contents, difficulty, structure and charts of the textbook should be adjusted properly.

Conclusions

The content of the nursing version of the biochemistry textbook should be driven by the needs of the nursing major and should focus on simplifying the textbook's content, and making it practical. This will make the textbook vivid and readable, enhancing the interest of students to accept and benefit from the textbook.

Background

Many meta-analyses investigating gum chewing for postoperative recovery after colorectal surgery have been published with inconsistent findings. Therefore, we performed this study to systematically review these overlapping meta-analyses and offer clinical recommendations based on the current best evidence for decision makers.

Methods

Multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese BioMedical Literature on disc (CBMdisc), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Wanfang and Chinese VIP, were searched through October 2016. We included meta-analyses investigating the effectiveness of chewing gum for postoperative ileus after colorectal resection. Two investigators independently scanned and evaluated eligible meta-analyses, extracted essential information, assessed the methodological quality with the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool and Oxford Levels of Evidence, and used the Jadad decision algorithm at each step for all procedures. Heterogeneity ≤50% was accepted.

Results

Ten meta-analyses were included in our study. The AMSTAR scores varied from 5 to 9, with a median of 7.7. Most heterogeneity fell into the acceptable range. After implementing the Jadad decision algorithm, two meta-analyses of RCTs were selected based on search strategies and the implications of selection. The available best evidence indicated that gum chewing significantly reduced time to first flatus, time to first bowel movement, time to first bowel sounds and length of hospital stay. However, these two meta-analyses reached inconsistent conclusions as to the complications and economic benefits.

Conclusions

With the current best available evidence, we suggest gum chewing is beneficial for gastrointestinal function and reducing postoperative ileus.

Background

As an important international journal in the field of school health, the Journal of School Health has drawn wide attention from researchers and readers around the world. Therefore, it is important to conduct a systematic retrospective study of the journal. With the aim of understanding the development of the journal and the evolutionary process of cooperative study of this field comprehensively, we employed bibliometric analysis using the articles published in the Journal of School Health from 1965.

Methods

Using bibliometrics, 5242 articles published in the journal were extracted and then analyzed using the visualization software CiteSpace III.

Results

The annual published amount of literature showed a declining tendency; however, the frequency of citation displayed an increase year by year. Among prolific authors, the number of reports published by JH Price, L Kann and RJ McDermott are at the top. Among the high frequency keywords used in the research journal, “adolescents”, “children” and “programs” have become popular in the journal's vocabulary. CDCP, Univ Texas and Univ Calif are positioned in the forefront of the involved institutions when ranked by degree of contribution.

Conclusions

The Journal of School Health provides an important platform for sharing research achievements and promoting cooperation in this field. The amount of articles published in the journal is continually improving; its cooperative research network promoted by famous scholars and institutions is forming. As more researchers and institutions join, the network will grow and relationships will become increasingly close. However, limitations to cooperation at the regional or interagency scope remain.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop a frailty scale for the elderly in China and to examine its reliability and validity.

Methods

The method of convenient sampling was used to select 375 elderly individuals in different communities of Tianjin, China. EuroQol-5D was used to evaluate the criterion validity. Cronbach's α coefficients, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, criterion-related validity, and internal consistency were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. To evaluate the test–retest reliability, 30 old people were re-evaluated after 2 weeks.

Results

The final version of the frailty scale (FI-35) consisted of 35 items. Eleven factors were extracted by a principal factor analysis and varimax rotation, with a cumulative contribution of 86.00%. Eleven dimensions were positively correlated (r = 0.130–0.541, P < 0.01). Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.952, and the alpha coefficients of 11 dimensions ranged from 0.730 to 0.992. The test–retest reliability was 0.874 for the total scale. The split-half reliability of the scale was 0.808. Structural equation modeling was used to perform a confirmatory factor analysis, and various parameters were all acceptable.

Conclusions

FI-35 met the requirement of scale development and showed good reliability and validity; thus, it can be used as an efficient frailty measurement tool for Chinese elderly.

Objective

To objectively assess the effect of transitional care on readmission for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods

The PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 1990 through April 2016. The quality of eligible studies was assessed by two investigators. The primary outcome assessed was readmission for COPD and all-cause readmission. The pooled effect sizes were expressed as the relative risk and standard mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Version 5.1.0) and determined with an I² statistic.

Results

A total of seven RCTs that included 1879 participants who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results of subgroup analysis showed significant differences in readmission for COPD at the 6 month and 18 month time points and all-cause readmission at the 18 month follow-up. Transitional care could reduce readmission for COPD at the 6 month [RR = 0.51, 95% CI (0.38,0.68), P < 0.00001] and 18 month time points [RR = 0.56, 95% CI (0.45,0.69), P < 0.00001, and also reduce all-cause readmission after 18 months [RR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.62,0.84), P < 0.0001]. The reduction of all-cause readmission between the intervention and control groups in the 2nd year, however, was less than that in the 1st year.

Conclusions

Transitional care is beneficial to reducing readmission for patients with COPD. Duration of≥ 6 and ≤ 18 months are more effective, and the effect weakens over intervention time, especially after the end of intervention. Both durations point to the importance of ongoing intervention and reinforcement after the end of intervention.

Background

Animal models of osteoarthritis (OA), including post-traumatic osteoarthritis and spontaneous osteoarthritis, have been established in many ways. In recent years, there have been many reports in various foreign academic journals, but animal models of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (distinct from spontaneous osteoarthritis) have rarely been established or summarized in these reports. Animal models of post-traumatic osteoarthritis show different characteristics depending on the animal species and modeling methods used, which is why we have written this article.

Objective

To summarize the research progress and research status of animal models of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

Methods

A retrospective review of the animal model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) was conducted on the basis of reports retrieved from the PubMed database with the keywords for searching “animal model, post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA)” from October 2006 to October 2016 and confided English language. A total of 80 academic articles on the study of animal models of traumatic osteoarthritis were retrieved, and 34 of them were included in this literature review after reading the free full-text of them.

Results

Different PTOA models based on different modeling methods and different animal species had their own characteristics. Different modeling methods should be selected according to different modeling animals.

Conclusions

Considering the project funds, experimental objectives and technical conditions, appropriate experimental animal and modeling method should be selected based on synthetic considerations to obtain an appropriate PTOA model and ideal experimental results.

Objective

To explore the influence of applying educational animated film as continuous post-discharge rehabilitation guidance for patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

Sixty patients discharged after THA were randomly divided into two groups. Traditional methods, such as distributing manuals of rehabilitation guidance on THA and phone call follow-ups, were adopted in the control group, whereas educational animated film was used as continuous rehabilitation guidance after discharge in the experimental group. Differences in recovery of hip joint function, accuracy of functional exercise, mastery of rehabilitation knowledge and quality of life between the two groups were compared.

Results

The experimental group had superior performance on all indicators compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The use of educational animated film as continuous post-discharge rehabilitation guidance in patients after THA achieved better effects than traditional education methods.

Stressors, such as work overload, role conflicts, lack of time, lack of self-care, poor job-related interpersonal relationships, feeling powerless to provide quality care, struggling with competing demands, death, conflict with doctors, peers and supervisors, and inadequate emotional preparation, can be negative, stressful, traumatic, or difficult situations or episodes of hardship for nurses. Situations or episodes of these types can also cause both physical and mental problems, such as fatigue, irritability, lack of concentration, unhappiness, depressive sensation, depersonalization, and emotional exhaustion. Despite all of these challenges, resilience enables nurses to cope with their work environment and to maintain healthy and stable psychological functioning. The aim of this review is to describe the concept of resilience, explain characteristics with which it is related and outline interventions to increase the resilience of nurses.

Objective

To understand the changing trajectory of quality of life (QOL) during the treatment courses of breast cancer patients during chemotherapy and to investigate the factors in each treatment course that affect QOL.

Methods

The M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) scale were used to perform a survey on 174 breast cancer patients who received the TAC (docetaxel, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy regimen before postoperative chemotherapy and 5–7 days after each chemotherapy course.

Results

The QOL scores of the breast cancer patients were the lowest before the postoperative chemotherapy (81.2 ± 19.6) and the highest after the second chemotherapy course (94.5 ± 14.4). After the fourth and fifth chemotherapy courses, the scores were much lower again, with values of 82.7 ± 13.9 and 82.6 ± 13.1, respectively. The scores improved again after the sixth chemotherapy course (93.9 ± 18.7). Furthermore, each treatment course had different related symptoms that affected the QOL of the patients.

Conclusions

More attention should be paid to the changing trajectory of QOL of patients in all treatment courses and to the influence of treatment-related symptoms on the QOL of patients; moreover, interventions should be adopted by medical care personnel to increase QOL in cancer patients.