Davine Atieno Ondede, Dennis O. Ochuodho, M. Ayieko
{"title":"Eco-Climatic Factors Influencing the Distribution of Black Ants (<i>Carebara vidua</i>) in Western Kenya","authors":"Davine Atieno Ondede, Dennis O. Ochuodho, M. Ayieko","doi":"10.4236/ae.2022.103017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2022.103017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58873,"journal":{"name":"昆虫学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70484249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Etienne Tendeng, Babacar Labou, Elhadji Serigne Sylla, A. Balde, M. Diatte, O. Seydi, I. Ndiaye, P. Diop, S. O. Sène, S. Djiba, K. Diarra
Crop pests are a permanent threat to horticultural production. Several control methods are recommended for their control, including biological control. This method based on the use of natural enemies is not well established. The objective of this study was to assess the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of crop pests. A survey of crops associated with pests was carried out on 144 fields in southern Senegal to measure the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of various crop pests, determine the native parasitoid complex and assess parasitism rates. Ecological indices were calculated to assess the diversity of natural enemies. A total of 25 natural enemy species were identified, including 15 parasitoids and 10 predators. Predatory Hemiptera and Parasitoid Hymenoptera were high biodiversity. The parasitism rates vary between 0 and 50% depending on the abundance of pests and parasitoid species. Knowledge of the diversity of natural enemies and the understanding of trophic interactions with pests are important in the development of biological crop protection in order to preserve resilience in agroecosystems.
{"title":"Natural Enemies and Pest Control in Field-Grown Crop in Southern Senegal","authors":"Etienne Tendeng, Babacar Labou, Elhadji Serigne Sylla, A. Balde, M. Diatte, O. Seydi, I. Ndiaye, P. Diop, S. O. Sène, S. Djiba, K. Diarra","doi":"10.4236/ae.2022.104021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2022.104021","url":null,"abstract":"Crop pests are a permanent threat to horticultural production. Several control methods are recommended for their control, including biological control. This method based on the use of natural enemies is not well established. The objective of this study was to assess the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of crop pests. A survey of crops associated with pests was carried out on 144 fields in southern Senegal to measure the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of various crop pests, determine the native parasitoid complex and assess parasitism rates. Ecological indices were calculated to assess the diversity of natural enemies. A total of 25 natural enemy species were identified, including 15 parasitoids and 10 predators. Predatory Hemiptera and Parasitoid Hymenoptera were high biodiversity. The parasitism rates vary between 0 and 50% depending on the abundance of pests and parasitoid species. Knowledge of the diversity of natural enemies and the understanding of trophic interactions with pests are important in the development of biological crop protection in order to preserve resilience in agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":58873,"journal":{"name":"昆虫学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70484349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean Wini Goudoungou, Félicité Arindo, Katamssadan Haman Tofel, Raoul Barry Borkeum, Jean Pierre Abdou, Elias Nchiwan Nukenine
Cowpea seed constitutes an important source of proteins for populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. But this food resource is heavily damaged by cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. The control of that pest is mainly carried out by using synthetic insecticides. Despite the efficacy of this method, it caused environmental and health problems. Therefore, the search for alternative methods is vivaciously needed. In this issue, the bio-efficacy of Plectranthus kirbii extracts was assessed on C. maculatus regarding adult mortality, suppression of population and grain damage as well as seed viability preservation and repellency. The leaf powder and aqueous extracts of the plant were tested at 2, 4, 8 and 16 g/kg on bruchid adult for toxicity and damage bioas-says. Repellency test was carried out using the plant aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/cm 2 . The seed viability was eva-luated using seeds preserved for three months at the single concentration of 16 g/kg of each plant extract. Significant mortality of cowpea extracts were classified as the class III repellent product, while aqueous extract ranged as class IV in repellency. Considering these findings, the extracts of P. kirbii could favourably replace the synthetic insecticides used in the cowpea protection during storage.
{"title":"Bioefficacy of <i>Plectranthus kirbii</i> Powder and Extracts on Stored Cowpea Pest <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i> (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)","authors":"Jean Wini Goudoungou, Félicité Arindo, Katamssadan Haman Tofel, Raoul Barry Borkeum, Jean Pierre Abdou, Elias Nchiwan Nukenine","doi":"10.4236/ae.2022.103015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2022.103015","url":null,"abstract":"Cowpea seed constitutes an important source of proteins for populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. But this food resource is heavily damaged by cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. The control of that pest is mainly carried out by using synthetic insecticides. Despite the efficacy of this method, it caused environmental and health problems. Therefore, the search for alternative methods is vivaciously needed. In this issue, the bio-efficacy of Plectranthus kirbii extracts was assessed on C. maculatus regarding adult mortality, suppression of population and grain damage as well as seed viability preservation and repellency. The leaf powder and aqueous extracts of the plant were tested at 2, 4, 8 and 16 g/kg on bruchid adult for toxicity and damage bioas-says. Repellency test was carried out using the plant aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/cm 2 . The seed viability was eva-luated using seeds preserved for three months at the single concentration of 16 g/kg of each plant extract. Significant mortality of cowpea extracts were classified as the class III repellent product, while aqueous extract ranged as class IV in repellency. Considering these findings, the extracts of P. kirbii could favourably replace the synthetic insecticides used in the cowpea protection during storage.","PeriodicalId":58873,"journal":{"name":"昆虫学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70484191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reham Z. Sadek, Shereen M. El Banna, F. Semida, S. Zalat
{"title":"Potential Insecticidal Effect of a Wasp (<i>Polistes dominulus</i>) and a Bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) Venoms in Controlling <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i>","authors":"Reham Z. Sadek, Shereen M. El Banna, F. Semida, S. Zalat","doi":"10.4236/ae.2022.104022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2022.104022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58873,"journal":{"name":"昆虫学(英文)","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70484360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Importance of <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> Forecasting Technology: A Review","authors":"Shunxiao Liu, Zhifang Yang, V. Volodymyr","doi":"10.4236/ae.2022.102011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2022.102011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58873,"journal":{"name":"昆虫学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70484588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Edmond, Foko Dadji Gisele Aurelie, Sonhafouo-Chiana Nadège, Bamou Roland, Djamouko-Djonkam Landre, Talipouo Abdou, Delogko Serges, N. Flobert, A. Parfait, Wondji Charles Sinclair, Antonio-Nkondjio Christophe
Background: With the rapid expansion of insecticide resistance limiting the effectiveness of insecticide-based vector control interventions, integrated control strategies associating larviciding could be appropriate to improve current control efforts. The present experimental study assesses laboratory and field efficacy of the larvicide VectoMaxG on Anopheline and Culicine larval stages in Yaoundé. Methods: The effect of the larvicide VectoMaxG, a combination of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bs), on larval development was assessed during both laboratory and open field trial experiments. Laboratory experiments permitted the evaluation of five different concentrations with four replicates/experiments. Laboratory experiments were conducted with Anopheles coluzzii “Ngousso” and Culex quinquefasciatus laboratory strains. Open field trials were conducted using sixteen plastic containers with a diameter of 0.31 m buried in an array of four rows with 4 containers each. Distance between rows and between containers in a row was 1 meter. This experiment permitted to test the How to cite this paper: Edmond, K., Aurelie, F.D.G., Nadège, S.-C., Roland, B., Landre, D.-D., Abdou, T., Serges, D., Flobert, N., Parfait, A.-A., Sinclair, W.C. and Christophe, A.-N. (2022) Efficacy of the Microbial Larvicide VectoMax®G against Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex spp. Larvae under Laboratory and Open Field Trial Experiments in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Advances in Entomology, 10, 34-51. https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2022.101003 Received: October 15, 2021 Accepted: November 27, 2021 Published: November 30, 2021
背景:随着杀虫剂耐药性的迅速扩大限制了基于杀虫剂的媒介控制干预措施的有效性，结合杀幼虫的综合控制策略可能是适当的，以改善目前的控制工作。本实验研究评估了杀幼虫剂VectoMaxG对云南省按蚊和烹饪幼虫期的室内和现场效果。方法:采用室内试验和露天试验的方法，评价苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, Bti)和球孢芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus, Bs)联合配制的杀幼虫剂VectoMaxG对幼虫发育的影响。实验室实验允许通过四次重复/实验对五种不同浓度进行评估。用科鲁兹按蚊“恩古索”和致倦库蚊实验室菌株进行实验。野外试验采用16个直径为0.31 m的塑料容器，每排埋4个，共4排。行与行之间和一排容器之间的距离为1米。这个实验允许测试如何引用这篇论文:Edmond, K, Aurelie, f.d.g.， nad， s . c。，罗兰，B，兰德，d。， Abdou, T.， Serges, D.， Flobert, N.， Parfait, a .。辛克莱，W.C.和克里斯托夫，a.n。(2022)微生物杀蚊剂VectoMax®G对冈比亚按蚊和库蚊幼虫的室内和露天试验。昆虫学进展，2010,34 -51。https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2022.101003收稿日期:2021年10月15日接收日期:2021年11月27日发布日期:2021年11月30日
{"title":"Efficacy of the Microbial Larvicide VectoMax®G against Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex spp. Larvae under Laboratory and Open Field Trial Experiments in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon","authors":"K. Edmond, Foko Dadji Gisele Aurelie, Sonhafouo-Chiana Nadège, Bamou Roland, Djamouko-Djonkam Landre, Talipouo Abdou, Delogko Serges, N. Flobert, A. Parfait, Wondji Charles Sinclair, Antonio-Nkondjio Christophe","doi":"10.4236/ae.2022.101003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2022.101003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With the rapid expansion of insecticide resistance limiting the effectiveness of insecticide-based vector control interventions, integrated control strategies associating larviciding could be appropriate to improve current control efforts. The present experimental study assesses laboratory and field efficacy of the larvicide VectoMaxG on Anopheline and Culicine larval stages in Yaoundé. Methods: The effect of the larvicide VectoMaxG, a combination of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bs), on larval development was assessed during both laboratory and open field trial experiments. Laboratory experiments permitted the evaluation of five different concentrations with four replicates/experiments. Laboratory experiments were conducted with Anopheles coluzzii “Ngousso” and Culex quinquefasciatus laboratory strains. Open field trials were conducted using sixteen plastic containers with a diameter of 0.31 m buried in an array of four rows with 4 containers each. Distance between rows and between containers in a row was 1 meter. This experiment permitted to test the How to cite this paper: Edmond, K., Aurelie, F.D.G., Nadège, S.-C., Roland, B., Landre, D.-D., Abdou, T., Serges, D., Flobert, N., Parfait, A.-A., Sinclair, W.C. and Christophe, A.-N. (2022) Efficacy of the Microbial Larvicide VectoMax®G against Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex spp. Larvae under Laboratory and Open Field Trial Experiments in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Advances in Entomology, 10, 34-51. https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2022.101003 Received: October 15, 2021 Accepted: November 27, 2021 Published: November 30, 2021","PeriodicalId":58873,"journal":{"name":"昆虫学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70484013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Termites are social insects that inhabit colonies in the soil. Termites feed on a wide range of plants found within diverse habitats of Luanda Sub-County. This study aimed at assessing feed preference of edible termites and analyzing their phytochemical composition. Termites were exposed to ten different test plants in their natural habitats to assess feed preference. Forty-seven study sites were selected as they had high termite abundance from previous studies. The test plants were Grevillea robusta, sugarcane, maize, blue citronella grass, Eucalyptus, mango, avocado, neem, bamboo and a mixture of all the ten plants. Small pits were dug in the ground where the ten treatments were placed and replicated four times each. The test plants were placed in the evening then covered with soil block. The number of termites feeding on the test plants was counted after 12 hours the following day. There were separate trials for crushed and uncrushed feed substrates. The feed substrates that showed high feed preference was selected for phytochemical analysis. The plants whose crude extract was obtained were Grevillea robusta, bamboo, Eucalyptus, cypress, maize and sugarcane. The results for this study were analysed using one-way ANOVA. The study revealed that crushed feed substrates had a high level of feed preference by termites p < 0.05. The mixture of all the feed substrates also showed high termite preference and a mean and SE of 676.500 ± 41.7 a . Phytochemical analysis of the crude plant extracts revealed that Eucalyptus had the highest number of phytochemicals present 9 out of 12. The identified phytochemicals were saponins, tannins, alkaloids, resins, cardiac glycosides, flavones.
{"title":"Analysis of Feed Preference of Edible Termites (Isoptera) on Selected Plants and Their Crude Extract Phytochemistry","authors":"C. M. Ameka, B. Muok, H. Oyieke","doi":"10.4236/ae.2022.101004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2022.101004","url":null,"abstract":"Termites are social insects that inhabit colonies in the soil. Termites feed on a wide range of plants found within diverse habitats of Luanda Sub-County. This study aimed at assessing feed preference of edible termites and analyzing their phytochemical composition. Termites were exposed to ten different test plants in their natural habitats to assess feed preference. Forty-seven study sites were selected as they had high termite abundance from previous studies. The test plants were Grevillea robusta, sugarcane, maize, blue citronella grass, Eucalyptus, mango, avocado, neem, bamboo and a mixture of all the ten plants. Small pits were dug in the ground where the ten treatments were placed and replicated four times each. The test plants were placed in the evening then covered with soil block. The number of termites feeding on the test plants was counted after 12 hours the following day. There were separate trials for crushed and uncrushed feed substrates. The feed substrates that showed high feed preference was selected for phytochemical analysis. The plants whose crude extract was obtained were Grevillea robusta, bamboo, Eucalyptus, cypress, maize and sugarcane. The results for this study were analysed using one-way ANOVA. The study revealed that crushed feed substrates had a high level of feed preference by termites p < 0.05. The mixture of all the feed substrates also showed high termite preference and a mean and SE of 676.500 ± 41.7 a . Phytochemical analysis of the crude plant extracts revealed that Eucalyptus had the highest number of phytochemicals present 9 out of 12. The identified phytochemicals were saponins, tannins, alkaloids, resins, cardiac glycosides, flavones.","PeriodicalId":58873,"journal":{"name":"昆虫学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70484054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Termites are social insects that live in colonies underground. Globally, there are 3000 termite species, of which 39% are found in Africa. Termites are used as food and livestock feed in most communities of the world. In Kenya, termites are consumed by many communities, especially in the western region. Termite species diversity across different parts of the Luanda sub-county was established as there are many edible and non-edible species in the area. This study assessed the species diversity of termites in Luanda sub-county, and characterized them morphologically. Termites were sampled in Luanda sub-county using the line transect method. The collected termites were preserved in tubes containing 70% Ethanol. The preserved samples were taken to the National Museums of Kenya for morphological identification up to species level. Species richness of each habitat was analyzed for diversity (Shannon-Wiener) index and Shannon index by using Vegan package version 1.16 32 in R. The differences in species composition and diversity of termites were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Morphological identification recorded seven species, namely, Macrotermes herus, Macrotermes spp1, Macrotermes sp1, Pseudocanthotermes grandiceps, Macrotermes bellicosus, Macrotermes spp2 and Pseudocanthotermes militaris. The results of this study showed that the Shannon diversity index H was 0.3606 while Simpson index D was 0.20644, which implied a high species diversity of termites in Luanda sub-county a leading producer of edible termites in Kenya.
{"title":"Morphological Identification of Edible Termites (Isoptera) in Luanda Sub-County, Kenya","authors":"Ameka Caleb, Oyieke Helida, Elisheba Amolo, Muok Benard","doi":"10.4236/ae.2022.102012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2022.102012","url":null,"abstract":"Termites are social insects that live in colonies underground. Globally, there are 3000 termite species, of which 39% are found in Africa. Termites are used as food and livestock feed in most communities of the world. In Kenya, termites are consumed by many communities, especially in the western region. Termite species diversity across different parts of the Luanda sub-county was established as there are many edible and non-edible species in the area. This study assessed the species diversity of termites in Luanda sub-county, and characterized them morphologically. Termites were sampled in Luanda sub-county using the line transect method. The collected termites were preserved in tubes containing 70% Ethanol. The preserved samples were taken to the National Museums of Kenya for morphological identification up to species level. Species richness of each habitat was analyzed for diversity (Shannon-Wiener) index and Shannon index by using Vegan package version 1.16 32 in R. The differences in species composition and diversity of termites were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Morphological identification recorded seven species, namely, Macrotermes herus, Macrotermes spp1, Macrotermes sp1, Pseudocanthotermes grandiceps, Macrotermes bellicosus, Macrotermes spp2 and Pseudocanthotermes militaris. The results of this study showed that the Shannon diversity index H was 0.3606 while Simpson index D was 0.20644, which implied a high species diversity of termites in Luanda sub-county a leading producer of edible termites in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":58873,"journal":{"name":"昆虫学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70484601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aissam El Finti, Rachida El Boullani, A. Zahidi, A. El Mousadik
{"title":"Management of the Prickly Pear Mealy Bug, <i>Dactylopius opuntiae</i> Using Bio-Insecticide in Morocco","authors":"Aissam El Finti, Rachida El Boullani, A. Zahidi, A. El Mousadik","doi":"10.4236/ae.2022.104019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2022.104019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58873,"journal":{"name":"昆虫学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70484298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yubak Dhoj GC, Bhakta R. Palikhe, Baogen Gu, Grenier Beatrice
Pesticide is one of the major inputs in modern agriculture and its uses are increasing annually. Pesticides are seen as inherently benign, in the same way that medicines are. Many local languages even use the same word for “pesti-cide” and “medicine”. Along with the increasing consumption of pesticides, Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs), which are more toxic are still in widespread use in Asia and constitute a substantial challenge to human health and the environment especially in low- and middle-income countries with less resources, training and capacities to deal with them. Reducing the risks posed by HHPs has become a priority in various international chemicals management policies, and many countries have started taking action accordingly. The objective of the paper is to establish the national status of the use of HHPs in Asia in line with FAO/WHO criteria for HHPs and encourage deliberate consideration of mitigation options for effective management of HHPs. This report is based on the nationally registered pesticide active ingredients and other related information obtained from Pesticide Registration Authori-ties of 13 Asian countries and research reports of different national and international journals. There are currently about 3557 pesticide products (active ingredients) registered in 13 Asian countries to control pests on crops and for public health uses, and 214 HHPs among the list of registered pesticides still in use in these Asian countries. An analysis of the list of registered formulated products revealed that from academia and research organizations to construct a baseline data which may be helpful to tone down the HHP situation in the country.
{"title":"Status of Highly Hazardous Pesticides and Their Mitigation Measures in Asia","authors":"Yubak Dhoj GC, Bhakta R. Palikhe, Baogen Gu, Grenier Beatrice","doi":"10.4236/ae.2022.101002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2022.101002","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticide is one of the major inputs in modern agriculture and its uses are increasing annually. Pesticides are seen as inherently benign, in the same way that medicines are. Many local languages even use the same word for “pesti-cide” and “medicine”. Along with the increasing consumption of pesticides, Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs), which are more toxic are still in widespread use in Asia and constitute a substantial challenge to human health and the environment especially in low- and middle-income countries with less resources, training and capacities to deal with them. Reducing the risks posed by HHPs has become a priority in various international chemicals management policies, and many countries have started taking action accordingly. The objective of the paper is to establish the national status of the use of HHPs in Asia in line with FAO/WHO criteria for HHPs and encourage deliberate consideration of mitigation options for effective management of HHPs. This report is based on the nationally registered pesticide active ingredients and other related information obtained from Pesticide Registration Authori-ties of 13 Asian countries and research reports of different national and international journals. There are currently about 3557 pesticide products (active ingredients) registered in 13 Asian countries to control pests on crops and for public health uses, and 214 HHPs among the list of registered pesticides still in use in these Asian countries. An analysis of the list of registered formulated products revealed that from academia and research organizations to construct a baseline data which may be helpful to tone down the HHP situation in the country.","PeriodicalId":58873,"journal":{"name":"昆虫学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70483997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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