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Team/Design: an object-based system for concurrent engineering 团队/设计:用于并行工程的基于对象的系统
Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RMCAE.1992.245537
J. Naft, M. Palmer
Team/Design is an object-oriented, knowledge-based software tool developed for concurrent engineering design of both complex and simple systems. It enhances design decision-making by enabling consideration of and trade off among multiple design goals, specifications and constraints, and selection among alternatives to create the total quality product. The original impetus behind the development of Team/Design was the recognition of the need to create a flexible, effective design modeling and decision support system for concurrent engineering/system engineering. The method enhances the total quality (eg., cost performance, supportability, producibility, schedule) of the resulting product while increasing the efficiency of the design process. Object-oriented user interface techniques provide a natural approach to enable systems engineers and other design engineers to model and analyze an early-stage design from the concurrent engineering viewpoint. The development of Team/Design has shown the object-oriented, methodology to be viable for concurrent engineering decision support.<>
Team/Design是一种面向对象的、基于知识的软件工具,用于复杂和简单系统的并行工程设计。它通过在多个设计目标、规范和约束之间进行考虑和权衡,以及在备选方案之间进行选择,从而增强设计决策,从而创建出完全高质量的产品。团队/设计开发背后的最初推动力是认识到需要为并行工程/系统工程创建一个灵活、有效的设计建模和决策支持系统。这种方法提高了产品的整体质量。(成本性能,可支持性,可生产性,进度),同时提高设计过程的效率。面向对象的用户界面技术提供了一种自然的方法,使系统工程师和其他设计工程师能够从并发工程的角度对早期设计进行建模和分析。团队/设计的发展表明,面向对象的方法对于并行工程决策支持是可行的
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引用次数: 0
Systems engineering tools 系统工程工具
Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RMCAE.1992.245538
H. L. Burks
There are many definitions and perceptions of "system" and "system engineer". There are also many computer-aided tools that claim to be "systems engineering" tools. Many of these are highly productive in a narrowly defined problem domain. Others are more generic, but still cover only a subset of a system engineer's tasks. We find a shortage of tools that fit the broad needs of system engineers well. Therefore, we have designed and are prototyping a systems engineering design tool. By evaluating this tool on selected projects, we hope to: expose the target community to computer-aided system engineering tools, assess the cultural fit and effective methodologies, and refine the requirements and implementation methods. In addition to providing some badly needed capabilities, evaluation of this prototype allows us to expose the system engineering community to a new class of tools.<>
“系统”和“系统工程师”有许多定义和概念。还有许多声称是“系统工程”工具的计算机辅助工具。其中许多方法在定义狭窄的问题领域中是非常高效的。其他的则更为通用,但仍然只涵盖系统工程师任务的一个子集。我们发现缺乏能够很好地满足系统工程师广泛需求的工具。因此,我们已经设计并正在制作系统工程设计工具的原型。通过在选定的项目中评估这个工具,我们希望:向目标社区展示计算机辅助系统工程工具,评估文化契合度和有效的方法,并细化需求和实现方法。除了提供一些急需的功能之外,这个原型的评估允许我们向系统工程社区展示一个新的工具类别。
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引用次数: 1
Lessons learned from the general dynamics reliability, availability, and maintainability in computer-aided design-RAMCAD program 计算机辅助设计(ramcad)程序中一般动力学可靠性、可用性和可维护性的经验教训
Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RMCAE.1992.245509
M. A. Klement, W.J. Dawson
RAMCAD is an acronym that stands for "Reliability, Availability and Maintainability in Computer Aided Design". The objective of this contract is to integrate stand-alone, off-the-shelf, commercially available or public domain reliability, maintainability and supportability (RM&S) software into a computer-aided design environment. The paper describes the RAMCAD contract and its objectives and provides a technical discussion on selected lessons learned and critical issues from implementing standards on the RAMCAD contract. Lessons-learned topics address system portability, common user interface, database access, networking concurrent engineering workstation requirements, and concurrent engineering design process changes.<>
RAMCAD是“计算机辅助设计中的可靠性、可用性和可维护性”的缩写。该合同的目标是将独立的、现成的、商业上可用的或公共领域的可靠性、可维护性和可支持性(RM&S)软件集成到计算机辅助设计环境中。本文描述了RAMCAD合同及其目标,并提供了关于在RAMCAD合同上实施标准所获得的经验教训和关键问题的技术讨论。课程学习的主题涉及系统可移植性、通用用户界面、数据库访问、网络并发工程工作站需求和并发工程设计过程更改。
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引用次数: 1
Automated reliability prediction? 自动化可靠性预测?
Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RMCAE.1992.245507
J. Chrisman
With currently available software, it is unrealistic to expect a design engineer to perform an automated reliability prediction during the early design stage. Two major road blocks are: lack of a set of software tools for electrical and thermal stress analyses of an early design, and lack of an industry-wide parts library identifying part type, complexity, and quality levels. Without these tools, a part-count prediction is more appropriate during the early stages of a design. The Naval Avionics Center (NAC) has used a reliability prediction program to generate predictions for the projects listed. The Naval Avionics Center's (NAC) mission is to conduct research, development, engineering, material acquisition, pilot and limited manufacturing, technical evaluation, depot maintenance, and integrated logistics support on assigned airborne electronics (avionics), missile, spaceborne, undersea and surface weapon systems and related equipment. In striving to accomplish this mission, NAC has made a commitment to develop all new designs on their integrated computer-aided engineering environment.<>
使用当前可用的软件,期望设计工程师在早期设计阶段执行自动可靠性预测是不现实的。两个主要的障碍是:缺乏一套用于早期设计的电气和热应力分析的软件工具,以及缺乏一个行业范围的零件库来识别零件类型、复杂性和质量水平。如果没有这些工具,零件数预测在设计的早期阶段更为合适。海军航空电子中心(NAC)已经使用可靠性预测程序对所列项目进行预测。海军航空电子中心(NAC)的任务是对指定的机载电子(航空电子)、导弹、星载、水下和水面武器系统及相关设备进行研究、开发、工程、材料采购、试验和有限制造、技术评估、仓库维护和综合后勤支持。在努力完成这一使命的过程中,NAC已承诺在其集成计算机辅助工程环境上开发所有新设计。
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引用次数: 1
The impact of test on reliability, maintainability, and producibility 测试对可靠性、可维护性和可生产性的影响
Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RMCAE.1992.245506
G. Nurie
High quality ASIC test programs ensure higher reliability and reduced cost of manufacturing and maintenance for the ASICs and for the systems in which they are used. In real world situations of less-than-perfect process yields, test programs with very high fault coverage are necessary for producing defect-free products. Manual test pattern generation is not practical and most conventional automatic test pattern generation cools do not handle sequential circuits. Thus, the designer is forced to adopt design-for-test (DFT) techniques that turn the sequential circuit into a combinational one. However, these DFT techniques cannot be used in leading edge applications where the circuit performance and the logic density cannot be sacrificed. Fortunately, a solution exists that takes advantage of the hierarchical design methodology commonly employed in the design of complex ASICs. This solution automatically produces test patterns for sequential circuits without requiring use of DFT techniques. The Test Design Expert (TDX) from ExperTest, uses an expert-systems approach by utilizing the behavior description of the ASIC to generate the test vectors for faults modeled at the gate level. TDX generates high quality test patterns for sequential circuits, including asynchronous ones, by understanding the function of the circuit from the behavior description written in VHDL. The advantage of this methodology is that the designer does not have to change the design methodology and is not restricted by the constraints of a specific DFT technique. Test development proceeds along with the logic design and no special requirements are imposed on the manufacturing process.<>
高质量的ASIC测试程序可确保更高的可靠性,并降低ASIC及其使用系统的制造和维护成本。在不太完美的过程产出的现实世界中,具有非常高故障覆盖率的测试程序对于生产无缺陷产品是必要的。手动测试模式生成是不实际的,大多数传统的自动测试模式生成冷却不处理顺序电路。因此,设计者被迫采用测试设计(DFT)技术,将顺序电路转换为组合电路。然而,这些DFT技术不能用于不能牺牲电路性能和逻辑密度的前沿应用。幸运的是,存在一种利用复杂asic设计中常用的分层设计方法的解决方案。该解决方案自动生成顺序电路的测试模式,而不需要使用DFT技术。来自ExperTest的测试设计专家(TDX)使用专家系统方法,利用ASIC的行为描述来生成在门级建模的故障的测试向量。TDX通过从用VHDL编写的行为描述中理解电路的功能,为顺序电路(包括异步电路)生成高质量的测试模式。这种方法的优点是,设计人员不必改变设计方法,也不受特定DFT技术的约束。测试开发与逻辑设计一起进行,并且没有对制造过程施加特殊要求。
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引用次数: 1
Providing parts data in a CAE/CAD environment 在CAE/CAD环境中提供零件数据
Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RMCAE.1992.245503
S. Elder
The broad adoption of advanced tools in the electronic design environment bas caused a need for the creation and management of parts and component data that can be directly utilized with all these tools. The author gives an introduction to the critical issues of supplying parts and component data. He focuses on identifying the principal data requirements for EDA tools and the issues affecting the supplying of parts and component data by vendors and the use of these data by design teams. New design methodologies, like concurrent engineering, require new types and increasing achieving amounts of data. Further, they require the data to support all disciplines to be available earlier in the development process. Many critical technical issues can hinder the supplying of the part and component data necessary to support the new tools and design methods. Most important of these issues is defining the standards for part and component data and the standards for tool interfaces. Other critical technical issues include the balance between supplying the detailed data and protection of supplier's proprietary information, training designers on the new tools and the detailed parts design data, and the methods for validation of data and product designs.<>
在电子设计环境中广泛采用先进的工具,导致需要创建和管理可以直接利用所有这些工具的零件和组件数据。作者介绍了零部件数据供应的关键问题。他着重于确定EDA工具的主要数据需求,以及影响供应商提供零件和组件数据以及设计团队使用这些数据的问题。新的设计方法,如并行工程,需要新的类型和不断增加的数据量。此外,它们需要在开发过程的早期提供支持所有规程的数据。许多关键的技术问题可能会阻碍提供支持新工具和设计方法所需的零件和组件数据。这些问题中最重要的是定义零件和组件数据的标准以及工具接口的标准。其他关键的技术问题包括提供详细数据和保护供应商专有信息之间的平衡,培训设计师关于新工具和详细零件设计数据,以及验证数据和产品设计的方法
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引用次数: 0
R&M software tools: their importance to concurrent engineering R&M软件工具:它们对并行工程的重要性
Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RMCAE.1992.245508
J. Vaccaro, J. Caroli, G. Lyne, D.W. Richards
Reliability, maintainability and testability (R/M/T) requirements have a significant influence on systems acquisition. Further, early design decisions are a major determinant of systems cost and performance. More than 80% of the life-cycle cost of a system will have been determined by the end of the design phase. Recognition of these two facts has highlighted the need for better R/M/T design capabilities. Increasing cooperation among the various computer-aided R/M/T processes will aid in decreasing life-cycle costs and improving the quality of design. Recognizing this, Rome Air Development Center (RADC) has pursued the development of several computer-aided R/M/T procedures. Several critical issues remain before the full benefit of these tools to concurrent engineering can be realized. These issues include: access to current design information by reliability and maintainability (R&M) engineers, communication of R&M data among the several design participants, and the need for timely and relevant data. The software tools described in this paper can have a positive impact on the evolution of the design process, but only if fully integrated into a concurrent engineering environment.<>
可靠性、可维护性和可测试性(R/M/T)需求对系统获取有重要影响。此外,早期设计决策是系统成本和性能的主要决定因素。系统生命周期成本的80%以上将在设计阶段结束时确定。认识到这两个事实突出了对更好的R/M/T设计能力的需求。加强各种计算机辅助R/M/T过程之间的合作将有助于降低生命周期成本和提高设计质量。认识到这一点,罗马航空发展中心(RADC)已经着手开发几个计算机辅助R/M/T程序。在实现这些工具对并行工程的全部好处之前,还存在几个关键问题。这些问题包括:可靠性和可维护性(R&M)工程师对当前设计信息的访问,几个设计参与者之间R&M数据的交流,以及对及时和相关数据的需求。本文中描述的软件工具可以对设计过程的发展产生积极的影响,但前提是要完全集成到并发的工程环境中。
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引用次数: 0
Concurrent engineering-key to cost-effective product reliability, maintainability, and manufacturability 并行工程是保证产品可靠性、可维护性和可制造性的关键
Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RMCAE.1992.245501
D. Poeth
A major effort is being directed to combine and integrate the product life cycle using the concept of concurrent engineering. The major barriers to industry-wide acceptance of concurrent engineering have been found to be management misunderstanding of the applications of the concepts involved and a lack of clear direction to its implementation, and a reluctance to change by the engineering professionals involved. A change in total corporate culture is required to eliminate these barriers. The principal conclusion reached is that the current push to introduce total quality management (TQM) into a company can be used as the driver for the integration of all engineering and manufacturing functions into a concurrent engineering operation. Concurrent engineering becomes an enabling technology for total quality management. Further, disciplines such as reliability, maintainability, and computer-aided engineering become the enabling technologies for concurrent engineering. The acceptance of the changes required in corporate culture leads to the natural introduction and evolution of new technology driven by total quality management. This evolution has resulted in a smooth transition from isolated product generation functions into a totally integrated design, test and manufacturing operation.<>
主要的工作是使用并行工程的概念来组合和集成产品生命周期。业界普遍接受并行工程的主要障碍是管理层对相关概念的应用的误解,缺乏明确的实施方向,以及工程专业人员不愿意改变。要消除这些障碍,就需要改变整个企业文化。得出的主要结论是,目前将全面质量管理(TQM)引入公司的努力可以作为将所有工程和制造功能集成到并发工程操作中的驱动因素。并行工程成为全面质量管理的一种使能技术。此外,诸如可靠性、可维护性和计算机辅助工程等学科成为并行工程的支持技术。接受企业文化中所需要的变化导致了全面质量管理驱动的新技术的自然引入和发展。这种演变导致了从孤立的产品生成功能到完全集成的设计,测试和制造操作的平稳过渡。
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引用次数: 4
A new DFM tool strengthens concurrent engineering 一种新的DFM工具加强了并行工程
Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RMCAE.1992.245531
D. Fullaway
Much has been written about the concepts of design for manufacturability and concurrent engineering, but until recently there have been few software tools which could be purchased to help in applying these powerful concepts. This paper presents a brief description of DFM and how one tool can strengthen a concurrent engineering approach for electronic product design.<>
关于可制造性设计和并行工程的概念已经写了很多,但是直到最近,还很少有软件工具可以购买来帮助应用这些强大的概念。本文简要介绍了DFM,以及一个工具如何加强电子产品设计的并行工程方法。
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引用次数: 0
Improving R&M CAE up front for downstream logistics concerns 改善下游物流问题的R&M CAE
Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RMCAE.1992.245522
L. Griffin
The author depicts a planned sortie requirement for a front line fighter. He shows how things become more complicated when one considers maintenance delays and attrition. A lot of companies are recognizing that a product that is easier to manufacture and has fewer test failures in the factory is more reliable and easier to maintain in the field. Mechanisms include rule-based design and object-oriented design. Object-oriented design has the potential to take take mundane complexity out of the engineer's path to improve things. As an example, the author considers a connector-selection aid that recommends a connector based on a description of the application.<>
作者描述了前线战斗机的计划出击要求。他展示了当人们考虑到维护延迟和损耗时,事情变得多么复杂。许多公司都认识到,在工厂中更容易制造、测试失败更少的产品更可靠,也更容易在现场维护。机制包括基于规则的设计和面向对象的设计。面向对象设计有可能消除工程师改进事物的道路上的世俗复杂性。作为一个例子,作者考虑了一个连接器选择辅助工具,它根据应用程序的描述推荐连接器
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引用次数: 0
期刊
计算机辅助工程
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