Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.002
Li Danyang, Qi Chuanren, Wei Yanan, Li Guoxue, Y. Jing
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different dosages of three amendments—peat, superphosphate, mixture of Mg(OH)2+H3PO4 ((Magnesium Hydroxide and Phosphorus Acid) on N (Nitrogen) conservation. The simulated composting experiment was carried out in a constant temperature water bath with pig manure and corn straw. The results showed that the ammonia volatilization could be inhibited to some extent under the treatments with fixing agents. Under the same simulated composting conditions, the nitrogen fixation effect of the three kinds of fixatives with the same proportion was as follows: Mg(OH)2+H3PO4 > superphosphate > peat. The fixation effect of N increased with the increase of the additives. The N fixation rate of Mg(OH)2+H3PO4 treatment was up to 66%. Compared with the CK (Control Group), the amount of cumulative ammonia emission decreased by 90.3% and the TN (Total Nitrogen) content increased by 39.31% in this treatment. Compared with other two kinds of fixing agents, Mg(OH)2+H3PO4 treatment could not only control N loss in composting process, improve the N nutrient content of compost products, but also could increase P (Phosphorus) and Mg (Magnesium) nutrients. Therefore, it had more popularization value and application prospect.
{"title":"Effect of Different Amendments on Nitrogen Conservation During Simulated Composting","authors":"Li Danyang, Qi Chuanren, Wei Yanan, Li Guoxue, Y. Jing","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different dosages of three amendments—peat, superphosphate, mixture of Mg(OH)2+H3PO4 ((Magnesium Hydroxide and Phosphorus Acid) on N (Nitrogen) conservation. The simulated composting experiment was carried out in a constant temperature water bath with pig manure and corn straw. The results showed that the ammonia volatilization could be inhibited to some extent under the treatments with fixing agents. Under the same simulated composting conditions, the nitrogen fixation effect of the three kinds of fixatives with the same proportion was as follows: Mg(OH)2+H3PO4 > superphosphate > peat. The fixation effect of N increased with the increase of the additives. The N fixation rate of Mg(OH)2+H3PO4 treatment was up to 66%. Compared with the CK (Control Group), the amount of cumulative ammonia emission decreased by 90.3% and the TN (Total Nitrogen) content increased by 39.31% in this treatment. Compared with other two kinds of fixing agents, Mg(OH)2+H3PO4 treatment could not only control N loss in composting process, improve the N nutrient content of compost products, but also could increase P (Phosphorus) and Mg (Magnesium) nutrients. Therefore, it had more popularization value and application prospect.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45270295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.001
Lawrence Grism Obeti, J. Wanyama, N. Banadda, A. Candia, Samuel George Onep, Ronald Walozi, Andrew Ebic
Peri-urban fish farms with limited access to open natural water bodies draw fresh water from urban water supply and dug wells, which is unreliable and costly. Reuse of fish pond effluent is also limited by high ammonia concentration (> 0.3 mg/L) that renders water toxic and is stressful to fish. Despite the existence of several fish effluent treatment methods, not all may be appropriate for a particular location. This review article therefore examines the various fish effluent treatment methods to aid selection of the most suitable one(s) for peri-urban areas. The key parameters considered in their comparison were: initial, operational and maintenance costs; ammonia removal efficiency; energy consumption and land requirement. The effluent treatment methods are both conventional and non-conventional. Despite a slight higher treatment efficiency and less space requirement by conventional methods, they mainly require reliable power supply for continuous running, highly skilled labor for operation and maintenance leading to high operational costs. In addition, their investment costs are higher than non-conventional methods, hence not widely applied in developing countries and majority have broken down. On the other hand, non-conventional methods such as constructed wetlands are widely in use for treating effluent mainly due to their cost effectiveness and no or little energy requirement. Constructed wetlands were found most suitable bio-filtration system for treating fish effluent because they are cost effective, require less skilled labor and still have better effluent treatment though space required is slightly more. Vegetables (lettuce, collards, etc.) have potential to grow in constructed wetlands thus form vegetable-based bio-filtration units which serve not only as bio-filters but also provide additional sources of nutrition and income. This review indicated limited information on the appropriate size and performance of vegetable-based bio-filtration unit utilizing indigenous vegetables and recommended further research to explore the idea.
{"title":"Bio-Filtration Technologies for Filtering Ammonia in Fish Tank Effluent for Reuse—A Review","authors":"Lawrence Grism Obeti, J. Wanyama, N. Banadda, A. Candia, Samuel George Onep, Ronald Walozi, Andrew Ebic","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"Peri-urban fish farms with limited access to open natural water bodies draw fresh water from urban water supply and dug wells, which is unreliable and costly. Reuse of fish pond effluent is also limited by high ammonia concentration (> 0.3 mg/L) that renders water toxic and is stressful to fish. Despite the existence of several fish effluent treatment methods, not all may be appropriate for a particular location. This review article therefore examines the various fish effluent treatment methods to aid selection of the most suitable one(s) for peri-urban areas. The key parameters considered in their comparison were: initial, operational and maintenance costs; ammonia removal efficiency; energy consumption and land requirement. The effluent treatment methods are both conventional and non-conventional. Despite a slight higher treatment efficiency and less space requirement by conventional methods, they mainly require reliable power supply for continuous running, highly skilled labor for operation and maintenance leading to high operational costs. In addition, their investment costs are higher than non-conventional methods, hence not widely applied in developing countries and majority have broken down. On the other hand, non-conventional methods such as constructed wetlands are widely in use for treating effluent mainly due to their cost effectiveness and no or little energy requirement. Constructed wetlands were found most suitable bio-filtration system for treating fish effluent because they are cost effective, require less skilled labor and still have better effluent treatment though space required is slightly more. Vegetables (lettuce, collards, etc.) have potential to grow in constructed wetlands thus form vegetable-based bio-filtration units which serve not only as bio-filters but also provide additional sources of nutrition and income. This review indicated limited information on the appropriate size and performance of vegetable-based bio-filtration unit utilizing indigenous vegetables and recommended further research to explore the idea.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46305253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.005
M. Durmuş, Dehouegnon Jerry Agossou, N. Koluman
The Mediterranean region is characterized by hot and humid summers and, humid and cool winters. Small ruminants (sheep and goats) play a significant economic, social and environmental role providing income and ensuring food for local population. Despite their critical importance, small ruminant’s production is threatened by several factor notably climatic, nutritional, healthy and breeding systems. To ensure a sustainability of goat and sheep production, these last decades, several studies have been achieved in order to improve livestock feeding and breeding systems and animal health protection. However, sheep and goat sectors show an important delay. In order to increase the profitability and ensure sustainability of small ruminant production, innovative political, specific managerial strategies and practices have to develop.
{"title":"Sustainability of Small Ruminant Production in Mediterranean Region","authors":"M. Durmuş, Dehouegnon Jerry Agossou, N. Koluman","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean region is characterized by hot and humid summers and, humid and cool winters. Small ruminants (sheep and goats) play a significant economic, social and environmental role providing income and ensuring food for local population. Despite their critical importance, small ruminant’s production is threatened by several factor notably climatic, nutritional, healthy and breeding systems. To ensure a sustainability of goat and sheep production, these last decades, several studies have been achieved in order to improve livestock feeding and breeding systems and animal health protection. However, sheep and goat sectors show an important delay. In order to increase the profitability and ensure sustainability of small ruminant production, innovative political, specific managerial strategies and practices have to develop.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45110424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.006
M. Hagai
This study was conducted to assess land degradation in Longido District, Arusha, Tanzania using remote sensing techniques. Biophysical degradation indicators i.e. land use/land cover, land productivity level and soil erosion were used. Specifically, Landsat Satellite images of 1995 and 2015, together with soil data and digital elevation model were applied. Land cover maps of the study area over the study years were produced by supervised classification method. Soil erosion was assessed using RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model producing soil erosion map of Longido district, the inputs into the RUSLE model were rainfall, erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope steepness and slope length factor, cover management factor and support practice factor. Biophysical land degradation map was produced by applying weighted overlay technique whereby soil erosion was given more weight followed by land use/land cover of 2015 and land productivity level of 2015. The findings show that about 38% of Longido district areas are highly vulnerable to land degradation which is above the international allowable level. It is being concluded that Longido District is at high risk of failure to sustain livelihood of and resilient for its communities, the earth in general, so it is timely for the district authorities to take steps towards mitigating further land degradation. It is being recommended that sustainable conservation and management strategies as well as policies must be affected by district authorities including farmers and pastoralists to improvise land degradation friendly cultivation and grazing methods.
{"title":"Sustainable Environmental Management: A Case of Assessment of Land Degradation Using Space Technologies in Longido District, Arusha Tanzania","authors":"M. Hagai","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess land degradation in Longido District, Arusha, Tanzania using remote sensing techniques. Biophysical degradation indicators i.e. land use/land cover, land productivity level and soil erosion were used. Specifically, Landsat Satellite images of 1995 and 2015, together with soil data and digital elevation model were applied. Land cover maps of the study area over the study years were produced by supervised classification method. Soil erosion was assessed using RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model producing soil erosion map of Longido district, the inputs into the RUSLE model were rainfall, erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope steepness and slope length factor, cover management factor and support practice factor. Biophysical land degradation map was produced by applying weighted overlay technique whereby soil erosion was given more weight followed by land use/land cover of 2015 and land productivity level of 2015. The findings show that about 38% of Longido district areas are highly vulnerable to land degradation which is above the international allowable level. It is being concluded that Longido District is at high risk of failure to sustain livelihood of and resilient for its communities, the earth in general, so it is timely for the district authorities to take steps towards mitigating further land degradation. It is being recommended that sustainable conservation and management strategies as well as policies must be affected by district authorities including farmers and pastoralists to improvise land degradation friendly cultivation and grazing methods.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41253066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.004
T. Kouch, Pen Miranda, Sar Chetra, Kang Kroesna, Seng Mom
The survey was conducted four times between September 2015 and June 2016 with an interval of three months. Each survey lasted for 7 days at two main slaughterhouses in Phnom Penh city: Chroy Chongva and Beung Salang slaughterhouses. The objective of this study is to evaluate the perceptions of cattle traders on their business and the BCS (Body Condition Score) of cattle arriving slaughterhouses. Results have shown that the interviewed traders started their business between 1995 and 2013. Most of them bought 3 to 4 cattle per time and slaughtered one head of cattle each day with an interval of one day transit. The buying of cattle relied on collectors and during of the time of study cattle were purcahsed from 13 different provinces. The supply of cattle was high from July to August and low from March to April. When arriving gathering areas nearby slaughterhouse, cattle were sent to slaughterhouse within one day and could be maintained with one week. Beef was mostly sold by themselves and to their relatives for retailing. They also sold beef to outside retailer, distributor and sold at market. The price of beef was high from March to April. High percentage of male cattle were found in slaughterhouses than female cattle with the age of 3 to 6 years old. High distribution of cattle were found to have BCS between 2 and 3 scores, and it is found that male cattle had higher BCS than female cattle. The amount of meat varies with BCS, e.g. up to 57.56% of total liveweight when BCS was 4 scores. The price of live cattle varies with cattle BCS and meat proportion of animal.
{"title":"Condition of Local Cattle at Slaughterhouses in Phnom Penh City, Cambodia","authors":"T. Kouch, Pen Miranda, Sar Chetra, Kang Kroesna, Seng Mom","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"The survey was conducted four times between September 2015 and June 2016 with an interval of three months. Each survey lasted for 7 days at two main slaughterhouses in Phnom Penh city: Chroy Chongva and Beung Salang slaughterhouses. The objective of this study is to evaluate the perceptions of cattle traders on their business and the BCS (Body Condition Score) of cattle arriving slaughterhouses. Results have shown that the interviewed traders started their business between 1995 and 2013. Most of them bought 3 to 4 cattle per time and slaughtered one head of cattle each day with an interval of one day transit. The buying of cattle relied on collectors and during of the time of study cattle were purcahsed from 13 different provinces. The supply of cattle was high from July to August and low from March to April. When arriving gathering areas nearby slaughterhouse, cattle were sent to slaughterhouse within one day and could be maintained with one week. Beef was mostly sold by themselves and to their relatives for retailing. They also sold beef to outside retailer, distributor and sold at market. The price of beef was high from March to April. High percentage of male cattle were found in slaughterhouses than female cattle with the age of 3 to 6 years old. High distribution of cattle were found to have BCS between 2 and 3 scores, and it is found that male cattle had higher BCS than female cattle. The amount of meat varies with BCS, e.g. up to 57.56% of total liveweight when BCS was 4 scores. The price of live cattle varies with cattle BCS and meat proportion of animal.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43124647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.003
M. Durmuş, N. Koluman
: The climate change is globally faced by the entire world and humanity with considerably negative impacts on people who live in undeveloped countries in terms of improvement and fighting poverty and who make production by using natural resources. The United Nations Development Fund prepared a Human Development Report on “Fighting Climate Change,” indicating that there are almost 2.6 million poor people in the world will bear the brunt of climate change and ecological conditions. In this respect, emphasis must also be put on the need for considering the people whose source of income usually originates from animal production. In this sense, climate change poses an obstacle on success of the work which is conducted to achieve millennium development goals. The observable changes emerging in climate particularly increases in atmosphere temperature in some regions have an impact on biological life in many regions of the world. Animal production has been considerably intensified in order to meet animal protein deficit which is suffered by the increasing population. The impacts of conventional applications aimed at increasing productivity in animal production have been negative and the people’s attention has started to focus on animal production with the global warming concept and Kyoto Protocol. The animal production might create negative effects on many aspects of environment such as air and water pollution, decrease in soil quality and biodiversity, as well as climate change. The aim of this paper to evaluate animal farming impacts on global warming.
{"title":"Impacts of Stockbreeding on Global Warming","authors":"M. Durmuş, N. Koluman","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.003","url":null,"abstract":": The climate change is globally faced by the entire world and humanity with considerably negative impacts on people who live in undeveloped countries in terms of improvement and fighting poverty and who make production by using natural resources. The United Nations Development Fund prepared a Human Development Report on “Fighting Climate Change,” indicating that there are almost 2.6 million poor people in the world will bear the brunt of climate change and ecological conditions. In this respect, emphasis must also be put on the need for considering the people whose source of income usually originates from animal production. In this sense, climate change poses an obstacle on success of the work which is conducted to achieve millennium development goals. The observable changes emerging in climate particularly increases in atmosphere temperature in some regions have an impact on biological life in many regions of the world. Animal production has been considerably intensified in order to meet animal protein deficit which is suffered by the increasing population. The impacts of conventional applications aimed at increasing productivity in animal production have been negative and the people’s attention has started to focus on animal production with the global warming concept and Kyoto Protocol. The animal production might create negative effects on many aspects of environment such as air and water pollution, decrease in soil quality and biodiversity, as well as climate change. The aim of this paper to evaluate animal farming impacts on global warming.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41358244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2019.05.006
Nguyen Thi Hong Diep, Tran Huu Duy, Phan Kieu Diem, Nguyen Thi Be Nam, Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong
{"title":"The Cattle Grooming Behavior and Some Problems with Technological Grooming Instruments for Cow WelfareFlood Hazard Mapping at Long Xuyen Quadrangle in 2015 Using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing Technologies","authors":"Nguyen Thi Hong Diep, Tran Huu Duy, Phan Kieu Diem, Nguyen Thi Be Nam, Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2019.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2019.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48804472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2019.05.001
David Polster
{"title":"Let Nature Do the Work: Effective Strategies for the Restoration of Drastically Disturbed Sites","authors":"David Polster","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2019.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2019.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43084327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2019.05.004
Rohana Abd Rahman, Ariff Fahmi Abu Bakar
Malaysia aspires to become developed and high income nation by year 2020. Under the Tenth Malaysia Plan, herbal industry was the first Entry Point Project for Agricultural National Key Economic Area in Economic Transformation Programme. To understand the current status of the herbal industry, FRIM (Forest Research Institute Malaysia) conducted the survey on 6,923 herbal chain players, consisted from upstream to downstream activities. A face-to-face interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire to gather the information. This paper highlighted the relationship between concentration of the herbal industry and urbanization’s status of the areas. The finding shows that a statistically significant difference exists between category of herbal activities and status of the areas. The upstream activities are more concentrated in rural areas, while most of downstream activities in urban areas. It is in line with central place of theory on how settlements and places are located in relation to one another and their functions. Therefore, to further develop the herbal industry, the government should consider strategic location by category of industrial activities in policies planning, programmes implementation and providing infrastructural support needed by the industry.
{"title":"Relationship between Concentration and Location of the Herbal Industry","authors":"Rohana Abd Rahman, Ariff Fahmi Abu Bakar","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2019.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2019.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysia aspires to become developed and high income nation by year 2020. Under the Tenth Malaysia Plan, herbal industry was the first Entry Point Project for Agricultural National Key Economic Area in Economic Transformation Programme. To understand the current status of the herbal industry, FRIM (Forest Research Institute Malaysia) conducted the survey on 6,923 herbal chain players, consisted from upstream to downstream activities. A face-to-face interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire to gather the information. This paper highlighted the relationship between concentration of the herbal industry and urbanization’s status of the areas. The finding shows that a statistically significant difference exists between category of herbal activities and status of the areas. The upstream activities are more concentrated in rural areas, while most of downstream activities in urban areas. It is in line with central place of theory on how settlements and places are located in relation to one another and their functions. Therefore, to further develop the herbal industry, the government should consider strategic location by category of industrial activities in policies planning, programmes implementation and providing infrastructural support needed by the industry.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46004709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2019.05.005
Serap Goncu, Muhammed Ikbal Yesil, Nurten Yılmaz
{"title":"The Cattle Grooming Behavior and Some Problems with Technological Grooming Instruments for Cow Welfare","authors":"Serap Goncu, Muhammed Ikbal Yesil, Nurten Yılmaz","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2019.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2019.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45040217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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