园艺研究(英文)最新文献

Apple (Malus × domestica) is one of the most popular fruits grown and consumed worldwide, contributing to human health with significant amounts of polyphenols and other bioactive compounds, and providing positive impacts to the economy and society. Understanding the diversity and inheritance of health-active compounds in apple can provide novel selection criteria for future breeding and cultivar development, as consumers increasingly prioritize the health benefits of their food choices. We therefore conducted an untargeted metabolomic analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to investigate thousands of semipolar chemicals, mainly phenolic compounds, in 439 diverse apple accessions, and quantified 2066 features in positive ion mode. To identify key areas of genetic control for apple metabolite abundance, we performed a metabolomic genome-wide association study (mGWAS) on the quantified mass features using ~280 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The mGWAS revealed >630 significant loci with hotspots for various groups of known and unknown phenolic compounds including flavonols on Chromosome 1, dihydrochalcones on Chromosome 5, and flavanols on Chromosomes 15 and 16. The most significant hotspot on Chromosome 16 included bHLH and C2H2 transcription factors that may play a role in controlling the abundance and complexity of phenolic compounds through regulation of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Our analysis links the apple metabolome with candidate genes and biosynthetic mechanisms and establishes a foundation for marker-assisted breeding and gene editing to improve and modify phenolic compounds in apple for marketability and the benefit of human health.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhaf139.].

Amorphophallus konjac, as a significant representative of the Araceae family, demonstrates considerable potential for applications in medicine, healthcare, food, industry, and bioenergy due to its rich content of konjac glucomannan (KGM). However, the synthetic pathway of KGM remains largely unclear. Although genomic sequencing has been completed for various representative Araceae plants, including Amorphophallus konjac, a comprehensive data platform for deep analysis and exploration of the functions of these genes is lacking. In the current work, genomic and transcriptomic data from multiple Araceae species were integrated, and a database, AraceaeDB (http://www.araceaedb.com/), was constructed specifically for analyzing and comparing gene functions in Araceae plants. The gene functions in the database were annotated in detail, and their ortholog groups were identified and classified into different functional modules based on their expression patterns across various transcriptomic datasets. Multiple functional genomics analysis tools were developed, including OrthoGroup analysis, BLAST search, co-expression analysis, KEGG/GO enrichment analysis, and the JBrowse visualization tool. Moreover, the database incorporates several medicinally significant bioactive compounds traditionally important in the Araceae family, providing target prediction capabilities for these compounds. Furthermore, the major biosynthetic pathway of KGM has been successfully elucidated through these database resources, and a key gene AkCSL3 has been identified. It has been further confirmed that overexpression of AkCSL3 can significantly increase the content of KGM, suggesting its potential crucial role in the polymerization process of glucomannan in konjac corms.

Post-polyploid karyotype evolution represents a crucial cytological mechanism contributing to angiosperm diversification and speciation. Many polyploids show extensive karyotypic reshuffling relative to their pre-ancestors. However, karyotypic stasis is gaining popularity as an alternative evolutionary pathway following polyploidization, whose underlying cytological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we successfully developed a set of enhanced oligo-painting (EOP) probes specific to 20 chromosomes of Cucurbita (2n = 40), a paleo-polyploid with very small chromosomes and rich genetic diversity. The probes generated robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signals across six Cucurbita and one sister outgroup species. Cross-species EOP results confirmed that Cucurbita genomes originated from a paleo-allotetraploid and maintained remarkably conserved chromosomal synteny without chromosome reshuffling, indicating karyotypic structural stasis during post-polyploid diploidization. Repositioning and amplification/elimination of rDNA loci (45S and 5S) across species caused significant morphological variations on seven out of 20 chromosomes. Six predicted centromeric monomers showed dramatic variations in localization and copy number along the phylogenetic relationships, highlighting the rapid turnover of centromere-associated sequences. In conclusion, our results suggest that Cucurbita genomes maintain karyotypic structural stasis during post-polyploid diploidization, with karyotype evolution instead being driven by rDNA repositioning and centromere turnover events, which constitute the cytogenetic basis for species divergence in Cucurbita. This finding highlights the more refined cytological evolutionary mechanisms underlying karyotypic stasis, providing new insights into post-polyploid karyotype evolution.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac224.].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae206.].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae240.].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab077.].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac105.].