JOM最新文献

Arsenic contamination poses a severe threat to global aquatic ecosystems and human health, necessitating effective remediation strategies. Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) has emerged as a promising material for arsenic removal due to its high surface area, excellent reduction capacity, and unique core-shell structure. However, its practical application is hindered by inherent limitations such as particle agglomeration, surface passivation, and oxidative deactivation. This review systematically examines recent advances in nZVI and its composites for inorganic arsenic removal from wastewater. First, we summarize nZVI synthesis methods, including physical and chemical approaches, highlighting the potential of green in situ synthesis for sustainable groundwater remediation. Next, we critically analyze key modification strategies for nZVI, including bimetallic modification, sulfidation modification, surfactant modification, and solid-loading modification, and emphasize the shift from single modifications to synergistic multifunctional designs. Furthermore, we evaluate the influence of environmental factors, including pH, coexisting ions, adsorbent dosage, and reaction time, on arsenic removal efficiency. The underlying mechanisms—primarily adsorption, oxidation, and coprecipitation—are thoroughly discussed. Finally, we identify current challenges and future research directions for nZVI-based materials in global applications. This review provides valuable insights for designing eco-friendly, cost-effective, and high-performance arsenic removal technologies.

Hot-dip galvanized products are widely used in various fields of production and daily life due to their excellent corrosion resistance. Some studies have incorporated a fourth trace alloying element into Zn-Al-Mg coatings to form quaternary alloys for enhanced performance. In this work, three Zn-Al-Mg alloy ingots with trace Bi/Sb additions were prepared by induction melting, with compositions of Zn1.5Al1.0Mg1.0Bi, Zn1.5Al1.0Mg1.0Sb, and Zn1.5Al1.0 Mg, respectively. Melting was conducted in a heating furnace under an argon-protected atmosphere to obtain solidified microstructures. The solidification microstructure and corrosion behavior of Zn-Al-Mg alloys with Bi/Sb additions were investigated via microstructure characterization, electrochemical tests, and immersion experiments. Basic calculations were performed to predict the properties of Bi/Sb-added Zn-Al-Mg alloys. The microstructure and phase composition of the alloys were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical Tafel curves and Nyquist plots of Zn-Al-Mg alloys with different Bi/Sb contents showed that, with the addition of Bi/Sb, the corrosion current density decreased while the impedance value increased, indicating that the corrosion resistance of Zn-Al-Mg alloys was improved by Bi/Sb additions. The precipitation of Bi₂Mg₃ and Mg₃Sb₂ phases was identified through EBSD diffraction analysis, and the morphology and distribution of these precipitated phases were studied.

Electrode materials determine the performance of supercapacitors, and transition metal sulfides are one of the suitable electrode materials due to their high theoretical capacity, high electrical conductivity, high electrochemical activity, low electronegativity, and good compatibility. CuFeS₂ can be used as an electrode material with excellent performance in supercapacitors; it is endowed with excellent electrochemical performance and a wide range of electrochemical applications due to the multiple oxidation states of multiple elements, as well as high electrical conductivity, high redox activity, and high crystal structure volume due to the unique crystal structure of tetrahedral coordination of Cu, Fe, and S. In this paper, an ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal process was employed to synthesize CuFeS₂ 3D nanomaterials, which is simple, fast, and stable. The syntheses were confirmed by XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM, and scanning electron microscopy showed experimentally synthesized CuFeS₂ 3D nanomaterials with uniform particle size. The process yielded CuFeS₂ 3D nanomaterials via ultrasound-induced cavitation, continuous magnetic stirring, and autoclave reaction at 185°C for 150 min, exhibiting good electrochemical properties and potential as electrode materials for supercapacitors.

Ni-based alloys are strong candidates for use in high-temperature molten salt reactors due to their superior corrosion resistance and mechanical stability compared to stainless steels. In this study, the static corrosion behavior of a Ni-19Cr-5Fe model alloy was systematically evaluated in a purified molten NaCl-MgCl₂ salt at 700°C for 30, 240, and 500 h. Post-exposure analyses were conducted to assess microstructural evolution, corrosion depth, and elemental depletion profiles. Corrosion rates, quantified by chromium depletion depth, followed an inverse power-law trend with increasing exposure time, indicating diffusion-limited kinetics. This trend is attributed to limitations in mass transport in the static salt and to the progressive local depletion of reactive chromium species. Coupled electron backscatter diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis further revealed that the grain boundary character significantly influences corrosion susceptibility: high-angle grain boundaries exhibited pronounced Cr depletion and pitting, while low-angle and Σ3 boundaries remained comparatively resistant. These results offer valuable insight into the role of microstructure in corrosion processes and reinforce the importance of time-dependent material evaluation in molten salt environments relevant to advanced reactor designs.