Léonel Donald Feugap Tsamo, Lorette Victorine Yimgang, S. C. N. Wouamba, P. Mkounga, A. Nkengfack, L. Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, D. Ngnokam, B. Lenta, N. Sewald
The chemical study of Rumex abyssinicus Jacp (Polygonaceae) led to the isolation of a new ceramide named (R)-2'-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,16E)-1,3,4-trihy-droxyhexacos-16-en-2-yl]hexadecanamide (rumexamide) (1) together with sixteen known compounds: bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ( 2), chrysophanol (3), physcion bacterial activities of extracts (MeOH, n-BuOH and EtOAc), as well as compounds 9, 11, 12, 15 + 16 and 17 against pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Shigella flexneri NR 518, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922), were performed using the broth microdilution method and the results show that, extracts were not active (MIC > 1000 µg/mL) while compounds were weakly or not active (MIC ≥ 500 µg/mL) against all bacteria strains. Furthermore, the chemophenetic relationships of the isolated compounds and their significances were discussed.
{"title":"A New Ceramide (Rumexamide) and Other Chemical Constituents from Rumex abyssinicus Jacq (Polygonaceae): Isolation, Characterization, Antibacterial Activities and Chemophenetic Significance","authors":"Léonel Donald Feugap Tsamo, Lorette Victorine Yimgang, S. C. N. Wouamba, P. Mkounga, A. Nkengfack, L. Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, D. Ngnokam, B. Lenta, N. Sewald","doi":"10.4236/abc.2021.115018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2021.115018","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical study of Rumex abyssinicus Jacp (Polygonaceae) led to the isolation of a new ceramide named (R)-2'-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,16E)-1,3,4-trihy-droxyhexacos-16-en-2-yl]hexadecanamide (rumexamide) (1) together with sixteen known compounds: bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ( 2), chrysophanol (3), physcion bacterial activities of extracts (MeOH, n-BuOH and EtOAc), as well as compounds 9, 11, 12, 15 + 16 and 17 against pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Shigella flexneri NR 518, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922), were performed using the broth microdilution method and the results show that, extracts were not active (MIC > 1000 µg/mL) while compounds were weakly or not active (MIC ≥ 500 µg/mL) against all bacteria strains. Furthermore, the chemophenetic relationships of the isolated compounds and their significances were discussed.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70475410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arylthiols were reacted with acrylonitrile under basic conditions to form the corresponding aryl sulfides which were oxidised with sodium metaperiodate in aqueous methanol to yield 3-arylsulphinylpropanenitriles that upon thermolysis in refluxing toluene produced a mixture of diarylthiosulfonates and diaryldisulfides. The mixture of the two products was easily separated by flash chromatography and characterized spectroscopically. The diarylthiosulfonates and diaryldisulfides, garlic-like organosulfur compounds, were tested for their antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori and had been found to have good activity against S. aureas and H. pylori with no activity against the other two organisms.
{"title":"Synthesis and In Vitro Anti-Helicobacter and Anti-Staphylococcal Activities of Novel Diaryldisulfides and Diarylthiosulfonates","authors":"M. Khan, K. Miller, K. Rawson, Yong Zhou","doi":"10.4236/abc.2021.115017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2021.115017","url":null,"abstract":"Arylthiols were reacted with acrylonitrile under basic conditions to form the corresponding aryl sulfides which were oxidised with sodium metaperiodate in aqueous methanol to yield 3-arylsulphinylpropanenitriles that upon thermolysis in refluxing toluene produced a mixture of diarylthiosulfonates and diaryldisulfides. The mixture of the two products was easily separated by flash chromatography and characterized spectroscopically. The diarylthiosulfonates and diaryldisulfides, garlic-like organosulfur compounds, were tested for their antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori and had been found to have good activity against S. aureas and H. pylori with no activity against the other two organisms.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70475351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The medicinal uses and applications of metal complexes are of increasing clinical and commercial importance; this is as a result of some level of success achieved so far. In this regard, novel enamine free-base ligands were synthesized by the condensation of terephthalaldehyde and 2-(methylamino)ethanol. This afforded a dinegative ONNO donor enamine, free base, characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, Fourier-transformed infrared and UV-vis spectroscopy. Coordination compounds of the enamine were also synthesized using Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and VO(IV) ions. These complexes were characterized by electronic, IR spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility and EDX. The compounds were thereafter evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The data obtained were supportive of an octahedral geometry for the Cu(II) complex, a square-pyramidal geometry for the vanadium complex and a 4-coordinate square-planar geometry for both the cobalt and nickel complexes. The magnetic susceptibility data revealed that the complexes are magnetically dilute and mononuclear with exception of the cobalt complex. The ligands and the complexes did not exhibit significant antimicrobial and cytotoxic assays, indicative of the nontoxicity of the ligand and complexes.
{"title":"Synthesis Characterization and Biological Activities of an Enamine Derivative and Its Coordination Compounds","authors":"T. Aiyelabola, J. Jordaan, D. Otto, E. Akinkunmi","doi":"10.4236/abc.2020.106013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2020.106013","url":null,"abstract":"The medicinal uses and applications of metal complexes \u0000are of increasing clinical and commercial importance; this is as a result of some \u0000level of success achieved so far. In this regard, \u0000novel enamine free-base ligands were synthesized by the condensation of terephthalaldehyde \u0000and 2-(methylamino)ethanol. This afforded a dinegative ONNO donor enamine, free base, characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, Fourier-transformed infrared and UV-vis spectroscopy. Coordination \u0000compounds of the enamine were also synthesized using Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and \u0000VO(IV) ions. These complexes were characterized by electronic, IR spectrophotometry, \u0000mass spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility and EDX. The compounds were thereafter evaluated for their antimicrobial \u0000and cytotoxic activities. The data obtained were supportive of an octahedral geometry for the Cu(II) complex, a square-pyramidal geometry \u0000for the vanadium complex and a 4-coordinate square-planar geometry for both the \u0000cobalt and nickel complexes. The magnetic susceptibility data revealed that the \u0000complexes are magnetically dilute and mononuclear with exception of the cobalt complex. \u0000The ligands and the complexes did not exhibit significant antimicrobial and cytotoxic \u0000assays, indicative of the nontoxicity of the ligand and complexes.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"172-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47630349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Putthapong Phumsombat, C. Sano, H. Ikezoe, J. Hayashi, T. Itoh, T. Hibi, M. Wakayama
L-Theanine (γ-glutamylethylamide) is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative known to have several beneficial physiological effects as a diet supplement, and to give an umami taste when used as a food additive. The compound is industrially produced by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase from Pseudomonas nitroreducens (PnGGT). Using recombinant PnGGT, we have shown previously that Trp385, Phe417, and Trp525 are key amino acid residues for recognition of acceptor substrates at the PnGGT active site. Here, we demonstrate that a recombinant W525D mutant of PnGGT produces L-theanine from ethylamine and L-glutamine more efficiently than wild-type PnGGT, attributable to an increased ratio of transfer activity to hydrolysis activity. An efficient production of L-theanine was achieved by immobilizing Escherichia coli cells expressing the W525D PnGGT mutant (E. coli-W525D) using 2% alginate as the supporting material. The highest L-theanine production using immobilized E. coli-W525D, representing a conversion rate of 90%, was achieved in optimal reaction conditions of pH 10, 40°C, and a substrate molar ratio of L-glutamine to ethylamine of 1:10. The immobilized E. coli-W525D retains 85% and 78% relative activity after storage for a month at 4°C and room temperature, respectively. Immobilized E. coli-W525D thus has strong potential for use in the future commercial production of L-theanine on a large scale.
{"title":"Efficient Production of L-Theanine Using Immobilized Recombinant Escherichia coli Cells Expressing a Modified γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase Gene from Pseudomonas nitroreducens","authors":"Putthapong Phumsombat, C. Sano, H. Ikezoe, J. Hayashi, T. Itoh, T. Hibi, M. Wakayama","doi":"10.4236/abc.2020.106012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2020.106012","url":null,"abstract":"L-Theanine (γ-glutamylethylamide) \u0000is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative known to have several beneficial \u0000physiological effects as a diet supplement, and to give an umami taste when used \u0000as a food additive. The compound is industrially produced by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase from Pseudomonas \u0000nitroreducens (PnGGT). Using recombinant PnGGT, we have shown previously that \u0000Trp385, Phe417, and Trp525 are key amino acid residues for recognition of acceptor \u0000substrates at the PnGGT active site. Here, we demonstrate that a recombinant W525D \u0000mutant of PnGGT produces L-theanine from ethylamine and L-glutamine more efficiently \u0000than wild-type PnGGT, attributable to an increased ratio of transfer activity to \u0000hydrolysis activity. An efficient production of L-theanine was achieved by immobilizing Escherichia coli cells expressing the W525D PnGGT mutant (E. coli-W525D) \u0000using 2% alginate as the supporting material. The highest L-theanine production \u0000using immobilized E. coli-W525D, representing a conversion rate of 90%, was achieved in optimal reaction \u0000conditions of pH 10, 40°C, and a substrate molar ratio of L-glutamine \u0000to ethylamine of 1:10. The immobilized E. coli-W525D retains 85% and 78% \u0000relative activity after storage for a month at 4°C and room temperature, respectively. Immobilized E. coli-W525D thus has strong potential for use in the future commercial \u0000production of L-theanine on a large scale.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47380220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three Schiff bases L1, L2 and L3 were synthesized by condensing salicylaldehyde with 4-aminoantipyrine, ethylendiamine and 2-aminophenol respectively and subsequently characterized by various physicochemical investigations. All the three compounds were screened for their In-vitro antibacterial activity against two gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S.A), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.E) and two gram negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.P) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.A) by agar diffusion method. On comparing the results obtained with the activity of commercially available antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol, the newly synthesized compounds showed comparable antibacterial activities. The solvent methanol exhibit activity against all bacterial species with IZs ranging from 8 ± 0.25 to 17 ± 0.29 mm while the standard antibiotics Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol exhibited an activities with IZs varying from 21.3 ± 0.31 to 28.3 ± 0.32 and 26.3 ± 0.24 mm to 32.3 ± 0.23 mm, respectively. However, the newly synthesized Schiff bases L1, L2 and L3 showed IZs ranging from 7.4 ± 0.23 to 32.5 ± 0.14, 3 ± 0.57 to 12 ± 0.28 and 10 ± 0.20 to 32 ± 0.36 respectively. Among the Schiff bases, L3 showed the activity (32 ± 0.36) against S.E and P.A which is higher than the activity of standard antibiotics Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol against the same bacterial strains. The results obtained revealed that all the synthesized Schiff bases exhibit appreciable antibacterial activity against all the bacteria species which potentially makes them, to apply as wide range antibacterial drugs, after further in-vivo cytotoxicity investigations. Their activity can also be further modified by changing the functionality of precursors for Schiff base condensation.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Polydentate Schiff Bases, Based on Salicylaldehyde","authors":"Yosef Bayeh, Fekiya Mohammed, Mamo Gebrezgiabher, Fikre Elemo, Mesfin Getachew, Madhu Thomas","doi":"10.4236/abc.2020.105010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2020.105010","url":null,"abstract":"Three Schiff bases L1, L2 and L3 were \u0000synthesized by condensing salicylaldehyde \u0000with 4-aminoantipyrine, ethylendiamine and 2-aminophenol respectively \u0000and subsequently characterized by various physicochemical investigations. All \u0000the three compounds were screened for their In-vitro antibacterial activity against two gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus \u0000aureus (S.A), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.E) and two gram negative \u0000bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.P) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.A) by \u0000agar diffusion method. On comparing the results obtained with the activity of \u0000commercially available antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol, \u0000the newly synthesized compounds showed comparable antibacterial activities. The \u0000solvent methanol exhibit activity against all bacterial species with IZs \u0000ranging from 8 ± 0.25 to 17 ± 0.29 mm while the standard antibiotics \u0000Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol exhibited an activities with IZs varying from \u000021.3 ± 0.31 to 28.3 ± 0.32 and 26.3 ± 0.24 mm to 32.3 ± 0.23 mm, respectively. \u0000However, the newly synthesized Schiff bases L1, L2 and L3 showed IZs ranging from 7.4 ± 0.23 to 32.5 ± 0.14, 3 ± 0.57 to 12 ± 0.28 and 10 \u0000± 0.20 to 32 ± 0.36 respectively. Among the Schiff bases, L3 showed \u0000the activity (32 ± 0.36) against S.E and P.A which \u0000is higher than the activity of standard antibiotics Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol against the same bacterial strains. The results obtained \u0000revealed that all the synthesized Schiff bases exhibit appreciable \u0000antibacterial activity against all the bacteria species which potentially makes \u0000them, to apply as wide range antibacterial drugs, after further in-vivo cytotoxicity investigations. Their activity can also be further modified by \u0000changing the functionality of precursors for Schiff base condensation.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"127-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47701924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Angeles-Camacho, J. Cruz-Castañeda, A. Meléndez, M. Colín-García, K. C. L. Cruz, S. Ramos-Bernal, A. Negrón-Mendoza, G. Garza-Ramos, P. Rodríguez-Zamora, C. Camargo-Raya, A. Heredia
Glycine crystallizes into three different polymorphs called α, β and γ under standard physicochemical conditions. They have different features depending on their structural variations. The possible interaction of glycine with magnetic minerals in meteorites and comets or in the ancient Earth, paves the way to study the self-assembly and molecular behavior under irradiation and magnetic conditions. The magnetic field might induce the formation of a specific polymorph of glycine. To gain insight on the consequences of gamma irradiation with a gradient of static magnetic fields (0.06 T, 0.3 T, 0.42 T and 0.6 T) on the self-assembly of single macroscopic glycine crystals, we gamma irradiated the powdered amino acid and then assembled single crystals from water solutions. The preliminary results showed a stable formation of fluid inclusions in the single crystals and no straightforward effect on the self-assem- bly process after glycine gamma irradiation and interaction with static magnetic fields. The α glycine polymorph single crystals formed at 55° from the magnetic longitudinal axis and seemed to be enhanced by gamma radiation. The γ-glycine single crystals presented L and D circular dichroism signals, whereas the irradiated samples presented no circular dichroism bands. Com- puter simulations suggest different catalytic properties from α and γ glycine crystals.
{"title":"Potential Prebiotic Relevance of Glycine Single Crystals Enclosing Fluid Inclusions: An Experimental and Computer Simulation with Static Magnetic Fields","authors":"E. Angeles-Camacho, J. Cruz-Castañeda, A. Meléndez, M. Colín-García, K. C. L. Cruz, S. Ramos-Bernal, A. Negrón-Mendoza, G. Garza-Ramos, P. Rodríguez-Zamora, C. Camargo-Raya, A. Heredia","doi":"10.4236/abc.2020.105011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2020.105011","url":null,"abstract":"Glycine \u0000crystallizes into three different polymorphs called α, β and γ under standard physicochemical \u0000conditions. They have different features depending on their structural \u0000variations. The possible interaction of glycine with magnetic minerals in \u0000meteorites and comets or in the ancient Earth, paves the way to study the self-assembly \u0000and molecular behavior under irradiation and magnetic conditions. The magnetic \u0000field might induce the formation of a specific polymorph of glycine. To gain \u0000insight on the consequences of gamma irradiation with a gradient of static \u0000magnetic fields (0.06 T, 0.3 T, 0.42 T and 0.6 T) on the self-assembly of \u0000single macroscopic glycine crystals, we gamma irradiated the powdered amino \u0000acid and then assembled single crystals from water solutions. The preliminary \u0000results showed a stable formation of fluid inclusions \u0000in the single crystals and no straightforward effect on the self-assem- bly process after glycine \u0000gamma irradiation and interaction with static magnetic fields. The α glycine polymorph single crystals \u0000formed at 55° from the magnetic longitudinal axis and seemed to be enhanced by \u0000gamma radiation. The γ-glycine single crystals presented L and D circular dichroism \u0000signals, whereas the irradiated samples presented no circular dichroism \u0000bands. Com- puter simulations suggest different catalytic properties from α and γ glycine crystals.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46561628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kota Kinabalu Wetland is importantly habited of mangrove, diverse aquatic flora and fauna as well as feeding stop for migratory birds. This wetland is inundated with the tidal flow, as connected with a small river and nearby coastal areas, thus. A study was carried out to determine the spatial distribution of dissolved inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton diversity at Kota Kinabalu (KK) Wetlands. Five stations, in which river mouth of Likas Bay, river channel (two stations) and inundated area (two stations) in KK Wetland were selected for this study. In-situ parameters of water, water for nutrients and phytoplankton samples were collected from May 2019 until October 2019. The highest concentration of nitrate (0.115 mg/L) was recorded at inundated area of wetland (S5) while the lowest nitrate concentration (0.0047 mg/L) was found at river (S3) flowing towards wetland. The concentrations of ammonia (0.2004 to 2.311 mg/L) were recorded relatively higher at every station compared to other dissolved inorganic nutrients (DIN). The concentration of phosphate was determined in the ranges of 0.0089 - 0.0513 mg/L. Nitrate, ammonia and phosphate showed no significant difference (P = 0.737) in terms of DIN concentration at all five sampling stations during the study period. Twenty-four genera of phytoplankton were identified, dominated by diatoms (55.29%), followed by dinoflagellates (24.95%), Chrysophyta (11.15%), Spirotrichea (5.28%) and Cyanophyta (3.33%). Dominating species throughout the study period include Chaetoceros sp., Pseduo-nitzschia sp., and Cylindrotheca closterium, Peridinium quinquecorne and Alexandrium sp. Phytoplankton species compositions were observed the highest in river mouth area in July with the highest density of 12.115 × 104 cells/mL. The study showed that nutrient concentration was insignificant (P = 0.614) in altering the phytoplankton density, as influences with the tidal water.
{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients and Phytoplankton around Kota Kinabalu Wetland, Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"Sujjat Al Azad, Viearl Jivel Jinau","doi":"10.4236/abc.2020.104009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2020.104009","url":null,"abstract":"Kota Kinabalu Wetland is importantly habited of mangrove, diverse aquatic flora and \u0000fauna as well as feeding stop for migratory birds. This wetland is inundated \u0000with the tidal flow, as connected with a small river and nearby coastal areas, thus. \u0000A study was carried out to determine the spatial distribution of dissolved \u0000inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton diversity at Kota Kinabalu (KK) Wetlands. \u0000Five stations, in which river mouth of Likas Bay, river channel (two stations) and \u0000inundated area (two stations) in KK Wetland were selected for this study. In-situ parameters of water, water for \u0000nutrients and phytoplankton samples were collected from May 2019 until October \u00002019. The highest concentration of nitrate (0.115 mg/L) was recorded at \u0000inundated area of wetland (S5) while the lowest nitrate concentration (0.0047 \u0000mg/L) was found at river (S3) flowing towards wetland. The concentrations of \u0000ammonia (0.2004 to 2.311 mg/L) were recorded relatively higher at every station \u0000compared to other dissolved inorganic nutrients (DIN). The concentration of \u0000phosphate was determined in the ranges of 0.0089 - 0.0513 mg/L. Nitrate, ammonia and phosphate showed \u0000no significant difference (P = 0.737) \u0000in terms of DIN concentration at all five sampling stations during the study period. \u0000Twenty-four genera of phytoplankton were identified, dominated by diatoms \u0000(55.29%), followed by dinoflagellates (24.95%), Chrysophyta (11.15%), \u0000Spirotrichea (5.28%) and Cyanophyta (3.33%). Dominating species throughout the \u0000study period include Chaetoceros sp., Pseduo-nitzschia sp., and Cylindrotheca closterium, Peridinium \u0000quinquecorne and Alexandrium sp. Phytoplankton species compositions were observed the highest in river mouth area in July \u0000with the highest density of 12.115 × 104 cells/mL. The study showed that nutrient concentration was insignificant (P = 0.614) in altering the phytoplankton \u0000density, as influences with the tidal water.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42280649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coordination compounds of 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid were synthesized with chromium(III) and oxovanadium(IV) ions. M:L; 1:2. Adducts of these complexes using 1,10-phenantroline and ethylenediamine were further synthesized, M:L, (1:2). These compounds were characterized using electronic, infra-red spectrophotometry, magnetic susceptibility measurement and percentage metal analyses. The zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations of the compounds against eight microbes were studied. The results obtained indicated an octahedral geometry for the Cr(III) complexes, indicative of additional coordination of two water molecules. On the other hand a square pyramid geometry was obtained for the binary oxovanadium complex and its 1,10-phenantroline adduct. However, for the oxovanadium ethylenediamine adduct a distorted octahedral geometry was proposed. The result for the antibacterial studies indicated that both mixed ligand complexes of 1,10-phenantroline exhibited good antibacterial activity, and in some cases better activity than the standard, streptomycin.
{"title":"Syntheses of Coordination Compounds of 2-Amino-3-Methylbutanoic Acid Their Mixed Ligand Complexes and Antibacterial Activities","authors":"T. Aiyelabola, I. E. Okunade, J. Jordaan, D. Otto","doi":"10.4236/abc.2020.103006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2020.103006","url":null,"abstract":"Coordination \u0000compounds of 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid were synthesized with chromium(III) \u0000and oxovanadium(IV) ions. M:L; 1:2. Adducts of these complexes using 1,10-phenantroline \u0000and ethylenediamine were further synthesized, M:L, (1:2). These compounds were \u0000characterized using electronic, infra-red spectrophotometry, magnetic \u0000susceptibility measurement and percentage metal analyses. The zones of \u0000inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations of the compounds against eight \u0000microbes were studied. The results obtained indicated an octahedral geometry \u0000for the Cr(III) complexes, indicative of additional coordination of two water \u0000molecules. On the other hand a square pyramid geometry was obtained for the \u0000binary oxovanadium complex and its 1,10-phenantroline adduct. However, for the \u0000oxovanadium ethylenediamine adduct a distorted octahedral geometry was \u0000proposed. The result for the antibacterial studies indicated that both mixed \u0000ligand complexes of 1,10-phenantroline exhibited good antibacterial activity, \u0000and in some cases better activity than the standard, streptomycin.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"67-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43176225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moraes Fabricio Tarso, Galvão Anderson Dourado, F. D. Batista, Amorin Kelly Aparecida da Encarnação, Sousa Claudia Cristina, H. Cristina, França Eduardo Luzia, Costa Daniel Tizo, S. Batista
To synthesize, characterize and evaluate the antitumor potential derived from ruthenium compounds was generated in this study, from the precursor K[RuCl4(bipy)] a route in a simple and reproducible synthesis for a novel compound of coordinating Ru+3 with bipy and L-trip. The spectroscopic characterization in the middle infrared region (FTIR) shows the interactions between Ru-(L-trip), evidenced by the displacement of the carboxylate ion band for higher energies, and also by the displacements of aliphatic amine bands, suggesting that bidentate coordination of the L-trip ligand occurred. Analysis of the results obtained with thermoanalytical techniques showed that the minimum formula of the compound, [RuCl2(bipy)(L-trip)]1/2H2O. Evaluation of the antitumor potential of precursor K[RuCl4(bipy)] showed the toxic effects on MCF-7 cell line, but did not show selectivity and not reached PBMC cells to the same extent. The evaluation of the antitumor potential of the newly synthesized compound, [RuCl2(bipy)(L-trip)], demonstrated that the insertion of an L-tryptophan molecule into the precursor coordination sphere made it selective when compared to PBMC cells, for MCF-7 type tumor cells.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antitumor Potential in MCF-7 Cells of Ruthenium-Derived Compounds","authors":"Moraes Fabricio Tarso, Galvão Anderson Dourado, F. D. Batista, Amorin Kelly Aparecida da Encarnação, Sousa Claudia Cristina, H. Cristina, França Eduardo Luzia, Costa Daniel Tizo, S. Batista","doi":"10.4236/abc.2020.103007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2020.103007","url":null,"abstract":"To synthesize, characterize and evaluate the antitumor potential derived \u0000from ruthenium compounds was generated in this study, from the precursor K[RuCl4(bipy)] \u0000a route in a simple and reproducible synthesis for a novel compound of \u0000coordinating Ru+3 with bipy and L-trip. The spectroscopic \u0000characterization in the middle infrared \u0000region (FTIR) shows the interactions between Ru-(L-trip), evidenced by the \u0000displacement of the carboxylate ion band for higher energies, and also by the displacements of aliphatic amine \u0000bands, suggesting that bidentate coordination of the L-trip ligand occurred. \u0000Analysis of the results obtained with thermoanalytical techniques showed that \u0000the minimum formula of the compound, [RuCl2(bipy)(L-trip)]1/2H2O. \u0000Evaluation of the antitumor potential \u0000of precursor K[RuCl4(bipy)] showed the toxic effects on MCF-7 cell \u0000line, but did not show selectivity and not reached PBMC cells to the \u0000same extent. The evaluation of the antitumor potential of the newly synthesized \u0000compound, [RuCl2(bipy)(L-trip)], demonstrated that the insertion of \u0000an L-tryptophan molecule into the precursor coordination sphere made it \u0000selective when compared to PBMC cells, for MCF-7 type tumor cells.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"86-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46037861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eisaku Shimizu, Nozomu Shimoda, Tetsuaki Kawamura, N. Ueda, K. Kimura
Background/Aim: Kuji amber is an interesting natural source for drug discovery because a new anti-allergic compound, named kujigamberol and several new compounds have been isolatated from it. It was important to evaluate the yield, biological activities and constituents of each methanol extract of Kuji, Iwaki, Choshi, Mizunami and Ube ambers in Japan in order to establish if additional new compounds could be identified in these ambers. Materials and Method: Biological activities of each extract were evaluated using growth-restoring activity of the mutant yeast strain involving Ca2+-signal transduction and inhibition activity of degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cells. Constituents of each extract were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: All ambers except Ube amber have growth-restoring activity against the mutant yeast. Both Kuji and Iwaki ambers inhibited the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells induced by the calcium ionophore A23187 in a dose dependent manner. The main biologically active compound in Kuji amber, kujigamberol, was also isolated from Iwaki amber and analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Conclusion: Kuji and Iwaki ambers appeared to have the same origin. Choshi, Mizunami, and Ube ambers are valuable sources for biologically active compounds which are different from those of Kuji amber.
{"title":"Comparison of the Biological Activity and Constituents in Japanese Ambers","authors":"Eisaku Shimizu, Nozomu Shimoda, Tetsuaki Kawamura, N. Ueda, K. Kimura","doi":"10.4236/abc.2020.103008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2020.103008","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Kuji amber is an \u0000interesting natural source for drug discovery because a new anti-allergic compound, named \u0000kujigamberol and several new compounds have been isolatated from it. It was \u0000important to evaluate the yield, biological activities and constituents of each \u0000methanol extract of Kuji, Iwaki, Choshi, Mizunami and Ube ambers in \u0000Japan in order to establish if additional new compounds could be identified in \u0000these ambers. Materials and Method: \u0000Biological activities of each extract were evaluated using growth-restoring activity \u0000of the mutant yeast strain involving Ca2+-signal transduction and \u0000inhibition activity of degranulation in rat \u0000basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cells. Constituents of each extract were \u0000analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: All ambers \u0000except Ube amber have growth-restoring activity against the mutant yeast. Both \u0000Kuji and Iwaki ambers inhibited the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells induced by \u0000the calcium ionophore A23187 in a dose dependent manner. The main biologically \u0000active compound in Kuji amber, kujigamberol, was also isolated from Iwaki amber \u0000and analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). \u0000Conclusion: Kuji and Iwaki ambers appeared to have the same origin. Choshi, \u0000Mizunami, and Ube ambers are valuable sources for biologically active compounds \u0000which are different from those of Kuji amber.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47205164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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