生理科学进展最新文献

Diabetes and its complications continue to be an increasing global health problem. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)has emerged as the third gasotransmitter following the nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in the body, and plays an important role in both physiology and pathophysiology. Recent work has suggested important roles for H2S in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell function, as well as development of insulin resistance and diabetic complications. Targeting H2S represents a novel therapeutic approach in diabetes and its associated complications. This review article summarizes the current body of evidence regarding the role of H2S in diabetes mellitus, and especially in its associated vascular complications, as well as the underlying signaling mechanisms.

As a famous toxic gas, the toxicological mechanism of carbon monoxide has been elucidated. However, carbon monoxide can be synthesized endogenously in human body and play important roles in cardiovascular systems. The results from previous researches of carbon monoxide suggested that carbon monoxide could be an intervention target of many cardiovascular diseases. Future studies are deserved in this area.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)has emerged as pivotal signaling molecules since it is recognized as the third gasotransmitter together with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. The development of detecting technologies contributed to the research in H2S biology.H2S plays significant roles in human body systems, such as the cardiovascular system, nervous system, respiratory system etc.. Alterations of H2S concentrations have been connected with many diseases. Hypertension, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorder, asthma and many other diseases are found to be related with abnormal H2S metabolism. It has become a potential drug for therapeutic purposes. Understanding the mechanism of H2S biology, including a molecular switch contained in its "receptor", has deepened the research on how small molecules regulate big molecules, as well as providing new strategy for the therapeutic approaches for varies of diseases.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)is a novel gastrotransmitter, and plays a protective role in many diseases. Adipocyte endogenously produces H2S by cystathionine β synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST).The endogenous H2S in adipocyte plays an essential role in glucose uptake activity and utilization, lipolysis and adipocyte differentiation, and then takes part in the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.H2S regulates adipocyte energy metabolism by activation activating insulin receptor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) or potassium channel. H2S acts as an "energy switch" in regulation of metabolic diseases.

The sulfur-containing gases hydrogen sulfide (H2S)and sulfur dioxide (SO2 )were previously considered to be waste gases. Recent studies showed that they could be endogenously generated from metabolism of the sulfur-containing amino acids in mammals. Endogenous H2S and SO2 generation pathways also existed in the cardiovascular system.H2S and SO2 had important physiological effects in the cardio-vascular system including vasorelaxation and myocardial negative inotropic effect. The pathophysiological effects of H2S and SO2 in the cardiovascular system have been recognized, such as alleviating hypertension and pulmonary hypertension, inhibiting the development of atherosclerosis, and protecting against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I /R)injury and isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury. Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP )channel, L-type calcium (L-Ca2 +) channel, cGMP, NF-κB signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway and so on participated in the biological effects of H2S and SO2 .The above findings suggested that H2S and SO2 were important endogenous gaseous signaling molecules in the cardiovascular system, which provided a new way to elucidate the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of cardiovascular diseases.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S),the third gaseous signal molecule after carbon monoxide (NO)and nitric oxide (CO),has been widely studied by many researchers.H2S plays important roles in neurobiology. This article overviews the roles of H2S in neuroprotection and neuromodulator and summarizes the progress of its role in central nervous disease.