JOM最新文献

With the surging demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the recycling of spent LIBs has emerged as a critical endeavor for resource reuse and environmental protection. This study focuses on ion separation in the synergistic leaching solution derived from LiFePO₄ (LFP) and LiMn₂O₄ (LMO) batteries, with the objective of efficiently removing Mn, Fe, and P while recovering Li and Mn. Analysis of the Eh-pH diagram confirms the feasibility of stepwise precipitation through pH regulation. Under optimal conditions (pH 8, temperature 40°C, sodium carbonate concentration 0.75 mol/L, and reaction time 60 min), sodium carbonate as the precipitant achieves precipitation efficiencies of 99.49% for Fe, 99.89% for P, and 99.89% for Mn, with a Li loss rate as low as 0.148%. Characterizations via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) reveal that the precipitated product is spherical MnCO₃ which can be converted into polyhedral Mn₃O₄ upon calcination. The lithium-rich filtrate, after further treatment, yields columnar Li₂CO₃ that meets the specifications for crude lithium carbonate. This method offers an efficient and environmentally benign technical route for the recovery of Mn and Li from spent LIBs, thereby contributing to sustainable resource cycling and mitigating environmental impacts-aligning with the principles of cleaner production.

Non-periodic architectures observed in biological materials have been studied for their outstanding mechanical properties, such as high stiffness-to-weight ratio, energy absorption, and capacity to redistribute applied stresses. Taking inspiration from these architectures to generate engineering materials is still an open challenge. Irregular structures are challenging to model and fabricate using conventional design methods, yet they offer unique opportunities for creating functional and efficient material systems. One emerging approach is the use of tile-based computational algorithms that simulate growth processes to more effectively capture the structural irregularity of these materials. In this work, we discuss biological irregular architectures and the recent developments in computational tiling algorithms, with a particular emphasis on algorithms of virtual growth. These algorithms rely on simple tiles and a set of modifiable connection rules to generate countless complex, non-periodic structures with precise control over their geometry and topology. Recent studies have shown that material systems synthesized using tile-based designs inspired by non-periodic biological architectures can exhibit favorable properties, including enhanced impact absorbance and stress modulation. Despite this progress, integration of structure and function remains limited, highlighting the need for hybrid approaches that incorporate performance-based feedback and optimization strategies. In this context, these tools are uniquely positioned not only as generators of designs of increasing structural complexity for advanced architected materials but also as promising models for investigating fundamental questions in developmental biology.

This study explores the synergistic effects of graphite nanoparticles (0.1 wt.%) and thermal annealing (100–600°C) on electroless Ni-B coatings for AISI 4140 steel. Graphite-enabled multifunctional performance—crystallization control, friction reduction, and antibacterial activity—are unlike conventional Ni-B systems. XRD showed amorphous-to-crystalline (Ni₃B/Ni₂B) transformation, with graphite acting as a nucleation agent below 300°C before degrading at 600°C. The 300°C-annealed composite achieved optimal properties: 0.2 friction coefficient (75% lower than uncoated steel), 60% higher wear resistance, and hardness of 777 HV (+ 3.6% over as-deposited), attributed to graphite lubrication and nanocrystalline Ni₃B formation. Antibacterial tests revealed a 3.4-mm inhibition zone against E. coli, though efficacy declined at higher temperatures due to graphite oxidation. All composites maintained superhydrophilicity (contact angle ≈ 0°) without mechanical compromise. By correlating annealing temperature with microstructure, this work provides a design framework for Ni-B/graphite coatings combining low friction (μ = 0.2), high hardness (785 HV), and antibacterial functionality—addressing critical needs for wear-resistant, hygienic surfaces in biomedical and industrial applications.

This study presents a novel electrochemical comparison of WC–Co and Cr₃C₂ coatings on steel substrates, addressing a critical gap in benchmarking corrosion resistance under controlled alkaline conditions. In 3.5% NaCl, potentiodynamic polarization revealed corrosion rates of 0.065668 mm/year for uncoated steel, 0.023323 mm/year for WC–Co, and a significantly lower 0.007667 mm/year for Cr₃C₂. The enhanced performance of Cr₃C₂ is linked to its superior passivation and microstructural stability. These findings establish a unified framework for evaluating coating efficacy in aggressive environments and offer actionable guidance for material selection in corrosion-critical sectors such as offshore, mining, and chemical processing.

The Cr-Mo-Si-Ni-Al alloy system was investigated with the goal of combining recent advances in the two-phase Cr-Mo-Si system [(Cr,Mo)-A2 matrix + (Cr,Mo)₃Si-A15 precipitates], with the approach of strengthening the Cr matrix with the low misfit precipitate NiAl (B2). The role of Mo and Si in the system was investigated in alloys that were arc-melted, annealed, and characterized for microstructure, hardness, fracture toughness, and compressive strength at various temperatures (21–1000 °C). Unlike the A15 phase, the B2 phase does not reduce the fracture toughness of the Cr solid solution matrix. The yield stress of the A2–B2 system is comparable to that of the A2–A15 system, but retains its strength up to higher temperatures (tested up to 1000 °C). The addition of Ni and Al to the Cr-Mo-Si system shifts the stability regime of the σ phase in the system to lower Mo and Si contents and lower temperatures. Since Ni shows high solubility in the σ phase, reducing the Ni/Al ratio reduces the amount of the σ phase. The implementation of NiAl precipitates to the Mo- and Si-strengthened Cr matrix has a beneficial effect on the high-temperature strength and low-temperature fracture toughness of the Cr-based alloys.

This review examines advanced metal manufacturing techniques, focusing on the thermodynamic principles that govern alloying, refining, and microstructural control. Conventional methods, including electric arc furnaces (EAF), ladle furnaces (LF), vacuum arc remelting (VAR), and electroslag remelting (ESR), are evaluated alongside emerging techniques such as laser engineering net shape (LENS), selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam additive manufacturing (EBM), wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), and binder jetting. The analysis reveals that challenges in traditional processes—such as impurity control and volatile element management—are mirrored in the new additive technologies. To fully realize the advantages of additive manufacturing, high-temperature thermodynamic measurements must be conducted and new methodologies for quantifying thermodynamic properties will need to be developed.

Copper anode slime is a valuable resource for extracting precious metals and rare-dispersed metals, such as gold, platinum, selenium and so on. However, the presence of large amounts of antimony, bismuth and other impurities in anode slime reduces the recovery rate of precious metals in the subsequent process of leaching gold by chlorination and extracting silver by sodium sulfite. Furthermore, antinomy and bismuth in anode slime must be comprehensively recovered to realize efficient resource utilization and prevent serious environmental pollution. Herein, copper-removed anode slime was leached by HCl-NaCl-H₂SO₄ compound chlorides, and the Sb, Bi-containing oxychlorides were then separated by using a sequential hydrolysis strategy. Accordingly, Sb₂O₃ flame-retardant materials were prepared by simultaneous neutralization and dechlorination. It is revealed that the hydrolysis rate of antimony can be maintained at 98%, when hydrolyzing at 25°C for 60 min with dilution ratio of 3:1. Simultaneously, the octahedral cubic crystal Sb₂O₃ powders with an average particle size of 1.21 μm are obtained through a neutralizing-dechlorinating synergy strategy under ultrasonic cavitating for 90 min. The prepared cubic-Sb₂O₃ powders possess good crystallinity and no impurity peak; they are considered a potential candidate for a flame retardant, corresponding to realizing the efficient resource utilization of antimony.

Laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) is a metal additive manufacturing process. Due to the complex nature of the layer-wise, repeated heating and cooling cycles, it tends to generate high-magnitude residual stresses. If not correctly understood and mitigated through in- or post-process approaches, these residual stresses can be detrimental as they are often tensile at the surface. However, determining the magnitude and location of peak tensile residual stresses is not trivial as they are often located subsurface. This work focuses on determining the magnitude and location of these deleterious tensile residual stresses in a PBF-LB/316L specimen. Two diffraction-based methods are used to reveal the relationship between the residual stresses and the underlying microstructure. On the one hand, high spatial resolution neutron diffraction is used to determine triaxial stresses from the bulk to a depth of 0.15 mm. On the other hand, laboratory X-ray diffraction coupled with electrolytical layer removal allows the biaxial residual stress depth profile to be probed from the surface to a depth of about 0.6 mm. The results show a good agreement between the two methods. The peak residual stress is shown to be 500 MPa, which appears as a plateau between 0.08 and 0.35 mm in depth.