Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2020.05.007
A. A. Hmoudi
: Over the past decade, robot systems have become more commonplace and increasingly autonomous. In recent years, first responders have started to use novel technologies at the scene of disasters in order to save more lives. Technologies are also used for early warning, surveillance and to enhance disaster response capabilities. Increasingly, technologies like robots are used for warning people, monitoring compliance, SAR (Search and Rescue), damage assessment, to search disaster sites. In the case of emergency situations, emergency guidance robots are sent inside of buildings or deployed to search for victims, guide evacuees to safety and other unsafe response tasks. This paper explores the application of robotics for disaster warning and response, benefits and factors influencing deployment of robots, in order to justify the effective usage of robotics for disaster management in the UAE (United Arab Emirates). A pilot study is conducted to achieve this aim, with 24 participants selected through random sampling from three emergency organizations in the country. To increase knowledge and usage of robotics for future disaster warning and response in UAE, it is needful to continue to highlight the role of robotics deployment in helping to minimize risks and disaster impacts on first responders and the public.
{"title":"Robotics for Disaster Warning and Response in the UAE","authors":"A. A. Hmoudi","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2020.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2020.05.007","url":null,"abstract":": Over the past decade, robot systems have become more commonplace and increasingly autonomous. In recent years, first responders have started to use novel technologies at the scene of disasters in order to save more lives. Technologies are also used for early warning, surveillance and to enhance disaster response capabilities. Increasingly, technologies like robots are used for warning people, monitoring compliance, SAR (Search and Rescue), damage assessment, to search disaster sites. In the case of emergency situations, emergency guidance robots are sent inside of buildings or deployed to search for victims, guide evacuees to safety and other unsafe response tasks. This paper explores the application of robotics for disaster warning and response, benefits and factors influencing deployment of robots, in order to justify the effective usage of robotics for disaster management in the UAE (United Arab Emirates). A pilot study is conducted to achieve this aim, with 24 participants selected through random sampling from three emergency organizations in the country. To increase knowledge and usage of robotics for future disaster warning and response in UAE, it is needful to continue to highlight the role of robotics deployment in helping to minimize risks and disaster impacts on first responders and the public.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43000191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2020.03.001
G. F. Vilela, A. R. Farias, F. A. D. P. Paim, G. S. Castro, O. T. Oshiro, C. Carvalho
In this study, authors analyzed value, production and area used for producing Cerrado?s main agricultural products, and data on the farms located within this biome and registered in CAR up until April 2019, by microregion. The territory considered here comprised all microregions with at least 25% of its area covered by the Cerrado biome. The production, agricultural production, and planted area values used were the averages of the 2015 to 2017 harvests, and are shown in graphs and tables, as are maps of planted areas and groups of main annual crops, semi-perennial and perennial crops. The areas designated for environmental preservation (ADPs) are the result of the sum of permanent preservation areas (APP), legal reserves (RL) and additional vegetation areas within the farms. Authors? study shows that most of Brazilian cotton, eucalyptus for charcoal, orange, sugarcane, maize and soybean are produced in Cerrado, that 28% of Cerrado are ADPs within farms, and that 16% are areas planted with cotton, eucalyptus, orange, sugarcane, maize, soybean, coffee, beans, and potatoes. The territory occupied by agricultural areas and ADPs required by the Brazilian Forest Code shows that agricultural production and environmental preservation do coexist, and gather the maintenance of essential ecosystem services provided by the ADPs together with the development of the country?s relevant agricultural production.
{"title":"Cerrado: Agricultural Production and Areas Designated for Environmental Preservation Registered in the Brazilian Rural Environmental Registry (Cadastro Ambiental Rural)","authors":"G. F. Vilela, A. R. Farias, F. A. D. P. Paim, G. S. Castro, O. T. Oshiro, C. Carvalho","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2020.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2020.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, authors analyzed value, production and area used for producing Cerrado?s main agricultural products, and data on the farms located within this biome and registered in CAR up until April 2019, by microregion. The territory considered here comprised all microregions with at least 25% of its area covered by the Cerrado biome. The production, agricultural production, and planted area values used were the averages of the 2015 to 2017 harvests, and are shown in graphs and tables, as are maps of planted areas and groups of main annual crops, semi-perennial and perennial crops. The areas designated for environmental preservation (ADPs) are the result of the sum of permanent preservation areas (APP), legal reserves (RL) and additional vegetation areas within the farms. Authors? study shows that most of Brazilian cotton, eucalyptus for charcoal, orange, sugarcane, maize and soybean are produced in Cerrado, that 28% of Cerrado are ADPs within farms, and that 16% are areas planted with cotton, eucalyptus, orange, sugarcane, maize, soybean, coffee, beans, and potatoes. The territory occupied by agricultural areas and ADPs required by the Brazilian Forest Code shows that agricultural production and environmental preservation do coexist, and gather the maintenance of essential ecosystem services provided by the ADPs together with the development of the country?s relevant agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48590504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2020.02.001
R. Novotný, Danica Krupová, P. Pavlenda, V. Šrámek
: Authors analysed foliar nutrition data from the ICP Forests (International Co-operative Programme on the Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution on Forests) monitoring network in two neighbouring Central European countries: the CZ (Czech Republic) and SK (Slovakia). Authors evaluated altogether seven coniferous (six Norway spruce and one Scots pine) and six broadleaves (five European beech and one Sessile oak) in intensively monitored plots. The longest time series cover more than 20 years (1995-2017 in CZ; 1995-2013 in SK). The data show a significant decrease of the concentration of major nutrients, mainly P and K. On roughly half of plots, the concentration of P is near or below the deficiency limit (1.2 g·kg -1 ), the concentration of K has dropped by 10% to 50%, especially in stands of broadleaves during the evaluated period. Over time P and K have shown significantly decreasing trends on one third of the evaluated coniferous plots and a similar situation has occurred on broadleaf plots. Both countries differ in Mg trends － there is a decrease of Mg concentration in needles in SK compared with Czech coniferous plots. On the other hand, in beech leaves there is a decrease of Mg in both countries, and in CZ the trend over time for Mg is significant. The observed changes in nutrition level with stable or slightly increasing N concentration and with a drop in phosphorus and base cations have led to nutrient imbalance, especially between N and P.
{"title":"Monitoring of Forests Indicates Decrease of Important Elements in Tree Nutrition of Main Tree Species across the Czech Republic and Slovakia over the Long Term","authors":"R. Novotný, Danica Krupová, P. Pavlenda, V. Šrámek","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2020.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2020.02.001","url":null,"abstract":": Authors analysed foliar nutrition data from the ICP Forests (International Co-operative Programme on the Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution on Forests) monitoring network in two neighbouring Central European countries: the CZ (Czech Republic) and SK (Slovakia). Authors evaluated altogether seven coniferous (six Norway spruce and one Scots pine) and six broadleaves (five European beech and one Sessile oak) in intensively monitored plots. The longest time series cover more than 20 years (1995-2017 in CZ; 1995-2013 in SK). The data show a significant decrease of the concentration of major nutrients, mainly P and K. On roughly half of plots, the concentration of P is near or below the deficiency limit (1.2 g·kg -1 ), the concentration of K has dropped by 10% to 50%, especially in stands of broadleaves during the evaluated period. Over time P and K have shown significantly decreasing trends on one third of the evaluated coniferous plots and a similar situation has occurred on broadleaf plots. Both countries differ in Mg trends － there is a decrease of Mg concentration in needles in SK compared with Czech coniferous plots. On the other hand, in beech leaves there is a decrease of Mg in both countries, and in CZ the trend over time for Mg is significant. The observed changes in nutrition level with stable or slightly increasing N concentration and with a drop in phosphorus and base cations have led to nutrient imbalance, especially between N and P.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42898048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2020.02.003
Nguyen Thi Huu Phuong
LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology is now commonly used in geospatial technology when it is an active remote sensing technology and capable of collecting data on large areas. However, with a large dataset of measurement areas, selecting and using the data in accordance with the research purpose takes a lot of time to conduct the classification of points. The algorithm selection in LiDAR data processing problem is important in the use of lidar data. EM (Expectation Maximization) algorithm is a typical algorithm of data mining, with the advantage of being easy to install and understand the algorithm used in classification problems. In this study, the author improved the EM algorithm in classification of lidar point cloud by using scheduling parameters to reduce the convergence time of the algorithm.
{"title":"An Expectation Maximization Algorithm for LiDAR Point Cloud Classification","authors":"Nguyen Thi Huu Phuong","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2020.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2020.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology is now commonly used in geospatial technology when it is an active remote sensing technology and capable of collecting data on large areas. However, with a large dataset of measurement areas, selecting and using the data in accordance with the research purpose takes a lot of time to conduct the classification of points. The algorithm selection in LiDAR data processing problem is important in the use of lidar data. EM (Expectation Maximization) algorithm is a typical algorithm of data mining, with the advantage of being easy to install and understand the algorithm used in classification problems. In this study, the author improved the EM algorithm in classification of lidar point cloud by using scheduling parameters to reduce the convergence time of the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44669828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2020.01.003
Cuixiang Zhong
: There are many hypotheses about the formation and evolution of the Moon, but all these hypotheses have their own questions that are hard to answer, therefore incredible. So by analyzing the evolution of the Earth, the author finds that after the formation of the Earth’s spherical structure,Earth’s polar vortices and active volcanoes can frequently eject large amount of material into the upper air or even above the stratosphere, making the Earth’s atmosphere contain a lot of dust, volcanic ash, water vapor, aerosol and so on. As the Earth rotates, these materials gradually form “nebulae” around the Earth. The lunar prototype was formed near the stratosphere,it keeps colliding and accreting nebular material near its orbit and getting bigger and bigger,and gradually moves away from the Earth under the impact of planetsimals or during the contraction of the Earth,becoming today’s massive Moon. After the formation of the Moon, it can not only light up the night, but also call the wind and rain and regulate global climate change to create an environment suiting for the living things.
{"title":"Formation of the Moon and Its Influence on Earth’s Environment","authors":"Cuixiang Zhong","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2020.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2020.01.003","url":null,"abstract":": There are many hypotheses about the formation and evolution of the Moon, but all these hypotheses have their own questions that are hard to answer, therefore incredible. So by analyzing the evolution of the Earth, the author finds that after the formation of the Earth’s spherical structure,Earth’s polar vortices and active volcanoes can frequently eject large amount of material into the upper air or even above the stratosphere, making the Earth’s atmosphere contain a lot of dust, volcanic ash, water vapor, aerosol and so on. As the Earth rotates, these materials gradually form “nebulae” around the Earth. The lunar prototype was formed near the stratosphere,it keeps colliding and accreting nebular material near its orbit and getting bigger and bigger,and gradually moves away from the Earth under the impact of planetsimals or during the contraction of the Earth,becoming today’s massive Moon. After the formation of the Moon, it can not only light up the night, but also call the wind and rain and regulate global climate change to create an environment suiting for the living things.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45113607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2020.01.004
Kabumana Dieudonne Tshibanda, M. Degrez, P. K. Kongolo, B. Muhaya
: The treatment of zinc ores at the UZK (Kolwezi Zinc Factory), in the DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo), has generated a deposit of solid releases rich in recoverable metals, but presented an environmental risk given the conditions of its storage. The results of chemical analyses by X-ray fluorescence have shown the presence of base metals recoverable in significant proportions in these releases, which contain on average 17% zinc and 3.5% copper. In addition, X-ray diffraction analyses have identified the main minerals: franklinite, willemite and sphalerite. The environmental risks are real, because the results of the availability tests for leaching have revealed significant zinc and copper extraction rates for a liquid to solid ratio of 100 and those of landfill compliances show that although under European Directive 2003/33/EC, these discharges are dangerous and must be treated under conditions which respect the environment. Following an environmental risk assessment, two scenarios for reprocessing these discharges are envisaged and will be compared from a technical, economic and environmental point of view, including their feasibility in the context of the DRC. The two processes would be on the one hand a hot acid attack in two or three stages and on the other hand a mixed digestion-roasting treatment followed by leaching with water.
{"title":"Scenarios for Sustainable Management of a Solid Release from a Hydrometallurgical Zinc Treatment in the Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"Kabumana Dieudonne Tshibanda, M. Degrez, P. K. Kongolo, B. Muhaya","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2020.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2020.01.004","url":null,"abstract":": The treatment of zinc ores at the UZK (Kolwezi Zinc Factory), in the DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo), has generated a deposit of solid releases rich in recoverable metals, but presented an environmental risk given the conditions of its storage. The results of chemical analyses by X-ray fluorescence have shown the presence of base metals recoverable in significant proportions in these releases, which contain on average 17% zinc and 3.5% copper. In addition, X-ray diffraction analyses have identified the main minerals: franklinite, willemite and sphalerite. The environmental risks are real, because the results of the availability tests for leaching have revealed significant zinc and copper extraction rates for a liquid to solid ratio of 100 and those of landfill compliances show that although under European Directive 2003/33/EC, these discharges are dangerous and must be treated under conditions which respect the environment. Following an environmental risk assessment, two scenarios for reprocessing these discharges are envisaged and will be compared from a technical, economic and environmental point of view, including their feasibility in the context of the DRC. The two processes would be on the one hand a hot acid attack in two or three stages and on the other hand a mixed digestion-roasting treatment followed by leaching with water.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43759924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2020.01.002
Mei Yang, Zhaoyang Feng
: The purpose of this study is to address the problem of ancient towns dying out in developing countries, particularly China. Intensifying conflicts between human settlements and the natural environment are described, and guidelines are proposed for the development of waterside ancient towns in China’s southern Shaanxi Province in the interest of conserving cultural and natural heritage. The towns of Qingmuchuan, Fenghuang and Houliu were selected as representative examples due to their strong reputation among tourists.They have the characteristics of traditional southern Shaanxi towns, but each has a completely different layout, space and structure. The comparative findings of this research provide a point of reference for establishing guidelines to preserve the integrity of ancient towns worldwide. In this paper, we compare the geographical conditions with the layout and texture of the streets by Google Earth Pro. And we analyze the details of spaces along the river zones, architectural styles and building decorations in order to research the relationship between the natural environment and the human settlement conditions. We note the unfortunate common trend of commercial development steadily taking over the natural environment, particularly the rivers and unique elements of the old towns. Finally, we summarize the similarities and differences of the spatial forms among these towns and put forward proposals for the further development of ancient towns. This research is important for all regions which stand to lose their national treasures. Consequently, measures should be to taken to curtail hyper development before we lose our historicscenery.
{"title":"Comparative Study on Spatial Forms of Ancient Waterside Towns Based on Google Earth Pro－Taking the Example of Qingmuchuan, Fenghuang and Houliu in Southern Shaanxi, China","authors":"Mei Yang, Zhaoyang Feng","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2020.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2020.01.002","url":null,"abstract":": The purpose of this study is to address the problem of ancient towns dying out in developing countries, particularly China. Intensifying conflicts between human settlements and the natural environment are described, and guidelines are proposed for the development of waterside ancient towns in China’s southern Shaanxi Province in the interest of conserving cultural and natural heritage. The towns of Qingmuchuan, Fenghuang and Houliu were selected as representative examples due to their strong reputation among tourists.They have the characteristics of traditional southern Shaanxi towns, but each has a completely different layout, space and structure. The comparative findings of this research provide a point of reference for establishing guidelines to preserve the integrity of ancient towns worldwide. In this paper, we compare the geographical conditions with the layout and texture of the streets by Google Earth Pro. And we analyze the details of spaces along the river zones, architectural styles and building decorations in order to research the relationship between the natural environment and the human settlement conditions. We note the unfortunate common trend of commercial development steadily taking over the natural environment, particularly the rivers and unique elements of the old towns. Finally, we summarize the similarities and differences of the spatial forms among these towns and put forward proposals for the further development of ancient towns. This research is important for all regions which stand to lose their national treasures. Consequently, measures should be to taken to curtail hyper development before we lose our historicscenery.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43372112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2020.01.001
Carolyne Chepngeno Ng’erechi, P. Njogu, B. Karanja, J. Raude
: Sustainable use of natural resources is one of the most critical aspects in today’s world, water monument being one of them. There is a high demand for water in domestic, agricultural and industrial sector. As a result of these there is an increased rate of wastewater generation. To ensure sustainable use of the resource, there is need for wastewater management that will ensure reuse and reduce pollution to the water resource. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of different locally available substrate materials in polishing aquaculture wastewater before it is discharged to the receiving bodies and to determine the substrates’ optimal treatment conditions in a modified trickling filter system. The wastewater was characterized with high levels of nitrates, nitrites and phosphates which are nutrients responsible for the degradation of water resources through eutrophication. A modified trickling filter system was fabricated and woodchips, maize cobs and sugarcane bagasse were each packed in three different reactor tanks. These substrates were subjected to similar operating conditions of substrate column heights of 14 cm, 18 cm and 22 cm, varied HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 60 h respectively. Wastewater was collected from a fish pond and passed through the modified trickling filter system for a specified period of time. Samples of the effluent were collected and tested for nitrates, nitrites and phosphates using a UV VIS (Ultraviolet-visible) spectrometer. The results obtained showed that the contaminant with the highest concentration was nitrates. Nitrites was converted into nitrates during the treatment process hence it was not a suitable parameter to be used to make conclusions. Phosphate was present in lower concentrations compared to nitrates hence the desired level was achieved. The most suitable substrate in the removal of all the contaminants was the woodchips with an efficiency of 94% at an operating condition of 18 cm and 22 cm substrate column height for the small and large woodchip particles at 48 and 60 h HRT respectively. Maize cobs and sugarcane bagasse both yielded an efficiency of 92% at 22 cm substrate column height and 60 h HRT .
自然资源的可持续利用是当今世界最重要的方面之一，水纪念碑就是其中之一。家庭、农业和工业部门对水的需求量很大。因此，废水产生的速度增加了。为了确保资源的可持续利用，需要对废水进行管理，以确保再利用并减少对水资源的污染。本研究的目的是在水产养殖废水排放到接收体之前，评估不同当地可用的基质材料在抛光废水中的性能，并确定基质在改进的滴滤系统中的最佳处理条件。该废水具有高水平的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和磷酸盐的特征，这些营养物质通过富营养化导致水资源的退化。他们制造了一个改进的滴漏过滤系统，将木片、玉米棒和甘蔗渣分别装在三个不同的反应器罐中。底柱高度分别为14 cm、18 cm和22 cm, HRT分别在12 h、24 h、48 h和60 h时变化。污水收集自一个鱼塘，经过改良的滴流过滤系统一段时间。收集废水样本，并使用紫外可见光谱仪检测硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和磷酸盐。结果表明，硝酸盐是其中浓度最高的污染物。亚硝酸盐在处理过程中转化为硝酸盐，因此不适合作为得出结论的参数。与硝酸盐相比，磷酸盐的浓度较低，因此达到了所需的水平。最适合去除所有污染物的基质是木屑，在基质柱高度为18 cm和22 cm的条件下，小木屑颗粒和大木屑颗粒在48和60 h HRT下的效率分别为94%。在22 cm底物柱高和60 h HRT条件下，玉米芯和甘蔗渣的效率均为92%。
{"title":"Performance of a Modified Trickling Filter Packed with Different Substrates in Polishing Aquaculture Wastewater","authors":"Carolyne Chepngeno Ng’erechi, P. Njogu, B. Karanja, J. Raude","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2020.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2020.01.001","url":null,"abstract":": Sustainable use of natural resources is one of the most critical aspects in today’s world, water monument being one of them. There is a high demand for water in domestic, agricultural and industrial sector. As a result of these there is an increased rate of wastewater generation. To ensure sustainable use of the resource, there is need for wastewater management that will ensure reuse and reduce pollution to the water resource. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of different locally available substrate materials in polishing aquaculture wastewater before it is discharged to the receiving bodies and to determine the substrates’ optimal treatment conditions in a modified trickling filter system. The wastewater was characterized with high levels of nitrates, nitrites and phosphates which are nutrients responsible for the degradation of water resources through eutrophication. A modified trickling filter system was fabricated and woodchips, maize cobs and sugarcane bagasse were each packed in three different reactor tanks. These substrates were subjected to similar operating conditions of substrate column heights of 14 cm, 18 cm and 22 cm, varied HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 60 h respectively. Wastewater was collected from a fish pond and passed through the modified trickling filter system for a specified period of time. Samples of the effluent were collected and tested for nitrates, nitrites and phosphates using a UV VIS (Ultraviolet-visible) spectrometer. The results obtained showed that the contaminant with the highest concentration was nitrates. Nitrites was converted into nitrates during the treatment process hence it was not a suitable parameter to be used to make conclusions. Phosphate was present in lower concentrations compared to nitrates hence the desired level was achieved. The most suitable substrate in the removal of all the contaminants was the woodchips with an efficiency of 94% at an operating condition of 18 cm and 22 cm substrate column height for the small and large woodchip particles at 48 and 60 h HRT respectively. Maize cobs and sugarcane bagasse both yielded an efficiency of 92% at 22 cm substrate column height and 60 h HRT .","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43218576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the 2016-2017 academic year, 3rd grade Gymnasium students from the Hellenic College of Thessaloniki received experiential training for the subject of Technology. For the needs of the course, students conducted research regarding the economic assessment of industrial pollution. A questionnaire was designed and distributed in order for students to collect information from individuals and households in the vicinity which the project of interest could potentially affect. The questionnaire aimed at identifying the maximum willingness to make a financial contribution with the use of assessing Hypothetical Scenario Methodology, which precisely assesses the economic value of an environmental good, since value is directly linked to the respondents’ expressed preferences.
{"title":"Experimental Learning with Questionnaire Distribution for the Economic Evaluation of Industrial Pollution","authors":"O. Kopsidas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3500807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3500807","url":null,"abstract":"During the 2016-2017 academic year, 3rd grade Gymnasium students from the Hellenic College of Thessaloniki received experiential training for the subject of Technology. For the needs of the course, students conducted research regarding the economic assessment of industrial pollution. A questionnaire was designed and distributed in order for students to collect information from individuals and households in the vicinity which the project of interest could potentially affect. The questionnaire aimed at identifying the maximum willingness to make a financial contribution with the use of assessing Hypothetical Scenario Methodology, which precisely assesses the economic value of an environmental good, since value is directly linked to the respondents’ expressed preferences.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68599581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.007
Antonio Cunha Nunes, F. Mainier, Robson Rosa Branco, C. A. Soares
The aim of this paper is to present through information collected via qualitative analysis in order to provide an alternative perspective to classify critical factors and their correlations in the processes of degradation of river basins in countries in development in an ordered way. This study was started with a bibliographical review for gathering relevant information about the main factors, which was submitted to specialists and related professionals via survey developed in a format of answers on Likert scale, with the analyses of data from the respondents as well as their contribution within sample assembly exploratory factorial analysis and the charge factor item from the questionnaire with usage of polychoric correlation matrix with which it is proposed to establish the ordering of the factors relevance as well as their correlations through parametric statistical analysis with the usage of a generalized model of partial credit which belongs to the family of the models for polyatomic gradual answers to the item response theory (IRT) and the applying of cluster analysis (ICLUST) with the usage of both alpha and omega coefficient for the estimation of the variables group, with the R tool. As a result, the present study aims to establish a comprehension of the main factors for the ordering of the actions and attention of public and private sectors towards the preservation of urban river basins.
{"title":"A New Approach to the Ordered Classification of Critical Factors in the Degradation Processes of River Basins","authors":"Antonio Cunha Nunes, F. Mainier, Robson Rosa Branco, C. A. Soares","doi":"10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2019.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present through information collected via qualitative analysis in order to provide an alternative perspective to classify critical factors and their correlations in the processes of degradation of river basins in countries in development in an ordered way. This study was started with a bibliographical review for gathering relevant information about the main factors, which was submitted to specialists and related professionals via survey developed in a format of answers on Likert scale, with the analyses of data from the respondents as well as their contribution within sample assembly exploratory factorial analysis and the charge factor item from the questionnaire with usage of polychoric correlation matrix with which it is proposed to establish the ordering of the factors relevance as well as their correlations through parametric statistical analysis with the usage of a generalized model of partial credit which belongs to the family of the models for polyatomic gradual answers to the item response theory (IRT) and the applying of cluster analysis (ICLUST) with the usage of both alpha and omega coefficient for the estimation of the variables group, with the R tool. As a result, the present study aims to establish a comprehension of the main factors for the ordering of the actions and attention of public and private sectors towards the preservation of urban river basins.","PeriodicalId":58493,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与工程:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47231395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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