International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology最新文献

Rapid industrial expansion and population growth in Indonesia have led to severe water pollution in the Cikakembang River, a tributary of the Citarum River. This study evaluated the potential of microbial bioremediation as a cost-effective and sustainable approach to improve water quality. The experiment evaluated the effects of bacterial type, bacterial ratio, and aeration across twelve treatment combinations. Key water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N), nitrate (NO₃⁻), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphate (TP) were observed over a 9-day period, with measurements taken every three days. The results showed that bioremediation, particularly when combined with aeration, significantly improved water quality, achieving notable reductions in COD and nitrogen compounds. Significant improvements were achieved under aerated conditions, with average reductions of 82.45% COD, 78.94% NH3–N, 71.83% NO₃⁻, 33.49% TN, and 95.62% TP. Combinations B2 and B3, using the first bacterial set and aeration at ratios of 1:50,000 and 1:100,000, showed the highest pollutant removal efficiency. These findings demonstrate the strong potential of microbial bioremediation with aeration for reducing organic and nutrient pollutants in river systems similar to the Cikakembang River.

Salt stress is one of the most important environmental factors limiting onion cultivation worldwide. This study investigated the effects of different doses of melatonin on some phenological characteristics and biochemistry of three onion genotypes with different dry skin colors under salinity stress. Onion seedlings treated with 0, 4, and 8 μM exogenous melatonin at certain stages of development were grown under stress conditions irrigated with 0, 150, and 300 mM NaCl. Phenotypic traits were evaluated, such as the number of leaves, length of the longest leaf, diameter of the white pseudostem, leaf erectness, whole-plant fresh weight, degree of leaf waxiness, and bulb weight. In addition, the total amount of phenolic substances, flavonoids, soluble protein, antioxidant capacity, and carotenoid and chlorophyll contents were also measured. Salt-induced phytotoxicity markedly affected the development and physiology of all onion cultivars. The degree of salt stress and the level of melatonin that provided the most effective response differed for each cultivar. For example, 8 µM melatonin supplementation was effective in the Burgaz cultivar to stop the decrease in whole plant weight under 300 mM salt stress conditions. In the Gence cultivar samples grown under 300 mM salt stress without melatonin addition, total phenolic matter content increased with the addition of 4 µM melatonin and decreased with the addition of 8 µM melatonin. Nevertheless, improvements in some morphological parameters, phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant contents, as well as higher chlorophyll contents in plant tissues, indicated that exogenous melatonin application may effectively enhance onions’ salt tolerance.

The urban heat island (UHI) effect has become a serious environmental challenge in the global urbanization process. This study provides a systematic review of the mechanisms influencing factors, methods and optimization strategies of urban forests as a key natural solution for mitigating the UHI effect. This review integrated 140 pieces of literature from 2010 to 2025. This manuscript elucidated the cooling mechanisms of urban forests and analyzed various key factors that influence their cooling effects. It also summarized the primary research methods for evaluating the cooling performance of urban forests. Based on these findings, it proposed targeted planning and management strategies. This manuscript provides valuable evidence and practical guidance for enhancing the heat-reduction benefits of urban forests, thus helping mitigate the urban heat island effect.

Algeria faces pressing challenges in managing approximately 50,000 tons of wastewatersludge per year—classified as special wasteunder the 2006 decree—and around 3 million tons of green waste, most of which are disposed of unsustainably. This paper proposes the co-composting of these waste streams through a Nexus Approach that interlinks water, energy, and food systems. The method balances the nitrogen-rich sludge with carbon-rich green waste to produce high-quality compost for soil restoration. Pilot projects within Algeria’s Green Dam reforestation program have demonstrated 15–20% higher seedling survival rates, improved soil health, and reduced emissions—avoiding an estimated 500,000 tons of CO₂ annually from open burning. Although policy gaps remain, Law No. 25–02 (2025) provides a framework for integrating circular economy principles. The economic benefits include cost savings, job creation, and decreased dependence on imported fertilizers. Case studies, such as those conducted in Djelfa, highlight the role of compost in arid-land afforestation. Scaling up co-composting could sequester up to 150,000 tons of CO₂ per year, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and national climate objectives. This approach transforms waste into a valuable resource, offering a replicable model for sustainable development in arid regions.

The novel catalyst had been developed for the efficient treatment of tetracycline (TC) wastewater. The CoFe₂O₄/MoS₂/MIL-101(Fe) material was synthesized by a hydrothermal technique to facilitate the TC degradation by using activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The material was subjected to characterizations by SEM, XRD, XPS, and BET. Results proved that a significant quantity of micropores and a substantial specific surface of 82.0463 m²/g of this material could provide more active sites for catalytic activation reaction, and the regeneration cycle of Mo⁴⁺/Mo⁶⁺, Co²⁺/Co³⁺, Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ of this system could accelerate the electron transfer capacity to enhance the production of reactive radicals, further to improve the TC degradation. The degradation rate of 20 mg/L TC could achieve 99.19% within 60 min at a catalyst concentration of 0.1 g/L, PMS concentration of 0.3 g/L, and pH of 3. The CoFe₂O₄/MoS₂/MIL-101(Fe) possessed a stable and stretched crystal structure, after nine cycles of testing, the TC removal rate also reaching 77.53%. The CoFe₂O₄/MoS₂/MIL-101(Fe) might exist three degradation pathways, and SO₄^−· and ·OH played dominant roles in the degradation of TC. This study provided theoretical support for the application for treating the tetracycline wastewater by solving the problem of easy agglomeration, few exposed active sites, and lower internal Fe³⁺/Co³⁺ reduction rate.

Sustainable fashion has emerged as a pressing priority in textile manufacturing, yet most existing studies fall short of addressing how recycled fibers can be systematically integrated into production while balancing cost, quality, and demand. Although prior work has emphasized the environmental and economic relevance of recycled fibers, little attention has been given to developing an operational model that simultaneously captures production constraints, market dynamics, and sustainability objectives. The objective of this study is to address this gap by developing a mathematical optimization model that determines the optimal fiber-mix composition for textile manufacturing, integrating sustainability requirements, production constraints, and demand dynamics. By explicitly discussing the trade-offs among price, quality, and marketing efforts, the study provides new insights for fiber-mix decision-making in sustainable fashion. The model integrates both the minimum required proportion of recycled fibers to support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the operational limitations associated with higher recycled content. Computational experiments and scenario analysis demonstrate that the optimal fiber mix is 37:63 (recycled: virgin), which reduces unit price to 62% and quality to 87%, while improving sustainability and marketing factors by 30%, lowering material costs by 19%, and increasing production difficulty by 37%. These results collectively maximize demand and minimize unit total cost. The model operates under defined assumptions and is applicable within the limits of fiber spinning capabilities, sustainability requirements, and market conditions for recycled garments. The findings offer novel managerial insights and demonstrate the scientific rigor of the optimization approach for guiding sustainable textile production decisions.

Taiwan’s offshore wind power plan, launched in 2012, has raised concerns about the impact of underwater noise on marine ecosystems, particularly cetaceans. However, despite the implementation of marine mammal observer systems worldwide, Taiwan’s Cetacean Observer system lacks comprehensive regulation, training, and vocational support. To address this gap, a comparative analysis of international marine mammal observer frameworks was conducted, relevant literature was reviewed, and in-depth interviews were conducted with seven stakeholders, including Taiwan’s Cetacean Observers, contractors, and marine experts. Four key problem areas were identified through thematic analysis: limited supervision of maritime construction, inadequate training curricula, unstable Taiwan’s Cetacean Observer employment and career development paths, and poor integration of cross-department resources. Based on these findings, it is recommended that regulatory supervision be strengthened, establishing a standardized, level-based training and re-certification system, lowering barriers to entry, and developing a one-stop integration platform to improve Taiwan’s Cetacean Observer effectiveness and marine conservation outcomes. These practical implications provide a roadmap for optimizing Taiwan’s Cetacean Observer system and mitigating impact of underwater noise.

Water contamination from the paint industry presents a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems due to the release of toxic substances such as solvents, heavy metals, pigments, and resins. To mitigate this issue, the development of efficient and sustainable treatment technologies is essential. This study explores the application of biodegradable membranes fabricated from agricultural waste for the removal of paint-derived pollutants from wastewater. Cellulose was extracted from sugarcane bagasse and cotton stalks and subsequently blended with chitosan nanoparticles and activated carbon through environmentally friendly synthesis methods. The resulting membranes were characterized using standard analytical techniques to evaluate their structural integrity and adsorption performance. Experimental results demonstrated a high removal efficiency of 99.1% for white paint contaminants. These findings highlight the potential of low-cost, bio-based membranes as an effective and sustainable solution for wastewater purification. Furthermore, the membranes show promise for broader applications, including the removal of industrial pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, and organic solvents, thereby contributing to sustainable water management and environmental protection.

Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract explains the degradation of the paint industry by membrane technology

Environmental remediation presents a significant challenge for scientists today. Researchers are exploring new methods, techniques, and materials to drive transformative advancements in this field. Traditional approaches to waste disposal and treatment face limitations, including high costs, environmental challenges, and reduced effectiveness at managing pollutant concentrations. Hazardous chemicals exist in various forms, depending on their availability and potential impact on living organisms. Remediation aims to reduce the concentration and bioavailability of these harmful compounds by converting them into safer or more beneficial forms, thereby addressing pollution issues. This comprehensive review examines emerging materials, particularly those of biological origin, including plants, agricultural waste, bacteria, algae, and fungi. We examine a wide array of materials designed to treat different environmental segments, including water, air, soil, and food, and describe various processing methods that enable these biological materials to serve specific remediation applications.

The industrial discharge of dyes into water bodies poses a threat to both public health and the environment; therefore, developing a wastewater treatment system based on multicomponent adsorption isotherms is crucial for effective water decontamination. This study addresses the issue of industrial dye removal by using a fixed-bed column packed with agricultural waste. At the same time, descriptive mathematical modeling is applied to understand the underlying phenomenon of adsorption. The study further incorporates Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson, Thomas, Clark, Freundlich, and Wolborska kinetic models, along with breakthrough curve analysis, to assess the effects of bed height and flow rate on adsorption performance. The results indicate that increasing the flow rate resulted in faster column saturation and lower adsorption efficiency. Moreover, increased bed height increases breakthrough times (100–120 h), and the highest adsorption volumes were observed at a flow rate of 12 mL/min and a column height of 12 cm. The Thomas model was determined to be the most suitable for varying conditions, although the Adams-Bohart and Yoon-Nelson models also demonstrated reasonable accuracy at lower flow rates. An innovative approach utilizing an electric pressure pump for large-scale removal of organic pollutants from wastewater reflects the method's scalability to industrial levels. This approach efficiently removes Methyl Green, sustaining high efficiency for up to 120 h with a single column implementation at high pressure. Overall, these findings contribute to the pursuit of sustainable and affordable water purification technologies, reinforcing the role of agricultural waste as a natural tool for environmental remediation.