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Extraction–Photometric Determination of Acetone Acylhydrazones in Aqueous Solutions 萃取-光度法测定水溶液中的丙酮酰肼
IF 1 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824700928
L. G. Chekanova, I. M. Rubtsov, V. N. Vaulina, A. V. Kharitonova

A procedure is developed for determining acetone acylhydrazones based on the formation of a colored complex with copper(II) ions of the composition Cu : reagent = 1 : 2 in ammonia solutions, its subsequent extraction with chloroform, and measurements of the absorbance of the extracts at 553 nm (ε = 128 L/(mol cm)); the analytical range is 80.0–590.0 mg/L; the relative error is <2.80%. Using acetone heptanoylhydrazone as an example, it was shown that the reagent in the complex compound is quantitatively extracted in the pH range 7−10 with a single extraction for 3 min; for its complete extraction, a twofold excess of copper(II) is sufficient. The spectra of the homologue complexes of the studied series of acetone acylhydrazones are similar. The high hydrolytic stability of the reagents in a narrow pH range of 9‒10 is established by the spectrophotometric method. The procedure is tested on solutions obtained in the study of the adsorption of reagents on chalcopyrite. The precision of the analysis results is verified by the addition method.

根据在氨溶液中与铜(II)离子形成有色络合物(Cu : 试剂 = 1 : 2),然后用氯仿萃取,并在 553 nm 处测量萃取物吸光度(ε = 128 L/(mol cm))的方法,建立了测定丙酮酰肼的程序;分析范围为 80.0-590.0 mg/L;相对误差为 2.80%。以丙酮庚酰腙为例,在 pH 值为 7-10 的条件下,一次萃取 3 分钟即可定量萃取出复合物中的试剂;要完全萃取出复合物中的试剂,过量两倍的铜(II)即可。所研究的丙酮酰肼系列的同族络合物的光谱相似。分光光度法证实了这些试剂在 9-10 的狭窄 pH 值范围内具有很高的水解稳定性。在研究试剂对黄铜矿的吸附性时,对所得溶液进行了测试。分析结果的精确度通过添加法得到验证。
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引用次数: 0
Detection and Identification of Starch and Flour Adulteration by Digital Colorimetry and Fourier-Transform Near-IR Spectroscopy 利用数字比色法和傅立叶变换近红外光谱仪检测和鉴别淀粉和面粉掺假
IF 1 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824700916
V. G. Amelin, O. E. Emel’yanov, Z. A. Ch. Shogah, A. V. Tret’yakov

A colorimetric device is proposed for identifying and detecting the adulteration of various types of starch and flour by diffuse reflection of UV and IR radiation from LEDs. The color characteristics of the samples (RGB channel values) were determined using cameras on OnePlus 10 Pro and iPhone 14 smartphones with installed applications PhotoMetrix PRO, ColorGrab, and RGBer. Near-infrared spectra (4000–10 000 cm–1) were recorded on a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer. Specialized software packages, including TQ Analyst 9, The Unscrambler X, and XLSTAT, processed the dataset of colorimetric and spectral characteristics. The identification features included clustering patterns for different types of starch and flour in principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Optimal wavelengths for determining the quality of adulteration of the tested samples were identified: for starch, the simultaneous use of all LEDs (365, 390, 850, and 880 nm); for flour, LEDs with wavelengths of 365 and 390 nm. The qualitative adulteration was assessed using graphs of the dependence of the F1 component on the mass fraction of the added foreign substance in the starch or flour. The effectiveness of the colorimetric method was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the near-infrared region.

通过 LED 对紫外线和红外线辐射的漫反射,提出了一种用于识别和检测各类淀粉和面粉掺假的比色装置。使用安装了 PhotoMetrix PRO、ColorGrab 和 RGBer 应用程序的 OnePlus 10 Pro 和 iPhone 14 智能手机上的摄像头测定了样品的颜色特征(RGB 通道值)。近红外光谱(4000-10 000 cm-1)由傅立叶变换红外光谱仪记录。包括 TQ Analyst 9、The Unscrambler X 和 XLSTAT 在内的专业软件包处理了色度和光谱特征数据集。识别特征包括主成分分析和分层聚类分析中不同类型淀粉和面粉的聚类模式。确定了检测样品掺假质量的最佳波长:对于淀粉,同时使用所有 LED(365、390、850 和 880 nm);对于面粉,使用波长为 365 和 390 nm 的 LED。通过 F1 成分与淀粉或面粉中添加的外来物质的质量分数的关系图,对定性掺假进行了评估。傅立叶变换红外光谱法在近红外区域证实了比色法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Thin-Layer Chromatography of Methylated Derivatives of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates in Water Analysis by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry 通过气相色谱-质谱法分析水中线性烷基苯磺酸盐甲基化衍生物的薄层色谱法
IF 1 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824701041
A. A. Nikonova, E. F. Rokhina, O. Yu. Glyzina, S. D. Dylgerova, A. N. Chindyavskaya, A. V. Rokhin, A. G. Proidakov

Sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates (ABS), or linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), are among the most common synthetic anionic surfactants and water pollutants, capable of causing both acute and chronic toxic effects on aquatic organisms. The selective determination of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates as a distinct class of anionic surfactants in complex natural matrices is feasible by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC–MS) in the form of linear alkylbenzenesulfonic acid methyl esters (LABSA ME). The behavior of LAS and LABSA ME was studied under ascending high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) using Kieselgel 60 F254 and Sorbfil plates to purify extracts and preconcentrate analytes. A mixture of n-hexane with methanol (23 : 1, v/v) is proposed as a mobile phase. Under these conditions, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates remain at the start line, while their derivatives (LABSA ME), obtained by methylation with trimethyl orthoformate in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (yield η = 98%), form zones characterized by retention factors Rf of 0.62–0.71 on Kieselgel 60 F254 and Sorbfil plates, respectively. The repeatability of Rf values is characterized by a relative standard deviation of 6.1 and 5.9%, respectively (n = 16). The completeness of the extraction (95.0–100.0%) of analytes from the plates is noted using descending HPTLC with acetonitrile. The applicability of the HPTLC method for preconcentrating analytes and purifying extracts is demonstrated using real water samples. Using GC–MS with electron impact ionization, concentrations of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates were found in water sampled from the southern basin of Lake Baikal at a depth of 400 m (0.24 ± 0.02 µg/L) and in water obtained from melting snow collected from the ice of the Krestovka River at its mouth near the settlement of Listvyanka (31.1 ± 1.0 µg/L).

烷基苯磺酸钠 (ABS) 或线型烷基苯磺酸盐 (LAS) 是最常见的合成阴离子表面活性剂和水污染物,可对水生生物产生急性和慢性毒性影响。烷基苯磺酸钠作为一类独特的阴离子表面活性剂,可通过气相色谱-质谱检测法(GC-MS)以线性烷基苯磺酸甲酯(LABSA ME)的形式在复杂的天然基质中进行选择性测定。使用 Kieselgel 60 F254 板和 Sorbfil 板对 LAS 和 LABSA ME 的行为进行了研究,使用升序高效薄层色谱法(HPTLC)对提取物进行纯化并预浓缩分析物。流动相为正己烷与甲醇(体积比为 23:1)的混合物。在这些条件下,烷基苯磺酸钠保持在起始线,而其衍生物(LABSA ME)则在三氟乙酸存在下通过原甲酸三甲酯甲基化得到(收率 η = 98%),在 Kieselgel 60 F254 和 Sorbfil 板上形成保留因子 Rf 分别为 0.62-0.71 的区域。Rf 值的相对标准偏差分别为 6.1% 和 5.9%(n = 16)。使用乙腈降序 HPTLC 法可以注意到板中分析物的提取完整性(95.0%-100.0%)。使用真实水样证明了 HPTLC 方法在预浓缩分析物和纯化提取物方面的适用性。利用电子碰撞电离的气相色谱-质谱法,在贝加尔湖南部盆地 400 米深处的水样中发现了烷基苯磺酸钠的浓度(0.24 ± 0.02 µg/L),在利斯特维扬卡居住区附近的克里斯托夫卡河河口从融雪中采集的水样中也发现了烷基苯磺酸钠的浓度(31.1 ± 1.0 µg/L)。
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引用次数: 0
Recognition of Samples of Similar Composition and Determination of Fluoroquinolones Using the Reaction of Carbocyanine Cy7-Hydrazine with 4-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde 利用羰花青 Cy7-Hydrazine 与 4-二甲基氨基苯甲醛的反应识别相似成分的样品并测定氟喹诺酮类药物
IF 1 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1134/S106193482470093X
V. S. Orekhov, E. V. Skorobogatov, M. K. Beklemishev

The work focuses on the development of a fluorimetric version of the fingerprint method based on conducting indicator reactions in the presence of a test sample. Observation of these reactions over time provides a more detailed information compared to batch methods, thereby improving sample recognition and enabling quantitative analysis. The proposed indicator reaction utilizes a commercial carbocyanine dye and 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, whose interaction results in a decrease in fluorescence intensity and changes in absorbance over time. Three fluoroquinolones—moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin—selectively change the signal in concentrations of 1 μM or higher, while other drugs, including different fluoroquinolones, do not interfere with the determination. Ofloxacin was detected in human urine samples at various times post-drug intake. A potential of using the same indicator reaction for sample recognition was demonstrated on examples of apple juices, soil extracts, and meat of varying freshness. Chemometric methods, including linear discriminant analysis, were used for data processing. The method achieved 97% accuracy in discriminating fifteen apple juice samples, 94% accuracy for ten apple juices from 2022 and 2023, 99% accuracy for ten soil samples, and successfully determined the freshness of five meat samples.

这项工作的重点是开发一种荧光指纹法,其基础是在测试样品存在的情况下进行指示剂反应。与批量方法相比,通过观察这些反应的时间变化,可以获得更详细的信息,从而提高样品识别率,实现定量分析。拟议的指示剂反应利用一种商用羰花青染料和 4-二甲氨基苯甲醛,它们的相互作用会导致荧光强度下降,吸光度随时间发生变化。三种氟喹诺酮类药物--氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星和氧氟沙星--会选择性地改变 1 μM 或更高浓度的信号,而其他药物,包括不同的氟喹诺酮类药物,不会干扰测定。在服药后不同时间段的人体尿样中都检测到了氧氟沙星。在苹果汁、土壤提取物和不同新鲜度的肉类样品中,证明了使用相同的指示剂反应进行样品识别的可能性。数据处理采用了化学计量学方法,包括线性判别分析。该方法鉴别 15 个苹果汁样品的准确率达到 97%,鉴别 10 个 2022 年和 2023 年苹果汁样品的准确率达到 94%,鉴别 10 个土壤样品的准确率达到 99%,并成功鉴别了 5 个肉类样品的新鲜度。
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引用次数: 0
Nanosilver and Graphene Oxide Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Electrochemical Detection of Bisphenol A 用于电化学检测双酚 A 的纳米银和石墨烯氧化物改性丝网印刷碳电极
IF 1 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824701077
H. Wan, X. Xie, H. Liu, S. Mahmud, H. Liu

In this study, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of bisphenol A (BPA) was developed by modifying a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) composites. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrode interface were meticulously investigated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, employing 1.0 mM [Fe(CN)6]3–/[Fe(CN)6]4– as a redox probe. The findings demonstrate that the AgNPs/GO/SPCE composite exhibits superior electrical conductivity and facilitates rapid electron transfer compared to both GO/SPCE and SPCE alone. The electrochemical behavior of BPA on the AgNPs/GO/SPCE electrode was comprehensively studied using CV, revealing exceptional electrocatalytic properties for BPA oxidation. To assess the analytical performance, differential pulse voltammetry was employed. Results unequivocally show a significant improvement in the electrochemical responses when using AgNPs/GO/SPCE. Calibration curves exhibited linear ranges of 0.25–2.19 μM with a remarkable limit of detection of 0.046 μM for BPA. Furthermore, the established method was applied for the determination of BPA in plastic products, achieving satisfactory reproducibility and recovery. This novel AgNPs/GO/SPCE-based sensor holds promise for the sensitive and reliable detection of BPA in various environmental and industrial applications.

本研究通过用银纳米颗粒(AgNPs)和氧化石墨烯(GO)复合材料修饰丝网印刷碳电极(SPCE),开发了一种用于检测双酚 A(BPA)的高灵敏度电化学传感器。采用 1.0 mM [Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4- 作为氧化还原探针,通过循环伏安法 (CV) 和电化学阻抗谱仔细研究了改性电极界面的电化学特性。研究结果表明,与单独的 GO/SPCE 和 SPCE 相比,AgNPs/GO/SPCE 复合材料具有更优越的导电性,并能促进电子的快速转移。利用 CV 对 AgNPs/GO/SPCE 电极上双酚 A 的电化学行为进行了全面研究,结果表明该电极对双酚 A 氧化具有优异的电催化性能。为了评估分析性能,采用了差分脉冲伏安法。结果明确显示,使用 AgNPs/GO/SPCE 时,电化学反应明显改善。校准曲线的线性范围为 0.25-2.19 μM,双酚 A 的检出限为 0.046 μM。此外,该方法还被应用于塑料制品中双酚 A 的测定,并取得了令人满意的重现性和回收率。这种基于 AgNPs/GO/SPCE 的新型传感器有望在各种环境和工业应用中灵敏可靠地检测双酚 A。
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引用次数: 0
Chromatographic Analysis of the Amino Acid Composition of Gallstones 胆结石氨基酸组成的色谱分析
IF 1 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824701016
E. V. Mashina, S. N. Shanina, O. Ye. Amosova

Cholelithiasis (gallstone disease) is a multifactorial condition characterized by the formation of gallstones. Investigation of the composition of gallstones is essential for understanding the mechanisms of their formation and addressing various practical issues. Currently, it remains unclear which protein components are involved in gallstone formation and how they are related to other components of the stones. This study demonstrates a potential for the qualitative and quantitative determination of amino acids in gallstones of men and women of different ages using gas chromatography (GC-17A chromatograph, Shimadzu, Japan). The analysis of the amino acid composition of gallstones involves the acid hydrolysis of the samples in 6 M HCl at 105°C for 12 h, followed by purification, derivatization of the isolated amino acids, and their determination by gas chromatography. This method allows for the identification of both D- and L-forms of amino acids. A statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the STATISTICA 6.0. The study found that cholesterol gallstones in women under the age 50 have the lowest amino acid content. In the amino acid composition of cholesterol gallstones, glycine, along with the L-forms of serine, alanine, and glutamic acid, predominates. Cholesterol gallstones with a mineral component are typical in elderly women (over 60 years old) and middle-aged men (from 37 years old) and exhibit higher amino acid contents than pure cholesterol gallstones. In this type of stones, glycine and the L-forms of leucine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid predominate. The highest amino acid content was found in pigment stones, both in men and women over the age 55. The amino acid composition of pigment-type stones is dominated by glycine and the L-forms of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, and alanine. D-amino acids were not detected in cholesterol gallstones. However, D-aspartic acid was found in cholesterol stones with a mineral component and in pigment gallstones. These findings suggest that gas chromatography is a suitable method for studying the amino acid composition of gallstones.

胆石症(胆石病)是一种以胆结石形成为特征的多因素疾病。研究胆结石的成分对于了解其形成机制和解决各种实际问题至关重要。目前,尚不清楚哪些蛋白质成分参与了胆结石的形成,以及它们与结石中其他成分的关系。本研究利用气相色谱法(GC-17A 色谱仪,日本岛津公司)对不同年龄的男性和女性胆结石中的氨基酸进行定性和定量测定,证明了这一方法的潜力。胆结石氨基酸成分的分析包括在 105°C 的 6 M HCl 溶液中对样品进行 12 小时的酸水解,然后对分离出的氨基酸进行纯化和衍生化,并用气相色谱法进行测定。这种方法可以鉴定 D 型和 L 型氨基酸。使用 STATISTICA 6.0 对获得的数据进行了统计分析。研究发现,50 岁以下女性胆固醇胆结石中的氨基酸含量最低。在胆固醇胆结石的氨基酸组成中,甘氨酸以及丝氨酸、丙氨酸和谷氨酸的 L 型占主导地位。含有矿物质成分的胆固醇胆结石常见于老年妇女(60 岁以上)和中年男子(37 岁以上),其氨基酸含量高于纯胆固醇胆结石。在这类结石中,主要是甘氨酸以及亮氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸的 L 型。色素结石中的氨基酸含量最高,55 岁以上的男性和女性都是如此。色素型结石的氨基酸组成以甘氨酸和谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、亮氨酸和丙氨酸的 L 型为主。胆固醇胆结石中未检测到 D-氨基酸。不过,在含有矿物质成分的胆固醇结石和色素胆结石中发现了 D-天门冬氨酸。这些发现表明,气相色谱法是研究胆结石氨基酸组成的一种合适方法。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)lactic Acid by an Amperometric Sensor with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers 用分子印迹聚合物安培传感器测定 3-(4-羟基苯基)乳酸
IF 1 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824701065
A. O. Korovkina, Vu Hoang Yen, N. V. Beloborodova, A. Yu. Vybornyi, A. N. Zyablov

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a disorder in the regulation of a body’s response to infection. If sepsis is not recognized at an early stage and treatment is not started, it can lead to septic shock, multiple organ failure, and death. Sepsis diagnostics, traditionally based on the clinical picture and the detection of etiologically significant microorganisms in the blood and foci, has been improved in recent years through the search for and the implementation of various biomarkers. One of promising sepsis biomarkers is 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid (4-HPLA). In this work, an amperometric sensor modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) of hydroxyphenyllactic acid is developed, and a fundamental possibility of determining 4-HPLA in model aqueous solutions using this sensor is demonstrated. Molecularly imprinted polymers are widely used in substance separation processes and in the fabrication of selective sensors. Among a variety of selective materials, polyimides are of particular interest. In this regard, MIP sensors with imprints of 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid were developed based on a copolymer of 1,2,4,5-benzenetracarboxylic acid with 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl oxide. The sensors are obtained in two stages (stage I at 80°C, stage II at 180°C) using the non-covalent imprinting method. The high selectivity of the MIP sensors with respect to the target molecules was established. The analytical range of the acid is 0.0002−0.2 mg/L. The experimentally established limit of detection for 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid is 4.5 × 10–5 mg/L.

败血症是一种危及生命的器官功能障碍,由人体对感染反应的调节失调引起。如果败血症没有在早期被发现,也没有开始治疗,就会导致脓毒性休克、多器官衰竭和死亡。脓毒症诊断传统上以临床表现和检测血液及病灶中的病原微生物为基础,近年来通过寻找和使用各种生物标记物得到了改善。3-(4-羟基苯基)乳酸(4-HPLA)是一种很有前途的败血症生物标志物。本研究开发了一种用羟苯基乳酸的分子印迹聚合物(MIP)改性的安培传感器,并展示了使用这种传感器测定模型水溶液中 4-HPLA 的基本可能性。分子印迹聚合物广泛应用于物质分离过程和选择性传感器的制造。在各种选择性材料中,聚酰亚胺尤其引人关注。在这方面,基于 1,2,4,5- 苯四羧酸与 4,4'- 二氨基二苯氧化物的共聚物,开发出了带有 4- 羟基苯乙酸印迹的 MIP 传感器。传感器采用非共价压印法分两个阶段获得(第一阶段在 80°C,第二阶段在 180°C)。MIP 传感器对目标分子具有很高的选择性。酸的分析范围为 0.0002-0.2 mg/L。实验确定的 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid 检测限为 4.5 × 10-5 mg/L。
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引用次数: 0
Generation of Glutathione Persulfide and Optimization of Its Mass-Spectrometric Determination 谷胱甘肽过硫化物的生成及其质谱测定方法的优化
IF 1 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1134/S106193482470103X
R. A. Ishkaeva, L. V. Lopukhov, I. S. Nizamov, T. I. Abdullin

Glutathione persulfide (GSSH) is an important cellular metabolite involved in redox regulation and a potential therapeutic agent. Due to its instability and the lack of commercial GSSH standards, the development of procedures for its generation in situ and quantitative determination in various test systems is a problem of considerable current interest. In this work, conditions for the generation of GSSH in a reaction of oxidized glutathione with sodium sulfide with the fluorescent monitoring of released hydrogen sulfide were optimized. To derivatize the generated GSSH and reduced glutathione (GSH) with the formation of both derivatives in similar amounts, the reaction was carried out in the presence of an excess of N-ethylmaleimide. A procedure for the determination of GSSH based on the level of GSH in a model reaction using HPLC–mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode was described. The contribution of the GSH impurity in a solution of oxidized glutathione to the determined amount of GSSH and the detection limit of GSSH in the reaction mixture were found. The results are of interest for the preparation and mass spectrometric analysis of biologically relevant persulfides using various derivatizing agents.

过硫化谷胱甘肽(GSSH)是一种参与氧化还原调节的重要细胞代谢物,也是一种潜在的治疗药物。由于过硫化谷胱甘肽的不稳定性和缺乏商业化的过硫化谷胱甘肽标准品,开发在各种测试系统中原位生成和定量测定过硫化谷胱甘肽的程序成为当前备受关注的问题。在这项工作中,优化了氧化谷胱甘肽与硫化钠反应生成 GSSH 的条件,并对释放的硫化氢进行了荧光监测。为了使生成的 GSSH 和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)衍生化,并形成数量相似的两种衍生物,反应是在过量的 N-乙基马来酰亚胺存在下进行的。在多反应监测模式下,使用高效液相色谱-质谱法根据模型反应中的 GSH 含量测定 GSSH。发现了氧化谷胱甘肽溶液中的 GSH 杂质对 GSSH 测定量的贡献以及反应混合物中 GSSH 的检测限。这些结果对使用各种衍生剂制备和质谱分析与生物相关的过硫化物具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
A Neuro Fuzzy Method for Hydrochemical Data Processing in River Flow Analysis 河流流量分析中的水化学数据处理神经模糊法
IF 1 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824701090
O. M. Rosenthal, V. Kh. Fedotov

The production, social, and ecological requirements for maintaining the quality of inland waters necessitated establishing a network of hydrochemical observation posts. The variability in the monitored indicators required implementing regular chemical and analytical studies. Conventional rigid statistical methods in analytical chemistry often fail to address the specifics of studying fuzzy experimental data, such as series of impurity concentration values in a river flow over space and time. In this context, alternative soft computing tools, particularly those based on neuro fuzzy hybrid algorithmic structures related to the ANFIS architecture, are more suitable. An analysis of chemicoanalytical data arrays for copper and zinc in the Volga River, considering water flow at various distances from the shore and depths, revealed a complex oscillatory behavior in the concentrations of both substances. This analysis concluded that the neuro-fuzzy processing scheme of the monitoring results enables a more in-depth study of the poorly understood processes of hydrochemical dynamics in systems far from thermodynamic equilibria, such as natural watercourses.

由于生产、社会和生态对保持内陆水域质量的要求,有必要建立一个水化学观测站网络。监测指标的变化要求定期开展化学和分析研究。分析化学中传统的刚性统计方法往往无法解决研究模糊实验数据的具体问题,例如河水中杂质浓度值在空间和时间上的序列。在这种情况下,替代性软计算工具,特别是那些基于与 ANFIS 架构相关的神经模糊混合算法结构的工具,更为合适。在对伏尔加河中铜和锌的化学分析数据阵列进行分析时,考虑到水流离岸的不同距离和深度,发现这两种物质的浓度存在复杂的振荡行为。分析得出的结论是,监测结果的神经模糊处理方案能够更深入地研究远离热力学平衡的系统(如天然河道)中鲜为人知的水化学动态过程。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of Potassium, Neodymium, and Strontium in Solid Solutions in the KNd(SO4)2·H2O–SrSO4·0.5H2O System Using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry 利用 X 射线荧光光谱法测定 KNd(SO4)2-H2O-SrSO4-0.5H2O 体系固溶体中的钾、钕和锶
IF 1 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824700977
N. N. Bushuev, D. S. Zinin, G. K. Tatosyan, N. V. Sviridenkova

The composition of solid solutions in the KNd(SO4)2·H2O–SrSO4·0.5H2O system, synthesized from aqueous solutions of KCl, NdCl3, SrCl2, and H2SO4, was studied by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Coefficients of calibration dependences for intensity vs. element concentrations were calculated for Nd, Sr, and K by the least-squares technique. A linear approximation function was used in determining potassium and a parabolic approximation function was recommended in determining neodymium and strontium. The obtained dependences are characterized by low (<1%) relative approximation errors. In the analytical ranges (wt %) for K 0.863−8.892, Sr 8.41−38.03, and Nd 5.296−29.30, the standard deviations were 0.012−0.028, 0.008−0.098, and 0.05−0.27 respectively.

X 射线荧光光谱法研究了 KNd(SO4)2-H2O-SrSO4-0.5H2O 体系固溶体的组成,该固溶体是由 KCl、NdCl3、SrCl2 和 H2SO4 的水溶液合成的。通过最小二乘法技术计算了 Nd、Sr 和 K 的强度与元素浓度的校准相关系数。在测定钾时使用了线性近似函数,在测定钕和锶时建议使用抛物线近似函数。所获得的依赖关系具有相对近似误差小(1%)的特点。在钾 0.863-8.892、锶 8.41-38.03 和钕 5.296-29.30 的分析范围(重量百分比)内,标准偏差分别为 0.012-0.028、0.008-0.098 和 0.05-0.27。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Analytical Chemistry
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