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Gaussian Approximation based WCDMA and OFDMA System Performance Investigation for Various Fading Channels 基于高斯逼近的WCDMA和OFDMA系统各种衰落信道性能研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/IDCIoT56793.2023.10053401
Parveen Singla, Vikas Gupta, Rinkesh Mittal, Ramanpreet Kaur, Jaskirat Kaur
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) systems and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technique were the basic of modern wireless systems aimed to provide enriched services. But the channel impairments always put a limit on modern systems that also includes AC-MIMO Radio, 802.11ac and LTE/VoLTE. Here, the conduct of WCDMA and OFDMA primarily based totally structures is analyzed via way of means of widely recognized primary Gaussian Approximation (GA) in which interference and noise to the gadget is generated via way of means of suggest and variance approximations of noise power. In order to generate the faded transmitted signal Weibull, Rayleigh, Rician and Nakagami distributions have been applied to systems. OFDMA and WCDMA system performances for different fading environments have been observed by error rate graphs. It is validated that inclusion of fading in the system increases error rate and the performance of OFDMA system is much better than WCDMA system.
宽带码分多址(WCDMA)系统和正交频分多址(OFDMA)技术是现代无线系统的基础,旨在提供丰富的业务。但是,信道障碍总是限制现代系统的使用,包括AC-MIMO Radio、802.11ac和LTE/VoLTE。本文通过广泛认可的初级高斯近似(primary Gaussian Approximation, GA)方法分析了基于WCDMA和OFDMA的总体结构的性能,其中对器件的干扰和噪声是通过噪声功率的建议近似和方差近似产生的。为了产生衰落的传输信号,系统中应用了威布尔分布、瑞利分布、瑞利分布和中川分布。用误码率图观察了OFDMA和WCDMA系统在不同衰落环境下的性能。验证了系统中加入衰落会增加误码率,并且OFDMA系统的性能比WCDMA系统好得多。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of Motorist Weariness Detection System using a Conventional Object Recognition Technique 基于传统目标识别技术的驾驶员疲劳检测系统的实现
Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/IDCIoT56793.2023.10052783
Khushi Gupta, Siddhartha Choubey, Y. N, P. William, V. N., Chaitanya P. Kale
Detecting driver drowsiness is a huge crucial problem in the sector of accident-avoidance technologies, so the development of an innovative intelligent system came into the picture. The system also prioritized safety concerns such as informing the victim and avoiding yawning. The technique for this system is a machine learning-based sophisticated algorithm that can identify the driver's facial expressions and quantify the rate of driver sleepiness. This may be avoided by activating an alarm that causes the driver to become alert when he or she becomes fatigued. The Eye Aspects Ratio (EAR) is used to recognize the system’s drowsiness rate by calculating the facial plot localization which extracts and gives the drowsiness rate.Current approaches, however, have significant shortcomings due to the considerable unpredictability of surrounding conditions. Poor lighting may impair the camera's ability to precisely measure the driver's face and eye. This will affect image processing analysis which corresponds to late detection or no detection, tendering the technique in accuracy and efficiency. Numerous strategies were investigated and analyzed to determine the optimal technique with the maximum accuracy for detecting driver tiredness. In this paper, the implementation of a real-time system is proposed that requires a camera to automatically trace and process the victim’s eye using Dlib Python, and OpenCV. The driver's eye area is continually monitored and computed to assess drowsiness before generating an output alarm to notify the driver.
在事故避免技术领域,检测驾驶员困倦是一个非常关键的问题,因此开发一种创新的智能系统就出现了。该系统还优先考虑安全问题,如通知受害者和避免打哈欠。该系统的技术是一种基于机器学习的复杂算法,可以识别驾驶员的面部表情,并量化驾驶员的困倦率。这可以通过激活警报来避免,当司机疲劳时,警报会使他或她变得警觉。利用眼宽比(EAR)方法,通过计算人脸图定位提取并给出困倦率来识别系统的困倦率。然而,由于周围条件的不可预测性,目前的方法有很大的缺点。光线不足可能会影响相机精确测量驾驶员面部和眼睛的能力。这将影响到图像处理分析,从而导致检测延迟或不检测,从而影响技术的准确性和效率。为了确定检测驾驶员疲劳程度的最优技术,对多种策略进行了研究和分析。在本文中,提出了一个实时系统的实现,该系统需要一个摄像头来自动跟踪和处理受害者的眼睛,使用Dlib Python和OpenCV。在产生输出警报通知驾驶员之前,驾驶员的眼睛区域被持续监测和计算以评估困倦程度。
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引用次数: 23
Advanced Optimized Counter based Hierarchal Model to Predict Cancer’s Disease from Cancer Patients Neurological Features 基于计数器的先进优化层次模型从癌症患者的神经特征预测癌症
Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/IDCIoT56793.2023.10053483
K. Laxminarayanamma, R. Krishnaiah, P. Sammulal
Cancer disease prediction based on neurological characteristics of cancer patients is gaining a significant research attention in recent times. The role of data in the processing and analysis of neurological features is critical, and the main goal is to efficiently extract neurological features from cancer patients' data. Random extraction of neurological features from cancer patient data is a new research initiative. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is a promising approach in various healthcare applications to efficiently perform the data processing tasks. Some CNN-based approaches have been proposed to perform efficient cancer disease prediction using remotely sensed neurological features. Cancer disease extraction based on MPDCNN is one of the best CNN approaches used for extracting features and perform disease prediction from Geo-Fan-2 (GF-2) sensing cancer patient data. However, due to its sparse arrangement of optimal boundary, exact neurological features and high amount of training time, it is insufficient to investigate and automate the neurological feature extraction process from the cancer patient's data. A Novel Optimized Multi Feature Contour based Hierarchical Neural Network (NOMFCHNN) is proposed to improve the automatic neurological feature prediction process. NOMFCHNN is made up of expanding neural network features and layers related to inception, which contains the data about network localization, and this approach uses optimal and exact neurological feature matching with extended feature extraction. This method also employs contour map optimization to identify contours based on globalization of cancer patient data along with the output of the identified contour being transmitted to the next identified contour in the selected hierarchical region. Furthermore, the proposed approach evaluates the low- resolution term in cancer patient's data to gain knowledge from the cancer patient's data by obtaining the prediction results of neighbouring optimal and exact neurological features to eliminate small changes or errors. A multi scale feature Prediction module is used to eliminate feature inconsistency between the encoding and decoding phases of the prediction process in order to identify better contours of neurological features from remote sensing cancer patient's data. Extensive experiments on combined repository cancer patient data show that the proposed methodology improves the prediction accuracy and other parameters when compared to the other state-of-the-art methods used to remotely analyze the neurological features.
基于癌症患者神经特征的癌症疾病预测是近年来备受关注的研究课题。数据在神经特征的处理和分析中起着至关重要的作用,其主要目标是从癌症患者的数据中高效地提取神经特征。从癌症患者数据中随机提取神经特征是一项新的研究。卷积神经网络(CNN)在各种医疗保健应用中有效地执行数据处理任务是一种很有前途的方法。已经提出了一些基于cnn的方法,利用遥感神经特征进行有效的癌症疾病预测。基于MPDCNN的癌症疾病提取是从Geo-Fan-2 (GF-2)感知癌症患者数据中提取特征并进行疾病预测的最佳CNN方法之一。然而,由于其最优边界排列稀疏、神经学特征精确、训练时间长,对癌症患者数据的神经学特征提取过程进行研究和自动化是不够的。为了改进神经系统特征自动预测过程,提出了一种新的基于优化多特征轮廓的分层神经网络(NOMFCHNN)。NOMFCHNN由扩展神经网络特征和初始相关层组成,其中包含有关网络定位的数据,该方法采用最优、精确的神经网络特征匹配和扩展特征提取。该方法还采用等高线地图优化,基于癌症患者数据的全球化来识别等高线,并将识别的等高线输出传输到所选层次区域的下一个识别等高线。此外,该方法对癌症患者数据中的低分辨率项进行评估,通过获得邻近最优和精确的神经学特征的预测结果,消除微小的变化或误差,从而从癌症患者数据中获取知识。采用多尺度特征预测模块,消除预测过程中编码与解码阶段的特征不一致,从而从遥感癌症患者数据中识别出更好的神经系统特征轮廓。对联合存储库癌症患者数据的大量实验表明,与用于远程分析神经特征的其他先进方法相比,所提出的方法提高了预测精度和其他参数。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Composite Intrusion Detection System (CIDS) for Wireless Sensor Network 一种新的无线传感器网络复合入侵检测系统(CIDS)
Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/IDCIoT56793.2023.10053547
Swaminathan K, V. Ravindran, R. Ponraj, S. Venkatasubramanian, K. Chandrasekaran, S. Ragunathan
Modern wireless technology demands the implementation of preset Sensor nodes for a structured wireless network. The network has sensor nodes for surveillance or environmental sensing, which wirelessly transmit data to a collection point. Therefore, data transfer must be protected by preventing external intrusion attacks. This will be handled by designing an effective intrusion detection system proposed as a Composite Intrusion detection system (CIDS). It is suitable for a network in heterogeneous network structure with a capable of identifying externals attacks like flooding of data's, sending unwanted data packets and changing the destination node. For routing of data packets between the nodes, minimum power utilization with changeable cluster heading method is used. The activities of sensor nodes will be monitored and a dataset is formed on the basis of the node’s activity. It is known as Network Databases (NDB). Using this dataset, the intrusion attacks will be identified by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). ANN will be trained with a predefined dataset for the effective identification of external attacks. The proposed CIDS methodology shows the high accuracy of identifying the external attacks on the sensor networks when comparing to the previous designed system in all the types of attacks.
现代无线技术要求在结构化无线网络中实现预设的传感器节点。该网络具有用于监视或环境传感的传感器节点,它们将数据无线传输到一个收集点。因此,必须通过防止外部入侵攻击来保护数据传输。这将通过设计一种有效的入侵检测系统来解决,该系统被称为复合入侵检测系统(CIDS)。它适用于异构网络结构的网络,具有识别外部攻击的能力,如数据泛滥、发送不需要的数据包和改变目的节点。对于节点间的数据包路由,采用可变簇头最小功耗方法。传感器节点的活动将被监控,并在节点活动的基础上形成数据集。它被称为网络数据库(NDB)。利用该数据集,利用人工神经网络(ANN)识别入侵攻击。人工神经网络将使用预定义的数据集进行训练,以有效识别外部攻击。与之前设计的系统相比,所提出的CIDS方法在所有类型的攻击中都具有较高的识别传感器网络外部攻击的准确性。
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引用次数: 1
Framework for Implementation of Personality Inventory Model on Natural Language Processing with Personality Traits Analysis 基于人格特质分析的自然语言处理人格清单模型实现框架
Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/IDCIoT56793.2023.10053501
P. William, Y. N, V. M. Tidake, Snehal Sumit Gondkar, Chetana. R, K. Vengatesan
The phrase "personality" refers to an individual's distinct mode of thought, action, and behaviour Personality is a collection of feelings, thoughts, and aspirations that may be seen in the way people interact with one another. Behavioural features that separate one person from another and may be clearly seen when interacting with individuals in one's immediate surroundings and social group are included in this category of traits. To improve good healthy discourse, a variety of ways for evaluating candidate personalities based on the meaning of their textual message have been developed. According to the research, the textual content of interview responses to conventional interview questions is an effective measure for predicting a person's personality attribute. Nowadays, personality prediction has garnered considerable interest. It analyses user activity and displays their ideas, feelings, and so on. Historically, defining a personality trait was a laborious process. Thus, automated prediction is required for a big number of users. Different algorithms, data sources, and feature sets are used in various techniques. As a way to gauge someone's personality, personality prediction has evolved into an important topic of research in both psychology and computer science. Candidate personality traits may be classified using a word embedding model, which is the subject of this article.
“个性”一词指的是一个人独特的思维、行动和行为模式。个性是情感、思想和愿望的集合,可以从人们相互交往的方式中看到。这类特征包括将一个人与另一个人区分开来的行为特征,以及在与周围环境和社会群体中的个体互动时可以清楚地看到的行为特征。为了改善良好的健康话语,人们开发了各种基于文本信息含义的评估候选人个性的方法。研究表明,对常规面试问题的回答文本内容是预测面试者人格属性的有效手段。如今,人格预测已经引起了相当大的兴趣。它分析用户活动并显示他们的想法、感受等等。从历史上看,定义个性特征是一个费力的过程。因此,需要对大量用户进行自动预测。在不同的技术中使用不同的算法、数据源和特性集。作为一种衡量一个人性格的方法,性格预测已经发展成为心理学和计算机科学研究的一个重要课题。候选人格特征可以使用词嵌入模型进行分类,这也是本文的主题。
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引用次数: 16
Minimization of Frequency Deviations in Multi-Area Power System with SSSC 基于SSSC的多区域电力系统频率偏差最小化
Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/IDCIoT56793.2023.10053433
N. M. Reddy, Chodagam Srinivas, Peruri Naga Sai Varsha, Sypureddy Srujana, Nadimpalli Saipriya, Rayi Sai Ganesh
Generally, a large power system consists of small interlinked power systems. These small systems are known as single-area systems and the entire large power system is known as a multi-area system. As technology is evolving day by day, the smart loads on power systems have been increasing. Due to this, the sudden addition and rejection of load take place which causes the deviation of frequency in the system. This scenario leads to a raise of uncertainties in the system so these can be reduced by using SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensator) device which belongs to the FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) devices. The main aim of this research work is to reduce frequency deviations in multi-area systems by using SSSC devices. Hence, the frequency deviation is reduced during load uncertainties. The results are then obtained through MATLAB/SIMULINK.
一般来说,大型电力系统是由相互连接的小型电力系统组成的。这些小系统被称为单区域系统,整个大型电力系统被称为多区域系统。随着技术的日益发展,电力系统的智能负荷也在不断增加。由于这一原因,会发生负载的突然加入和剔除,从而导致系统的频率偏差。这种情况导致系统中的不确定性增加,因此可以通过使用属于FACTS(柔性交流传输系统)设备的SSSC(静态同步串联补偿器)设备来减少这些不确定性。本研究的主要目的是利用SSSC器件减少多区域系统中的频率偏差。因此,在负荷不确定时,频率偏差减小。然后通过MATLAB/SIMULINK进行仿真计算。
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引用次数: 1
Detection and Classification of Early Stage Diabetic Retinopathy using Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing 基于人工智能和图像处理的早期糖尿病视网膜病变检测与分类
Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/IDCIoT56793.2023.10053477
C. Aravindan, R. Vasuki
Diabetic retinopathy is the term used to describe the damage to the blood vessels in the retina of the human eye. The symptoms of diabetic retinopathy are blurriness, difficulty in vision and even blindness can occur. The blood vessels in the retina of the human eye have been damaged over time, which has an impact on the person’s ability to see. It is a cumulative problem in the modern world. Diabetic retinopathy has four stages, including mild, moderate, and severe non proliferative and proliferative. To reduce the effects of diabetic retinopathy are early diagnosis is necessary. Thus, by using artificial intelligence and image processing, the early stage of diabetic retinopathy can be detected. This leads to faster and easier screening of disorder for both the patients and ophthalmologists.
糖尿病视网膜病变是用来描述人眼视网膜血管受损的术语。糖尿病视网膜病变的症状是视力模糊,视力困难,甚至失明。随着时间的推移,人眼视网膜中的血管已经受损,这对人的视觉能力产生了影响。在现代世界,这是一个累积的问题。糖尿病视网膜病变分为轻度、中度、重度非增生性和增生性四个阶段。为了减少糖尿病视网膜病变的影响,早期诊断是必要的。因此,通过人工智能和图像处理,可以检测到糖尿病视网膜病变的早期阶段。这使得患者和眼科医生都能更快、更容易地进行疾病筛查。
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引用次数: 1
Predictive Monitoring of Learning Processes 学习过程的预测监测
Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/IDCIoT56793.2023.10052784
G. Thiyagarajan, P. S
What students do in a self-paced online learning environment is a "black box". The instructor has limited interactions with students and a restricted understanding of how students are progressing in their studies. A technology, sophisticated enough to predict the outcome of the student in an online learning environment was widely adopted in Predictive Learning Analytics. In the past, research on predictive learning analytics has emphasized predicting learning outcomes rather than facilitating instructors and students in decision-making or analyzing student behavior. This research study employed a predictive process monitoring technique to analyze the student’s event logs in an online learning and online test environment to predict the next activity the student is going to perform and the remaining time to complete the course or test. The Long Short Term Memory neural network approach is used in this work to predict the next activity of the running case by analyzing the sequence of historical data and Apromore to predict the completion time of a case. By employing the predictive monitoring of learning processes, new insights are developed to analyze students’ behavior in real-time and is achievable.
学生在自定进度的在线学习环境中所做的事情是一个“黑匣子”。教师与学生的互动有限,对学生学习进展的了解也有限。预测学习分析(Predictive learning Analytics)广泛采用了一种足够复杂的技术,可以预测学生在在线学习环境中的学习结果。在过去,预测学习分析的研究侧重于预测学习结果,而不是促进教师和学生决策或分析学生行为。本研究采用了一种预测过程监控技术,在在线学习和在线测试环境中分析学生的事件日志,以预测学生将要执行的下一个活动以及完成课程或测试的剩余时间。本研究采用长短期记忆神经网络方法,通过分析历史数据序列和Apromore预测案例完成时间,预测运行案例的下一个活动。通过对学习过程的预测监测,可以开发出新的见解来实时分析学生的行为,并且是可以实现的。
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引用次数: 0
Flood Surveillance using FPV drones 使用FPV无人机进行洪水监测
Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/IDCIoT56793.2023.10053431
Nerella Venkata Pragna, Jothiga Srinivasan, Greeshma. M, Anala Jeyendra Sri Vishnu, Rithvik Polavarapu, Aparna Mohanty
The occurrence of floods is unavoidable due to the varying climatic and environmental conditions of a country like India. Flooding can be disastrous for both life and the economy, thus the presence of a flood monitoring and alert system becomes vital. A conventional weather monitoring system is not sufficient, since it is not quick and efficient. When a flood occurs, the authorities must spend a myriad of funds on food rations and emergency necessities. Even though the upscaled current flood monitoring systems in practice are situated in vital areas, it can be noticed that flash floods are still ubiquitous. In crucial times, drones play a major role in providing quick and efficient responses. During floods, it assists to map the impact caused, and to predict the damages to various life forms, properties, and lands. On that account, a First-Person View drone, which mainly incorporates an electronic speed controller and flight controller, that can be used for surveilling the areas of the flood has been designed in this work.
由于像印度这样的国家气候和环境条件的变化,洪水的发生是不可避免的。洪水对生活和经济都是灾难性的,因此洪水监测和警报系统的存在变得至关重要。传统的天气监测系统是不够的,因为它不够快速和有效。当洪水发生时,当局必须花费大量资金购买口粮和应急必需品。尽管目前在实践中升级的洪水监测系统位于重要地区,但可以注意到,山洪暴发仍然无处不在。在关键时刻,无人机在提供快速有效的反应方面发挥着重要作用。在洪水期间,它有助于绘制所造成的影响,并预测对各种生命形式、财产和土地的损害。为此,本研究设计了一种第一人称视角无人机,主要包括电子速度控制器和飞行控制器,可用于监测洪水区域。
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引用次数: 1
Modeling of IoT based High-Speed Hybrid Fiber-Optical Wireless Communication System 基于物联网的高速混合光纤无线通信系统建模
Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/IDCIoT56793.2023.10053482
Meet Kumari
An optical fiber communication may not be a favorable choice in geographical restriction areas for next generation Internet of Things (IoT) based networks at minimum cost, high data rate and long-range transmission. To reduce the cost of fiber cable, short range wireless links, to enhance the mobility and the system bandwidth, a hybrid fiber-Visible Light Communication (VLC) system is employed to access the information anywhere and anytime with less delay. In this work, a white Light Emitting Diode (LED) based fiber-VLC system has been presented. The results depict that the proposed work allows 40Gbps transmission rate, fiber range of 10km and VLC range of 800m. Also, at an optimum transmitter and receiver aperture diameters of 10cm and 10cm respectively, the desired system performance can be received. The proposed fiber-VLC system offers long range distance and high data rate under the presence of noise and interference. Besides this, the proposed system is a superior system when compared to other related work.
对于低成本、高数据速率和远距离传输的下一代物联网网络来说,光纤通信在地理限制区域可能不是一个有利的选择。为了降低光缆和短距离无线链路的成本,提高系统的移动性和带宽,采用光纤-可见光通信(VLC)混合通信系统,实现随时随地、低时延地获取信息。本文提出了一种基于白光发光二极管(LED)的光纤vlc系统。结果表明,所提出的工作允许40Gbps的传输速率,10km的光纤范围和800m的VLC范围。在最佳发射和接收孔径分别为10cm和10cm时,可以接收到理想的系统性能。所提出的光纤vlc系统在噪声和干扰存在的情况下具有远距离和高数据速率的特点。此外,与其他相关工作相比,所提出的系统是一个优越的系统。
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引用次数: 0
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