The synthesis and structural characterization of cobalt(II) complexes of amino acid Schiff bases was prepared from Salicylaldehyde and three amino acid (Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine) in basic medium. The metal complexes was synthesized by treating an ethanolic solution of the ligand with appropriate amount of metal salts [1:2] [M:L] ratio. The synthesized Schiff bases and their metal complexes have been investigated on the bases of elemental chemical analysis, FTIR, electronic spectral, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, MS, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The electronic spectra of the metal complexes and their magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest octahedral structures are the probable coordination geometries for the isolated complexes. The Schiff bases and their metal complexes were preliminary scanned against various strains of microbes to study their biological effect.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterizations, Biological, and Molecular Docking Studies of Some Amino Acid Schiff Bases with Their Cobalt(II) Complexes","authors":"M. Salama, Soad Ahmed, Safaa S. Hassan","doi":"10.4236/ABC.2017.75013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABC.2017.75013","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis and structural characterization of cobalt(II) complexes of amino acid Schiff bases was prepared from Salicylaldehyde and three amino acid (Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine) in basic medium. The metal complexes was synthesized by treating an ethanolic solution of the ligand with appropriate amount of metal salts [1:2] [M:L] ratio. The synthesized Schiff bases and their metal complexes have been investigated on the bases of elemental chemical analysis, FTIR, electronic spectral, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, MS, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The electronic spectra of the metal complexes and their magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest octahedral structures are the probable coordination geometries for the isolated complexes. The Schiff bases and their metal complexes were preliminary scanned against various strains of microbes to study their biological effect.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43566565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A hypothesis is advanced in which life began from a Darwinian selection among a diversification of molecular species containing the phosphate moiety which broke the constraints implicit in the Second Law of Thermodynamics, discussed famously by Schrodinger, by obtaining energy from specific infrared frequencies located in the phosphorus-oxygen vibration at a frequency around 1000 cm-1. We propose the source of this energy was from the internal conversion of solar broadband energy by the phosphate mineral Apatite, present at the bottom of a primitive biogenesis pond. In this scenario, life is re-defined as being hotter than its environment and as using its excess energy, supplied by infra-red conversion, to react with its molecular environment and pump itself up the “entropy slope” thereby; replication is through breakages of increasingly large phosphate containing biopolymers. The idea has implications for modern explanations of living systems.
{"title":"Re-Thinking Biology—I. Maxwell’s Demon and the Spontaneous Origin of Life","authors":"C. Busby, C. Howard","doi":"10.4236/ABC.2017.75012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABC.2017.75012","url":null,"abstract":"A hypothesis is advanced in which life began from a Darwinian selection among a diversification of molecular species containing the phosphate moiety which broke the constraints implicit in the Second Law of Thermodynamics, discussed famously by Schrodinger, by obtaining energy from specific infrared frequencies located in the phosphorus-oxygen vibration at a frequency around 1000 cm-1. We propose the source of this energy was from the internal conversion of solar broadband energy by the phosphate mineral Apatite, present at the bottom of a primitive biogenesis pond. In this scenario, life is re-defined as being hotter than its environment and as using its excess energy, supplied by infra-red conversion, to react with its molecular environment and pump itself up the “entropy slope” thereby; replication is through breakages of increasingly large phosphate containing biopolymers. The idea has implications for modern explanations of living systems.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49069792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark Merchant, C. McAdon, S. Mead, Justin McFatter, C. McMahan, R. Griffith, Christopher M. Murray
Serum samples from all 23 extant crocodilian species were tested for phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity against nine different bacterial species. The data were used to generate a PLA2 activity profile for each crocodilian species, and the data were used to compare the activities of the three main lineages (Alligatoridae, Crocodylidae, and Gavialidae), the seven different genera, and to compare all of the 23 individual species. The data revealed that the three lineages ofcrocodilians (Alligatoridae, Crocodylidae, and Gavialidae) exhibited PLA2 activities toward nine species of bacteria that were statistically distinguishable. In addition, the PLA2 activities of crocodilians in a specific genus tended to be more similar to other members in their genus than to members of other crocodilian genera.
{"title":"Comparison of Serum Phospholipase A2 Activities of All Known Extant Crocodylian Species","authors":"Mark Merchant, C. McAdon, S. Mead, Justin McFatter, C. McMahan, R. Griffith, Christopher M. Murray","doi":"10.4236/ABC.2017.74010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABC.2017.74010","url":null,"abstract":"Serum samples from all 23 extant crocodilian species were tested for phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity against nine different bacterial species. The data were used to generate a PLA2 activity profile for each crocodilian species, and the data were used to compare the activities of the three main lineages (Alligatoridae, Crocodylidae, and Gavialidae), the seven different genera, and to compare all of the 23 individual species. The data revealed that the three lineages ofcrocodilians (Alligatoridae, Crocodylidae, and Gavialidae) exhibited PLA2 activities toward nine species of bacteria that were statistically distinguishable. In addition, the PLA2 activities of crocodilians in a specific genus tended to be more similar to other members in their genus than to members of other crocodilian genera.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44170847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Iwashita, N. Iguchi, A. Takashima, Daisuke Watanabe, Kimihiko Sano, Masahiko Ishikuro, K. Hata, J. Murata
In the human airway, the overproduction of MUC5AC mucin is a key feature of allergic asthma, and it induces airway narrowing and obstruction. The production of MUC5AC is regulated by several signals, but the mechanism is not completely understood. We investigated the effect of jabara, a citrus containing abundant flavonoids, on the regulation of MUC5AC production. When NCI-H292 human airway epithelial cells were cultured with jabara extracts, we found that the expression of Periodic acid-schiff stained mucin was suppressed with downregulated MUC5AC production. In human primary airway cells derived from asthmatic patients, MUC5AC production was also suppressed by jabara extracts. The treatment of cells with jabara extracts decreased ERK activation in NCI-H292 and in primary cells. These results show that jabara extracts contain some factors that suppress MUC5AC production and ERK activity and suggest that it will be useful for relieving asthma.
{"title":"Citrus jabara Extracts Suppress MUC5AC Mucin Production in Human Lung Epithelial Cells","authors":"J. Iwashita, N. Iguchi, A. Takashima, Daisuke Watanabe, Kimihiko Sano, Masahiko Ishikuro, K. Hata, J. Murata","doi":"10.4236/ABC.2017.73009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABC.2017.73009","url":null,"abstract":"In the human airway, the overproduction of MUC5AC mucin is a key feature of allergic asthma, and it induces airway narrowing and obstruction. The production of MUC5AC is regulated by several signals, but the mechanism is not completely understood. We investigated the effect of jabara, a citrus containing abundant flavonoids, on the regulation of MUC5AC production. When NCI-H292 human airway epithelial cells were cultured with jabara extracts, we found that the expression of Periodic acid-schiff stained mucin was suppressed with downregulated MUC5AC production. In human primary airway cells derived from asthmatic patients, MUC5AC production was also suppressed by jabara extracts. The treatment of cells with jabara extracts decreased ERK activation in NCI-H292 and in primary cells. These results show that jabara extracts contain some factors that suppress MUC5AC production and ERK activity and suggest that it will be useful for relieving asthma.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43878729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fc-epsilon receptor (CD23)-expressing follicular dendritic cells is a main prognostic factor in follicular lymphoma. Falaleeva N. A., Osmanov E. A., Tupitsyn N. N. Federal State Budgetary Institute N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Health Ministry of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia SUMMARY Follicular dendritic cells, expressing FceRII or CD23 (FceRIIFDCs) as a component of non-tumor environment have been studied in 232 follicular lymphoma (FL) patients. FceRIIFDCs were found in 87.5% of follicular lymphoma cases and were associated with a nodular pattern of tumor growth (p = 0.000), but not the cytological grade of lymphoma. There were no associations of FceRIIFDC with clinical prognostic factors (FLIPI indices) or with bone marrow involvement in FL patients by histology. The presence of FceRIIFDCs in tumor tissue was an independent prognostic factor according to treatment results, i.e. frequency of CR, duration of OS and PFS. Bone marrow involvement significantly worsened the prognosis in FceRIIFDC-positive group of patients. We suggest a new prognostic index (FDC-IP) that allows biochemical identification of the following patient groups: FceRIIFDC-positive patients without bone marrow involvement (good prognosis), FceRIIF-DC-positive patients with bone marrow involvement (intermediate prognosis), FceRIIFDC-negative patients (poor prognosis). These 3 groups significantly differ (p = 0.000) both in OS and in PFS. This is the first evidence of the possibility to assess tumor behavior and treatment results in FL according to lymphoma biochemical and other than clinical parameters.
表达Fc-epsilon受体(CD23)的滤泡树突状细胞是滤泡性淋巴瘤的主要预后因素。Falaleeva N. A, Osmanov E. A, Tupitsyn N. N. N.俄罗斯联邦卫生部俄罗斯癌症研究中心总结:在232例滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)患者中研究了表达FceRII或CD23 (FceRIIFDCs)的滤泡树突状细胞作为非肿瘤环境的组成部分。在87.5%的滤泡性淋巴瘤病例中发现fceriifdc，并与肿瘤生长的结节型相关(p = 0.000)，但与淋巴瘤的细胞学分级无关。从组织学上看，FceRIIFDC与FL患者的临床预后因素(FLIPI指数)或骨髓受累没有关联。根据治疗结果，即CR频率、OS持续时间和PFS，肿瘤组织中fceriifdc的存在是一个独立的预后因素。fceriifdc阳性组患者骨髓受累显著恶化预后。我们提出了一种新的预后指标(FDC-IP)，可以对以下患者组进行生化鉴定:无骨髓受累的fceriifdc阳性患者(预后良好)，骨髓受累的fceriifdc阳性患者(预后中等)，fceriifdc阴性患者(预后差)。3组的OS和PFS均有显著差异(p = 0.000)。这是根据淋巴瘤生化和其他临床参数评估FL肿瘤行为和治疗结果的可能性的第一个证据。
{"title":"Fc-Epsilon Receptor (CD23) Expressing Follicular Dendritic Cells as a Main Prognostic Factor in Follicular Lymphoma","authors":"N. Falaleeva, E. Osmanov, N. Tupitsyn","doi":"10.4236/ABC.2017.72007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABC.2017.72007","url":null,"abstract":"Fc-epsilon receptor (CD23)-expressing follicular dendritic cells is a main prognostic factor in follicular lymphoma. Falaleeva N. A., Osmanov E. A., Tupitsyn N. N. Federal State Budgetary Institute N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Health Ministry of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia SUMMARY Follicular dendritic cells, expressing FceRII or CD23 (FceRIIFDCs) as a component of non-tumor environment have been studied in 232 follicular lymphoma (FL) patients. FceRIIFDCs were found in 87.5% of follicular lymphoma cases and were associated with a nodular pattern of tumor growth (p = 0.000), but not the cytological grade of lymphoma. There were no associations of FceRIIFDC with clinical prognostic factors (FLIPI indices) or with bone marrow involvement in FL patients by histology. The presence of FceRIIFDCs in tumor tissue was an independent prognostic factor according to treatment results, i.e. frequency of CR, duration of OS and PFS. Bone marrow involvement significantly worsened the prognosis in FceRIIFDC-positive group of patients. We suggest a new prognostic index (FDC-IP) that allows biochemical identification of the following patient groups: FceRIIFDC-positive patients without bone marrow involvement (good prognosis), FceRIIF-DC-positive patients with bone marrow involvement (intermediate prognosis), FceRIIFDC-negative patients (poor prognosis). These 3 groups significantly differ (p = 0.000) both in OS and in PFS. This is the first evidence of the possibility to assess tumor behavior and treatment results in FL according to lymphoma biochemical and other than clinical parameters.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41710028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher G Toomey, D. Weiss, A. Chant, Megan M. Ackerman, B. Ahlers, Y. Lam, Christopher Ricciardi, D. Bourne, Christina M. Kraemer-Chant
Calmodulin from Homo sapiens is an α-helical calcium-binding protein that expresses to high levels in E. coli. When the N-terminus of a calmodulin variant is bound to Ca2+, it undergoes a conformational change, exposing hydrophobic pockets. This property can be utilized for purification purposes, as these pockets bind to phenyl sepharose resin with high affinity. Washing with EDTA chelates the Ca2+ ions from the protein, inducing a conformational change back to the more folded state and eluting the protein from the column. We describe herein the use of a protein expression and purification technique using the calmodulin variant and a short linker for proteolytic cleavage by the mutant NIa-Pro tobacco etch virus protease. We have shown this approach to be useful in obtaining purified quantities of various small proteins that could not be expressed using other methods, including high enough concentrations of a designed WW domain protein for NMR structural analysis. We have also obtained promising results on the usefulness of this procedure to express and purify zinc finger proteins without the addition of zinc ions or other cofactors.
{"title":"Development and Applications of a Calmodulin-Based Fusion Protein System for the Expression and Purification of WW and Zinc Finger Modules.","authors":"Christopher G Toomey, D. Weiss, A. Chant, Megan M. Ackerman, B. Ahlers, Y. Lam, Christopher Ricciardi, D. Bourne, Christina M. Kraemer-Chant","doi":"10.4236/ABC.2017.72006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABC.2017.72006","url":null,"abstract":"Calmodulin from Homo sapiens is an α-helical calcium-binding protein that expresses to high levels in E. coli. When the N-terminus of a calmodulin variant is bound to Ca2+, it undergoes a conformational change, exposing hydrophobic pockets. This property can be utilized for purification purposes, as these pockets bind to phenyl sepharose resin with high affinity. Washing with EDTA chelates the Ca2+ ions from the protein, inducing a conformational change back to the more folded state and eluting the protein from the column. We describe herein the use of a protein expression and purification technique using the calmodulin variant and a short linker for proteolytic cleavage by the mutant NIa-Pro tobacco etch virus protease. We have shown this approach to be useful in obtaining purified quantities of various small proteins that could not be expressed using other methods, including high enough concentrations of a designed WW domain protein for NMR structural analysis. We have also obtained promising results on the usefulness of this procedure to express and purify zinc finger proteins without the addition of zinc ions or other cofactors.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45790509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis Raúl Gutiérrez-Lucas, Luz María Chávez-Ramírez, L. Arregui
The Desierto de los Leones National Park is a place that features recreational activities for residents and visitors to Mexico City. The Presa de los Patos (Ducks Dam) is one of the many bodies of water that are present in the park. By means of physico-chemical and microbiological analysis, it was determined that the water of the Presa de los Patos cannot be considered potable. The pH range was between 5.5 - 5.9. The turbidity exceeded the values established in the standards (10.7 - 32.3 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU’s)). Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) showed that large amounts of oxygen are needed to oxidize organic matter (106 - 450 mg/L). The amount of coliforms and fecal coliforms exceeds the values established by the standards used (total coliforms 98 - 956 Colony Forming Units (CFU’s), fecal coliforms 78 - 807 CFU’s). Five bacterial genera (Escherichia coli, Pseudomona, Klebsiella, Shigella and Salmonella) were isolated and identified. Most of the bacteria isolated were resistant to ampicillin (90%), while 25% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The water consumption of the Presa de los Patos is a great risk for the habitants and visitors of the park.
Desierto de los Leones国家公园为墨西哥城的居民和游客提供娱乐活动。Presa de los Patos（鸭子坝）是公园中众多水体之一。通过物理化学和微生物分析，确定帕托斯河的水不能被视为饮用水。pH值范围在5.5-5.9之间。浊度超过了标准中规定的值（10.7-32.3浊度单位（NTU））。化学需氧量（COD）表明，氧化有机物需要大量的氧气（106-450mg/L）。大肠菌群和粪便大肠菌群的数量超过了所用标准规定的值（总大肠菌群98-956菌落形成单位（CFU），粪便大肠杆菌群78-807 CFU）。分离鉴定出大肠杆菌属、假单胞菌属、克雷伯菌属、志贺菌属和沙门氏菌属5个菌属。大多数分离的细菌对氨苄青霉素具有耐药性（90%），而25%的细菌对环丙沙星具有耐药性。Presa de los Patos的用水量对公园的居民和游客来说是一个巨大的风险。
{"title":"Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Water of the “Presa De Los Patos” in the Desierto De Los Leones National Park, Mexico","authors":"Luis Raúl Gutiérrez-Lucas, Luz María Chávez-Ramírez, L. Arregui","doi":"10.4236/ABC.2017.72008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABC.2017.72008","url":null,"abstract":"The Desierto de los Leones National Park is a place that features recreational activities for residents and visitors to Mexico City. The Presa de los Patos (Ducks Dam) is one of the many bodies of water that are present in the park. By means of physico-chemical and microbiological analysis, it was determined that the water of the Presa de los Patos cannot be considered potable. The pH range was between 5.5 - 5.9. The turbidity exceeded the values established in the standards (10.7 - 32.3 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU’s)). Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) showed that large amounts of oxygen are needed to oxidize organic matter (106 - 450 mg/L). The amount of coliforms and fecal coliforms exceeds the values established by the standards used (total coliforms 98 - 956 Colony Forming Units (CFU’s), fecal coliforms 78 - 807 CFU’s). Five bacterial genera (Escherichia coli, Pseudomona, Klebsiella, Shigella and Salmonella) were isolated and identified. Most of the bacteria isolated were resistant to ampicillin (90%), while 25% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The water consumption of the Presa de los Patos is a great risk for the habitants and visitors of the park.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45754046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hatem K. Amin, Amr M. El-Araby, Sameh Eid, T. Nasr, S. Bondock, O. Leheta, M. Dawoud
Purpose: Aim of this study is to assess the anti-proliferative effect of the thiazole analogue (5-acetyl-4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl) thiazole) with different human carcinoma cell lines and to postulate its possible mechanism of action using molecular modeling. Methods: Three different human carcinoma cell lines were used namely hepatocyte carcinoma (HEPG2), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and colon cancer (HCT116). Molecular docking simulations for tested thiazole analogue and its virtual analogues against the cytochrome P-450 2A6 enzyme and mutated SOD were performed. Results: Cell lines cytotoxicity revealed that the tested thiazole analogue exerts a significant anti-proliferative activity in all the used human carcinoma cell lines with a pronounced anti-proliferative effect in liver carcinoma cell line HEPG2 (IC50 = 23.8 μg/ml) whereas the anti-proliferative effect in colon carcinoma and breast cancer cell lines was poor with IC50 = 50 μg/ml and IC50 > 50 μg/ml respectively. The postulated mechanism of action revealed the high affinity to inhibit SOD and CYP2A6 enzymes in the liver. Conclusion: The thiazole analogue (5-acetyl-4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazole) is a potential liver specific anticancer agent capable of interfering with both apoptotic signaling pathway and the free radical processing in liver which leads to more studies on liver cancer from different perspective rather than the apoptotic signaling pathway.
{"title":"A Thiazole Analogue Exhibits an Anti-Proliferative Effect in Different Human Carcinoma Cell Lines and Its Mechanism Based on Molecular Modeling","authors":"Hatem K. Amin, Amr M. El-Araby, Sameh Eid, T. Nasr, S. Bondock, O. Leheta, M. Dawoud","doi":"10.4236/ABC.2017.71005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABC.2017.71005","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Aim of this study is to assess the anti-proliferative effect of the thiazole analogue (5-acetyl-4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl) thiazole) with different human carcinoma cell lines and to postulate its possible mechanism of action using molecular modeling. Methods: Three different human carcinoma cell lines were used namely hepatocyte carcinoma (HEPG2), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and colon cancer (HCT116). Molecular docking simulations for tested thiazole analogue and its virtual analogues against the cytochrome P-450 2A6 enzyme and mutated SOD were performed. Results: Cell lines cytotoxicity revealed that the tested thiazole analogue exerts a significant anti-proliferative activity in all the used human carcinoma cell lines with a pronounced anti-proliferative effect in liver carcinoma cell line HEPG2 (IC50 = 23.8 μg/ml) whereas the anti-proliferative effect in colon carcinoma and breast cancer cell lines was poor with IC50 = 50 μg/ml and IC50 > 50 μg/ml respectively. The postulated mechanism of action revealed the high affinity to inhibit SOD and CYP2A6 enzymes in the liver. Conclusion: The thiazole analogue (5-acetyl-4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazole) is a potential liver specific anticancer agent capable of interfering with both apoptotic signaling pathway and the free radical processing in liver which leads to more studies on liver cancer from different perspective rather than the apoptotic signaling pathway.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42343301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The processes of mitochondrial restitution are controlled by nuclear genes that encode proteins synthesized in ER and cytosol and delivered as organelle- and membrane-specific transport vesicles. The analysis of the transporters recovered from inner mitochondrial space (Mitosol) revealed that the ER-synthesized mitochondria-specific transport vesicles consist of two carriers, one remaining in outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), and the other that transfers specific membrane segments to the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). The ER-assembled and IMM-committed membrane segments, while first integrated into OMM, undergo intra-mitochondrial lipid modification reflected in the synthesis of cardiolipin (CL) and inversion into Mitosol with load of IMM associated cytosolic proteins. Then, the CL-bedecked vesicles are released from OMM to Mitosol and upon contact with IMM fuse with the membrane, and the release of cytosolic cargo ensues. While ER-assembled mitochondria-specific transport vesicles fuse with OMM with the aid of the cytosolic, phosphatidylglycerol (PG)-specific phospholipase A2 (PLA2), the Mitosol-contained CL-specific PLA guides vesicles fusion with IMM. The described path of translocation of the membrane segments and the cytosol synthesized proteins into the designated mitochondrial compartments sustains growth and identity of OMM, IMM, maintains protein delivery for intra-mitochondrial lipid and protein modification in Mitosol, and ensures conformity of the cytosolic proteins cargo delivered to matrix.
{"title":"Mitochondrial Membranes Restitution Proceeds via Vesicular Import from ER and Cytosol. Counterparts’ Resemblances and Variances in Mitochondria and Golgi Pathways","authors":"A. Slomiany, B. Slomiany","doi":"10.4236/ABC.2017.71001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABC.2017.71001","url":null,"abstract":"The processes of mitochondrial restitution are controlled by nuclear genes that encode proteins synthesized in ER and cytosol and delivered as organelle- and membrane-specific transport vesicles. The analysis of the transporters recovered from inner mitochondrial space (Mitosol) revealed that the ER-synthesized mitochondria-specific transport vesicles consist of two carriers, one remaining in outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), and the other that transfers specific membrane segments to the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). The ER-assembled and IMM-committed membrane segments, while first integrated into OMM, undergo intra-mitochondrial lipid modification reflected in the synthesis of cardiolipin (CL) and inversion into Mitosol with load of IMM associated cytosolic proteins. Then, the CL-bedecked vesicles are released from OMM to Mitosol and upon contact with IMM fuse with the membrane, and the release of cytosolic cargo ensues. While ER-assembled mitochondria-specific transport vesicles fuse with OMM with the aid of the cytosolic, phosphatidylglycerol (PG)-specific phospholipase A2 (PLA2), the Mitosol-contained CL-specific PLA guides vesicles fusion with IMM. The described path of translocation of the membrane segments and the cytosol synthesized proteins into the designated mitochondrial compartments sustains growth and identity of OMM, IMM, maintains protein delivery for intra-mitochondrial lipid and protein modification in Mitosol, and ensures conformity of the cytosolic proteins cargo delivered to matrix.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41506519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peculiar properties of morphological structures of organelle membranes were studied by fluorescent confocal microscopy. The list of objects in our experiments was represented by mitochondria, chloroplasts and vacuoles. During this study, identification of lipid microinclusions having the form of such lipid-protein structural microformations as lipid-protein microdomains, vesicles and membrane tubular structures (cytoplasmic transvacuolar strands and nanotubes) located in organelle membranes or bound up with them was conducted. Such membrane probes as laurdan, DPH, ANS and bis-ANS were used. Comparison of fluorescence intensity of these membrane probes was conducted. This investigation of the morphological properties of lipid-protein structural microformations was accompanied with analysis of 1) the phase state and 2) dynamics of microviscosity variations in the membrane elements of isolated plant cell organelles. Distributions of laurdan fluorescence generalized polarization (GP) values for the membrane on the whole and for the intensively fluorescing membrane segments were obtained. It was discovered that the microviscosity of intensively fluorescing membrane segments essentially differed from the microviscosity of the rest part of the membrane. In conclusion, some results of the study of peculiar properties of lipid-protein structural microformations related to the structure of organelle membranes and the discoveries made in this investigation are discussed.
{"title":"Lipid-Protein Microinclusions in the Morphological Structures of Organelle Membranes Studied by Fluorescent Confocal Microscopy","authors":"M. Chernyshov, V. Nurminsky, N. V. Ozolina","doi":"10.4236/ABC.2017.71003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABC.2017.71003","url":null,"abstract":"Peculiar properties of morphological structures of organelle membranes were studied by fluorescent confocal microscopy. The list of objects in our experiments was represented by mitochondria, chloroplasts and vacuoles. During this study, identification of lipid microinclusions having the form of such lipid-protein structural microformations as lipid-protein microdomains, vesicles and membrane tubular structures (cytoplasmic transvacuolar strands and nanotubes) located in organelle membranes or bound up with them was conducted. Such membrane probes as laurdan, DPH, ANS and bis-ANS were used. Comparison of fluorescence intensity of these membrane probes was conducted. This investigation of the morphological properties of lipid-protein structural microformations was accompanied with analysis of 1) the phase state and 2) dynamics of microviscosity variations in the membrane elements of isolated plant cell organelles. Distributions of laurdan fluorescence generalized polarization (GP) values for the membrane on the whole and for the intensively fluorescing membrane segments were obtained. It was discovered that the microviscosity of intensively fluorescing membrane segments essentially differed from the microviscosity of the rest part of the membrane. In conclusion, some results of the study of peculiar properties of lipid-protein structural microformations related to the structure of organelle membranes and the discoveries made in this investigation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43157363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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