Landslides are a natural phenomenon that happens all around the world. When happening in urban areas they become a disaster, disrupting the life-style of a community or society. Human losses, social impacts, and structural damage are some of the landslide’s effects. The current climate variability shows an increase in extreme weather conditions, either with long periods of drought or heavy and long-term rainfall. In Brazil, landslides are one of the deadliest disasters; they are usually preceded and triggered by heavy rainfall and already have affected more than 4 million people. Moreover, with the population growth, areas with high declivities have been occupied and turned into urban areas. Those people living there are vulnerable to suffering from landslides, losing their homes, and in extreme cases, losing their life. The identification and monitoring of landslide-prone areas are crucial to avoid disasters. Several advanced models, with different approaches, were developed to identify the landslide-prone areas. Aiming to decide the model that provides more satisfactory results, this paper presents a literature review of the applicability and limitations of three advanced models. The three models are Sinmap, Shalstab and TRIGRS. The analysis determined that all three models are adequate for stability management in slope areas. Moreover, TRIGRS results are more accurate than Shalstab, and the Sinmap model provides an over-estimation of landslide-prone areas.
{"title":"Advanced Models Applied for the Elaboration of Landslide-Prone Maps, a Review","authors":"Téhrrie König, H. Kux, A. Corsi","doi":"10.4236/ijg.2022.133010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2022.133010","url":null,"abstract":"Landslides are a natural phenomenon that happens all around the world. When happening in urban areas they become a disaster, disrupting the life-style of a community or society. Human losses, social impacts, and structural damage are some of the landslide’s effects. The current climate variability shows an increase in extreme weather conditions, either with long periods of drought or heavy and long-term rainfall. In Brazil, landslides are one of the deadliest disasters; they are usually preceded and triggered by heavy rainfall and already have affected more than 4 million people. Moreover, with the population growth, areas with high declivities have been occupied and turned into urban areas. Those people living there are vulnerable to suffering from landslides, losing their homes, and in extreme cases, losing their life. The identification and monitoring of landslide-prone areas are crucial to avoid disasters. Several advanced models, with different approaches, were developed to identify the landslide-prone areas. Aiming to decide the model that provides more satisfactory results, this paper presents a literature review of the applicability and limitations of three advanced models. The three models are Sinmap, Shalstab and TRIGRS. The analysis determined that all three models are adequate for stability management in slope areas. Moreover, TRIGRS results are more accurate than Shalstab, and the Sinmap model provides an over-estimation of landslide-prone areas.","PeriodicalId":58825,"journal":{"name":"地球科学国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ijg.2022.1310050
Wanbai Dong, Xiang Zhang, J. Zhong
{"title":"Application of Seismic Bedding Slice in Short to Medium Term Sequence Stratigraphy Division: A Case Study of the Sartu-Putaohua Oil Reservoir in Songliao Basin, China","authors":"Wanbai Dong, Xiang Zhang, J. Zhong","doi":"10.4236/ijg.2022.1310050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2022.1310050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58825,"journal":{"name":"地球科学国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seasonal Behaviour of Mesoscale Eddy Trajectories in the North Indian Ocean Based on Satellite Altimetry","authors":"S. M. Pednekar","doi":"10.4236/ijg.2022.132006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2022.132006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58825,"journal":{"name":"地球科学国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inza Gnanou, Aristide Marie Frédéric Gyébré, Karim Guibula, Christian Zoundi, F. Ouattara
{"title":"Energetic Dynamics of the Inner Magnetosphere in Contact with Fast Solar Wind Currents: Case of the Period 1964-2009","authors":"Inza Gnanou, Aristide Marie Frédéric Gyébré, Karim Guibula, Christian Zoundi, F. Ouattara","doi":"10.4236/ijg.2022.135018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2022.135018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58825,"journal":{"name":"地球科学国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70690294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural Control of Ore Mineralization in the Southeastern Margin of Western Nigeria Basement","authors":"M. Adepoju","doi":"10.4236/ijg.2022.137029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2022.137029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58825,"journal":{"name":"地球科学国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70690733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nile Delta which covers approximately 60,000 square kilometers represents the most important gas province in Egypt whereas its fields provide two-thirds of the gas production in Egypt. The Nile Delta province begins to dis-play its hydrocarbon potentiality in the early 1960s. Nidoco field is located in the shallow water offshore Nile delta. Abu Madi formation (Messinian age) is the most important formation through all the section where it represents the main gas producing reservoirs in the Field. The production of the field is coming from two sand reservoir levels; Abu Madi level 2&3 which are characterized by fluvial-deltaic sandstones. The purpose of this paper is to perce-ive the Messinian gas bearing reservoirs and channelized sand distribution inside Abu Madi formation using seismic attributes and amplitude versus offset (AVO) technique. The results indicated that the seismic attributes and AVO aided to give a complete picture about the Messinian reservoirs distribution and characterization in the field. Also the results show that there are still promising locations of prospective Abu Madi Level 2&3 which are pro-posed to be drilled in the field.
{"title":"Applications of Amplitude versus Offset and Seismic Attributes for Perceiving Messinian Reservoirs in Nidoco Field, Nile Delta, Egypt","authors":"Ahmed Abu El-Saoud, A. Helal, J. Matresu, A. Lala","doi":"10.4236/ijg.2022.135017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2022.135017","url":null,"abstract":"Nile Delta which covers approximately 60,000 square kilometers represents the most important gas province in Egypt whereas its fields provide two-thirds of the gas production in Egypt. The Nile Delta province begins to dis-play its hydrocarbon potentiality in the early 1960s. Nidoco field is located in the shallow water offshore Nile delta. Abu Madi formation (Messinian age) is the most important formation through all the section where it represents the main gas producing reservoirs in the Field. The production of the field is coming from two sand reservoir levels; Abu Madi level 2&3 which are characterized by fluvial-deltaic sandstones. The purpose of this paper is to perce-ive the Messinian gas bearing reservoirs and channelized sand distribution inside Abu Madi formation using seismic attributes and amplitude versus offset (AVO) technique. The results indicated that the seismic attributes and AVO aided to give a complete picture about the Messinian reservoirs distribution and characterization in the field. Also the results show that there are still promising locations of prospective Abu Madi Level 2&3 which are pro-posed to be drilled in the field.","PeriodicalId":58825,"journal":{"name":"地球科学国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70690078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Naeem Sarwary, Chamanshah Alamy, Mohammad Ltif Rahimi, Pramod Kumar
{"title":"Interpretation of Depositional Environment of Fusulinid Bearing Middle Permian Succession of Bolula and Khaja Ghar Formation, Bamian Zone, Central Afghanistan","authors":"Mohammad Naeem Sarwary, Chamanshah Alamy, Mohammad Ltif Rahimi, Pramod Kumar","doi":"10.4236/ijg.2022.137027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2022.137027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58825,"journal":{"name":"地球科学国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70690844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ibrahim Ahmad Bany Yaseen, Abd Alkareem Eefan Al Smairan
Al Azraq Al Shamali (AZS) basaltic rocks were investigated aiming to under-stand their mineralogy, petrography and geochemistry features, and to achieve that a total of sixteen representative rock samples were selected for both geochemical and petrographic analysis from several sites in the study area. Petrographic characteristics were analyzed by optical microscopy after preparation thin sections for representative rock samples, which show that all basalt samples have minerals comprising: olivine, plagioclase (labradorite), clinopyroxene (augite), opaque’s and some secondary minerals such as Iddingsite, however, the proportions of each mineral vary between samples. Normative mineralogy by using CIPW Norm showed that AZS basalt samples dominated by olivine, Diopside, and nepheline, and AZS basalt can be normatively classified as alkali olivine basalt. Some textures that may be evident on microscopic examination such as porphyritic, glomeroporphyritic, vesicular, intergranular, and ophitic to sub-ophitic texture. X- Ray Fluorescence was used for whole rock major elements analysis (SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO, MgO, CaO, Na 2 O, K 2 O
对Al Azraq Al Shamali (AZS)玄武岩进行了研究，目的是了解其矿物学、岩石学和地球化学特征，并从研究地区的几个地点共选择了16个具有代表性的岩石样品进行地球化学和岩石学分析。对代表性岩石样品进行薄片制备后的岩石学特征进行了光学显微镜分析，结果表明，所有玄武岩样品均含有橄榄石、斜长石(labradorite)、斜辉石(augite)、不透明矿物和一些次生矿物如Iddingsite，但每种矿物的比例在样品之间有所不同。CIPW Norm规范矿物学分析表明，AZS玄武岩样品以橄榄石、透辉石和霞石为主，可归为碱性橄榄岩玄武岩。镜下可见一些结构，如卟啉质、肾小球卟啉质、水泡状、粒间质和蛇至亚蛇啉质。采用X射线荧光法对全岩主要元素(sio2、tio2、al2o3、fe2o3、MnO、MgO、CaO、Na 2o、k2o)进行了分析
{"title":"Petrography, Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the Basalt Flow at Al Azraq Al Shamali Area, East Jordan","authors":"Ibrahim Ahmad Bany Yaseen, Abd Alkareem Eefan Al Smairan","doi":"10.4236/ijg.2022.138037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2022.138037","url":null,"abstract":"Al Azraq Al Shamali (AZS) basaltic rocks were investigated aiming to under-stand their mineralogy, petrography and geochemistry features, and to achieve that a total of sixteen representative rock samples were selected for both geochemical and petrographic analysis from several sites in the study area. Petrographic characteristics were analyzed by optical microscopy after preparation thin sections for representative rock samples, which show that all basalt samples have minerals comprising: olivine, plagioclase (labradorite), clinopyroxene (augite), opaque’s and some secondary minerals such as Iddingsite, however, the proportions of each mineral vary between samples. Normative mineralogy by using CIPW Norm showed that AZS basalt samples dominated by olivine, Diopside, and nepheline, and AZS basalt can be normatively classified as alkali olivine basalt. Some textures that may be evident on microscopic examination such as porphyritic, glomeroporphyritic, vesicular, intergranular, and ophitic to sub-ophitic texture. X- Ray Fluorescence was used for whole rock major elements analysis (SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO, MgO, CaO, Na 2 O, K 2 O","PeriodicalId":58825,"journal":{"name":"地球科学国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70691691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generation and Disruption of Subducted Lithosphere in the Central-Western Mediterranean Region and Time-Space Distribution of Magmatic Activity Since the Late Miocene","authors":"E. Mantovani, M. Viti, C. Tamburelli, D. Babbucci","doi":"10.4236/ijg.2022.139041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2022.139041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58825,"journal":{"name":"地球科学国际期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70691934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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