Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824700928
L. G. Chekanova, I. M. Rubtsov, V. N. Vaulina, A. V. Kharitonova
A procedure is developed for determining acetone acylhydrazones based on the formation of a colored complex with copper(II) ions of the composition Cu : reagent = 1 : 2 in ammonia solutions, its subsequent extraction with chloroform, and measurements of the absorbance of the extracts at 553 nm (ε = 128 L/(mol cm)); the analytical range is 80.0–590.0 mg/L; the relative error is <2.80%. Using acetone heptanoylhydrazone as an example, it was shown that the reagent in the complex compound is quantitatively extracted in the pH range 7−10 with a single extraction for 3 min; for its complete extraction, a twofold excess of copper(II) is sufficient. The spectra of the homologue complexes of the studied series of acetone acylhydrazones are similar. The high hydrolytic stability of the reagents in a narrow pH range of 9‒10 is established by the spectrophotometric method. The procedure is tested on solutions obtained in the study of the adsorption of reagents on chalcopyrite. The precision of the analysis results is verified by the addition method.
{"title":"Extraction–Photometric Determination of Acetone Acylhydrazones in Aqueous Solutions","authors":"L. G. Chekanova, I. M. Rubtsov, V. N. Vaulina, A. V. Kharitonova","doi":"10.1134/S1061934824700928","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061934824700928","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A procedure is developed for determining acetone acylhydrazones based on the formation of a colored complex with copper(II) ions of the composition Cu : reagent = 1 : 2 in ammonia solutions, its subsequent extraction with chloroform, and measurements of the absorbance of the extracts at 553 nm (ε = 128 L/(mol cm)); the analytical range is 80.0–590.0 mg/L; the relative error is <2.80%. Using acetone heptanoylhydrazone as an example, it was shown that the reagent in the complex compound is quantitatively extracted in the pH range 7−10 with a single extraction for 3 min; for its complete extraction, a twofold excess of copper(II) is sufficient. The spectra of the homologue complexes of the studied series of acetone acylhydrazones are similar. The high hydrolytic stability of the reagents in a narrow pH range of 9‒10 is established by the spectrophotometric method. The procedure is tested on solutions obtained in the study of the adsorption of reagents on chalcopyrite. The precision of the analysis results is verified by the addition method.</p>","PeriodicalId":606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"79 11","pages":"1524 - 1529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824700916
V. G. Amelin, O. E. Emel’yanov, Z. A. Ch. Shogah, A. V. Tret’yakov
A colorimetric device is proposed for identifying and detecting the adulteration of various types of starch and flour by diffuse reflection of UV and IR radiation from LEDs. The color characteristics of the samples (RGB channel values) were determined using cameras on OnePlus 10 Pro and iPhone 14 smartphones with installed applications PhotoMetrix PRO, ColorGrab, and RGBer. Near-infrared spectra (4000–10 000 cm–1) were recorded on a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer. Specialized software packages, including TQ Analyst 9, The Unscrambler X, and XLSTAT, processed the dataset of colorimetric and spectral characteristics. The identification features included clustering patterns for different types of starch and flour in principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Optimal wavelengths for determining the quality of adulteration of the tested samples were identified: for starch, the simultaneous use of all LEDs (365, 390, 850, and 880 nm); for flour, LEDs with wavelengths of 365 and 390 nm. The qualitative adulteration was assessed using graphs of the dependence of the F1 component on the mass fraction of the added foreign substance in the starch or flour. The effectiveness of the colorimetric method was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the near-infrared region.
通过 LED 对紫外线和红外线辐射的漫反射,提出了一种用于识别和检测各类淀粉和面粉掺假的比色装置。使用安装了 PhotoMetrix PRO、ColorGrab 和 RGBer 应用程序的 OnePlus 10 Pro 和 iPhone 14 智能手机上的摄像头测定了样品的颜色特征(RGB 通道值)。近红外光谱(4000-10 000 cm-1)由傅立叶变换红外光谱仪记录。包括 TQ Analyst 9、The Unscrambler X 和 XLSTAT 在内的专业软件包处理了色度和光谱特征数据集。识别特征包括主成分分析和分层聚类分析中不同类型淀粉和面粉的聚类模式。确定了检测样品掺假质量的最佳波长:对于淀粉,同时使用所有 LED(365、390、850 和 880 nm);对于面粉,使用波长为 365 和 390 nm 的 LED。通过 F1 成分与淀粉或面粉中添加的外来物质的质量分数的关系图,对定性掺假进行了评估。傅立叶变换红外光谱法在近红外区域证实了比色法的有效性。
{"title":"Detection and Identification of Starch and Flour Adulteration by Digital Colorimetry and Fourier-Transform Near-IR Spectroscopy","authors":"V. G. Amelin, O. E. Emel’yanov, Z. A. Ch. Shogah, A. V. Tret’yakov","doi":"10.1134/S1061934824700916","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061934824700916","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A colorimetric device is proposed for identifying and detecting the adulteration of various types of starch and flour by diffuse reflection of UV and IR radiation from LEDs. The color characteristics of the samples (RGB channel values) were determined using cameras on OnePlus 10 Pro and iPhone 14 smartphones with installed applications PhotoMetrix PRO, ColorGrab, and RGBer. Near-infrared spectra (4000–10 000 cm<sup>–1</sup>) were recorded on a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer. Specialized software packages, including TQ Analyst 9, The Unscrambler X, and XLSTAT, processed the dataset of colorimetric and spectral characteristics. The identification features included clustering patterns for different types of starch and flour in principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Optimal wavelengths for determining the quality of adulteration of the tested samples were identified: for starch, the simultaneous use of all LEDs (365, 390, 850, and 880 nm); for flour, LEDs with wavelengths of 365 and 390 nm. The qualitative adulteration was assessed using graphs of the dependence of the F1 component on the mass fraction of the added foreign substance in the starch or flour. The effectiveness of the colorimetric method was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the near-infrared region.</p>","PeriodicalId":606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"79 11","pages":"1515 - 1523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824701041
A. A. Nikonova, E. F. Rokhina, O. Yu. Glyzina, S. D. Dylgerova, A. N. Chindyavskaya, A. V. Rokhin, A. G. Proidakov
Sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates (ABS), or linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), are among the most common synthetic anionic surfactants and water pollutants, capable of causing both acute and chronic toxic effects on aquatic organisms. The selective determination of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates as a distinct class of anionic surfactants in complex natural matrices is feasible by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC–MS) in the form of linear alkylbenzenesulfonic acid methyl esters (LABSA ME). The behavior of LAS and LABSA ME was studied under ascending high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) using Kieselgel 60 F254 and Sorbfil plates to purify extracts and preconcentrate analytes. A mixture of n-hexane with methanol (23 : 1, v/v) is proposed as a mobile phase. Under these conditions, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates remain at the start line, while their derivatives (LABSA ME), obtained by methylation with trimethyl orthoformate in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (yield η = 98%), form zones characterized by retention factors Rf of 0.62–0.71 on Kieselgel 60 F254 and Sorbfil plates, respectively. The repeatability of Rf values is characterized by a relative standard deviation of 6.1 and 5.9%, respectively (n = 16). The completeness of the extraction (95.0–100.0%) of analytes from the plates is noted using descending HPTLC with acetonitrile. The applicability of the HPTLC method for preconcentrating analytes and purifying extracts is demonstrated using real water samples. Using GC–MS with electron impact ionization, concentrations of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates were found in water sampled from the southern basin of Lake Baikal at a depth of 400 m (0.24 ± 0.02 µg/L) and in water obtained from melting snow collected from the ice of the Krestovka River at its mouth near the settlement of Listvyanka (31.1 ± 1.0 µg/L).
{"title":"Thin-Layer Chromatography of Methylated Derivatives of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates in Water Analysis by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry","authors":"A. A. Nikonova, E. F. Rokhina, O. Yu. Glyzina, S. D. Dylgerova, A. N. Chindyavskaya, A. V. Rokhin, A. G. Proidakov","doi":"10.1134/S1061934824701041","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061934824701041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates (ABS), or linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), are among the most common synthetic anionic surfactants and water pollutants, capable of causing both acute and chronic toxic effects on aquatic organisms. The selective determination of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates as a distinct class of anionic surfactants in complex natural matrices is feasible by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC–MS) in the form of linear alkylbenzenesulfonic acid methyl esters (LABSA ME). The behavior of LAS and LABSA ME was studied under ascending high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) using Kieselgel 60 F<sub>254</sub> and Sorbfil plates to purify extracts and preconcentrate analytes. A mixture of <i>n</i>-hexane with methanol (23 : 1, v/v) is proposed as a mobile phase. Under these conditions, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates remain at the start line, while their derivatives (LABSA ME), obtained by methylation with trimethyl orthoformate in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (yield η = 98%), form zones characterized by retention factors <i>R</i><sub>f</sub> of 0.62–0.71 on Kieselgel 60 F<sub>254</sub> and Sorbfil plates, respectively. The repeatability of <i>R</i><sub>f</sub> values is characterized by a relative standard deviation of 6.1 and 5.9%, respectively (<i>n</i> = 16). The completeness of the extraction (95.0–100.0%) of analytes from the plates is noted using descending HPTLC with acetonitrile. The applicability of the HPTLC method for preconcentrating analytes and purifying extracts is demonstrated using real water samples. Using GC–MS with electron impact ionization, concentrations of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates were found in water sampled from the southern basin of Lake Baikal at a depth of 400 m (0.24 ± 0.02 µg/L) and in water obtained from melting snow collected from the ice of the Krestovka River at its mouth near the settlement of Listvyanka (31.1 ± 1.0 µg/L).</p>","PeriodicalId":606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"79 11","pages":"1616 - 1623"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1134/S106193482470093X
V. S. Orekhov, E. V. Skorobogatov, M. K. Beklemishev
The work focuses on the development of a fluorimetric version of the fingerprint method based on conducting indicator reactions in the presence of a test sample. Observation of these reactions over time provides a more detailed information compared to batch methods, thereby improving sample recognition and enabling quantitative analysis. The proposed indicator reaction utilizes a commercial carbocyanine dye and 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, whose interaction results in a decrease in fluorescence intensity and changes in absorbance over time. Three fluoroquinolones—moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin—selectively change the signal in concentrations of 1 μM or higher, while other drugs, including different fluoroquinolones, do not interfere with the determination. Ofloxacin was detected in human urine samples at various times post-drug intake. A potential of using the same indicator reaction for sample recognition was demonstrated on examples of apple juices, soil extracts, and meat of varying freshness. Chemometric methods, including linear discriminant analysis, were used for data processing. The method achieved 97% accuracy in discriminating fifteen apple juice samples, 94% accuracy for ten apple juices from 2022 and 2023, 99% accuracy for ten soil samples, and successfully determined the freshness of five meat samples.
{"title":"Recognition of Samples of Similar Composition and Determination of Fluoroquinolones Using the Reaction of Carbocyanine Cy7-Hydrazine with 4-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde","authors":"V. S. Orekhov, E. V. Skorobogatov, M. K. Beklemishev","doi":"10.1134/S106193482470093X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106193482470093X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The work focuses on the development of a fluorimetric version of the fingerprint method based on conducting indicator reactions in the presence of a test sample. Observation of these reactions over time provides a more detailed information compared to batch methods, thereby improving sample recognition and enabling quantitative analysis. The proposed indicator reaction utilizes a commercial carbocyanine dye and 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, whose interaction results in a decrease in fluorescence intensity and changes in absorbance over time. Three fluoroquinolones—moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin—selectively change the signal in concentrations of 1 μM or higher, while other drugs, including different fluoroquinolones, do not interfere with the determination. Ofloxacin was detected in human urine samples at various times post-drug intake. A potential of using the same indicator reaction for sample recognition was demonstrated on examples of apple juices, soil extracts, and meat of varying freshness. Chemometric methods, including linear discriminant analysis, were used for data processing. The method achieved 97% accuracy in discriminating fifteen apple juice samples, 94% accuracy for ten apple juices from 2022 and 2023, 99% accuracy for ten soil samples, and successfully determined the freshness of five meat samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"79 11","pages":"1530 - 1540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824701077
H. Wan, X. Xie, H. Liu, S. Mahmud, H. Liu
In this study, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of bisphenol A (BPA) was developed by modifying a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) composites. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrode interface were meticulously investigated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, employing 1.0 mM [Fe(CN)6]3–/[Fe(CN)6]4– as a redox probe. The findings demonstrate that the AgNPs/GO/SPCE composite exhibits superior electrical conductivity and facilitates rapid electron transfer compared to both GO/SPCE and SPCE alone. The electrochemical behavior of BPA on the AgNPs/GO/SPCE electrode was comprehensively studied using CV, revealing exceptional electrocatalytic properties for BPA oxidation. To assess the analytical performance, differential pulse voltammetry was employed. Results unequivocally show a significant improvement in the electrochemical responses when using AgNPs/GO/SPCE. Calibration curves exhibited linear ranges of 0.25–2.19 μM with a remarkable limit of detection of 0.046 μM for BPA. Furthermore, the established method was applied for the determination of BPA in plastic products, achieving satisfactory reproducibility and recovery. This novel AgNPs/GO/SPCE-based sensor holds promise for the sensitive and reliable detection of BPA in various environmental and industrial applications.
本研究通过用银纳米颗粒(AgNPs)和氧化石墨烯(GO)复合材料修饰丝网印刷碳电极(SPCE),开发了一种用于检测双酚 A(BPA)的高灵敏度电化学传感器。采用 1.0 mM [Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4- 作为氧化还原探针,通过循环伏安法 (CV) 和电化学阻抗谱仔细研究了改性电极界面的电化学特性。研究结果表明,与单独的 GO/SPCE 和 SPCE 相比,AgNPs/GO/SPCE 复合材料具有更优越的导电性,并能促进电子的快速转移。利用 CV 对 AgNPs/GO/SPCE 电极上双酚 A 的电化学行为进行了全面研究,结果表明该电极对双酚 A 氧化具有优异的电催化性能。为了评估分析性能,采用了差分脉冲伏安法。结果明确显示,使用 AgNPs/GO/SPCE 时,电化学反应明显改善。校准曲线的线性范围为 0.25-2.19 μM,双酚 A 的检出限为 0.046 μM。此外,该方法还被应用于塑料制品中双酚 A 的测定,并取得了令人满意的重现性和回收率。这种基于 AgNPs/GO/SPCE 的新型传感器有望在各种环境和工业应用中灵敏可靠地检测双酚 A。
{"title":"Nanosilver and Graphene Oxide Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Electrochemical Detection of Bisphenol A","authors":"H. Wan, X. Xie, H. Liu, S. Mahmud, H. Liu","doi":"10.1134/S1061934824701077","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061934824701077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of bisphenol A (BPA) was developed by modifying a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) composites. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrode interface were meticulously investigated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, employing 1.0 mM [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3–</sup>/[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4–</sup> as a redox probe. The findings demonstrate that the AgNPs/GO/SPCE composite exhibits superior electrical conductivity and facilitates rapid electron transfer compared to both GO/SPCE and SPCE alone. The electrochemical behavior of BPA on the AgNPs/GO/SPCE electrode was comprehensively studied using CV, revealing exceptional electrocatalytic properties for BPA oxidation. To assess the analytical performance, differential pulse voltammetry was employed. Results unequivocally show a significant improvement in the electrochemical responses when using AgNPs/GO/SPCE. Calibration curves exhibited linear ranges of 0.25–2.19 μM with a remarkable limit of detection of 0.046 μM for BPA. Furthermore, the established method was applied for the determination of BPA in plastic products, achieving satisfactory reproducibility and recovery. This novel AgNPs/GO/SPCE-based sensor holds promise for the sensitive and reliable detection of BPA in various environmental and industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"79 11","pages":"1640 - 1648"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824701016
E. V. Mashina, S. N. Shanina, O. Ye. Amosova
Cholelithiasis (gallstone disease) is a multifactorial condition characterized by the formation of gallstones. Investigation of the composition of gallstones is essential for understanding the mechanisms of their formation and addressing various practical issues. Currently, it remains unclear which protein components are involved in gallstone formation and how they are related to other components of the stones. This study demonstrates a potential for the qualitative and quantitative determination of amino acids in gallstones of men and women of different ages using gas chromatography (GC-17A chromatograph, Shimadzu, Japan). The analysis of the amino acid composition of gallstones involves the acid hydrolysis of the samples in 6 M HCl at 105°C for 12 h, followed by purification, derivatization of the isolated amino acids, and their determination by gas chromatography. This method allows for the identification of both D- and L-forms of amino acids. A statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the STATISTICA 6.0. The study found that cholesterol gallstones in women under the age 50 have the lowest amino acid content. In the amino acid composition of cholesterol gallstones, glycine, along with the L-forms of serine, alanine, and glutamic acid, predominates. Cholesterol gallstones with a mineral component are typical in elderly women (over 60 years old) and middle-aged men (from 37 years old) and exhibit higher amino acid contents than pure cholesterol gallstones. In this type of stones, glycine and the L-forms of leucine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid predominate. The highest amino acid content was found in pigment stones, both in men and women over the age 55. The amino acid composition of pigment-type stones is dominated by glycine and the L-forms of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, and alanine. D-amino acids were not detected in cholesterol gallstones. However, D-aspartic acid was found in cholesterol stones with a mineral component and in pigment gallstones. These findings suggest that gas chromatography is a suitable method for studying the amino acid composition of gallstones.
胆石症(胆石病)是一种以胆结石形成为特征的多因素疾病。研究胆结石的成分对于了解其形成机制和解决各种实际问题至关重要。目前,尚不清楚哪些蛋白质成分参与了胆结石的形成,以及它们与结石中其他成分的关系。本研究利用气相色谱法(GC-17A 色谱仪,日本岛津公司)对不同年龄的男性和女性胆结石中的氨基酸进行定性和定量测定,证明了这一方法的潜力。胆结石氨基酸成分的分析包括在 105°C 的 6 M HCl 溶液中对样品进行 12 小时的酸水解,然后对分离出的氨基酸进行纯化和衍生化,并用气相色谱法进行测定。这种方法可以鉴定 D 型和 L 型氨基酸。使用 STATISTICA 6.0 对获得的数据进行了统计分析。研究发现,50 岁以下女性胆固醇胆结石中的氨基酸含量最低。在胆固醇胆结石的氨基酸组成中,甘氨酸以及丝氨酸、丙氨酸和谷氨酸的 L 型占主导地位。含有矿物质成分的胆固醇胆结石常见于老年妇女(60 岁以上)和中年男子(37 岁以上),其氨基酸含量高于纯胆固醇胆结石。在这类结石中,主要是甘氨酸以及亮氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸的 L 型。色素结石中的氨基酸含量最高,55 岁以上的男性和女性都是如此。色素型结石的氨基酸组成以甘氨酸和谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、亮氨酸和丙氨酸的 L 型为主。胆固醇胆结石中未检测到 D-氨基酸。不过,在含有矿物质成分的胆固醇结石和色素胆结石中发现了 D-天门冬氨酸。这些发现表明,气相色谱法是研究胆结石氨基酸组成的一种合适方法。
{"title":"Chromatographic Analysis of the Amino Acid Composition of Gallstones","authors":"E. V. Mashina, S. N. Shanina, O. Ye. Amosova","doi":"10.1134/S1061934824701016","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061934824701016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cholelithiasis (gallstone disease) is a multifactorial condition characterized by the formation of gallstones. Investigation of the composition of gallstones is essential for understanding the mechanisms of their formation and addressing various practical issues. Currently, it remains unclear which protein components are involved in gallstone formation and how they are related to other components of the stones. This study demonstrates a potential for the qualitative and quantitative determination of amino acids in gallstones of men and women of different ages using gas chromatography (GC-17A chromatograph, Shimadzu, Japan). The analysis of the amino acid composition of gallstones involves the acid hydrolysis of the samples in 6 M HCl at 105°C for 12 h, followed by purification, derivatization of the isolated amino acids, and their determination by gas chromatography. This method allows for the identification of both D- and L-forms of amino acids. A statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the STATISTICA 6.0. The study found that cholesterol gallstones in women under the age 50 have the lowest amino acid content. In the amino acid composition of cholesterol gallstones, glycine, along with the L-forms of serine, alanine, and glutamic acid, predominates. Cholesterol gallstones with a mineral component are typical in elderly women (over 60 years old) and middle-aged men (from 37 years old) and exhibit higher amino acid contents than pure cholesterol gallstones. In this type of stones, glycine and the L-forms of leucine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid predominate. The highest amino acid content was found in pigment stones, both in men and women over the age 55. The amino acid composition of pigment-type stones is dominated by glycine and the L-forms of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, and alanine. D-amino acids were not detected in cholesterol gallstones. However, D-aspartic acid was found in cholesterol stones with a mineral component and in pigment gallstones. These findings suggest that gas chromatography is a suitable method for studying the amino acid composition of gallstones.</p>","PeriodicalId":606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"79 11","pages":"1596 - 1602"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824701065
A. O. Korovkina, Vu Hoang Yen, N. V. Beloborodova, A. Yu. Vybornyi, A. N. Zyablov
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a disorder in the regulation of a body’s response to infection. If sepsis is not recognized at an early stage and treatment is not started, it can lead to septic shock, multiple organ failure, and death. Sepsis diagnostics, traditionally based on the clinical picture and the detection of etiologically significant microorganisms in the blood and foci, has been improved in recent years through the search for and the implementation of various biomarkers. One of promising sepsis biomarkers is 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid (4-HPLA). In this work, an amperometric sensor modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) of hydroxyphenyllactic acid is developed, and a fundamental possibility of determining 4-HPLA in model aqueous solutions using this sensor is demonstrated. Molecularly imprinted polymers are widely used in substance separation processes and in the fabrication of selective sensors. Among a variety of selective materials, polyimides are of particular interest. In this regard, MIP sensors with imprints of 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid were developed based on a copolymer of 1,2,4,5-benzenetracarboxylic acid with 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl oxide. The sensors are obtained in two stages (stage I at 80°C, stage II at 180°C) using the non-covalent imprinting method. The high selectivity of the MIP sensors with respect to the target molecules was established. The analytical range of the acid is 0.0002−0.2 mg/L. The experimentally established limit of detection for 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid is 4.5 × 10–5 mg/L.
{"title":"Determination of 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)lactic Acid by an Amperometric Sensor with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers","authors":"A. O. Korovkina, Vu Hoang Yen, N. V. Beloborodova, A. Yu. Vybornyi, A. N. Zyablov","doi":"10.1134/S1061934824701065","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061934824701065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a disorder in the regulation of a body’s response to infection. If sepsis is not recognized at an early stage and treatment is not started, it can lead to septic shock, multiple organ failure, and death. Sepsis diagnostics, traditionally based on the clinical picture and the detection of etiologically significant microorganisms in the blood and foci, has been improved in recent years through the search for and the implementation of various biomarkers. One of promising sepsis biomarkers is 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid (4-HPLA). In this work, an amperometric sensor modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) of hydroxyphenyllactic acid is developed, and a fundamental possibility of determining 4-HPLA in model aqueous solutions using this sensor is demonstrated. Molecularly imprinted polymers are widely used in substance separation processes and in the fabrication of selective sensors. Among a variety of selective materials, polyimides are of particular interest. In this regard, MIP sensors with imprints of 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid were developed based on a copolymer of 1,2,4,5-benzenetracarboxylic acid with 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl oxide. The sensors are obtained in two stages (stage I at 80°C, stage II at 180°C) using the non-covalent imprinting method. The high selectivity of the MIP sensors with respect to the target molecules was established. The analytical range of the acid is 0.0002−0.2 mg/L. The experimentally established limit of detection for 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid is 4.5 × 10<sup>–5</sup> mg/L.</p>","PeriodicalId":606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"79 11","pages":"1635 - 1639"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1134/S106193482470103X
R. A. Ishkaeva, L. V. Lopukhov, I. S. Nizamov, T. I. Abdullin
Glutathione persulfide (GSSH) is an important cellular metabolite involved in redox regulation and a potential therapeutic agent. Due to its instability and the lack of commercial GSSH standards, the development of procedures for its generation in situ and quantitative determination in various test systems is a problem of considerable current interest. In this work, conditions for the generation of GSSH in a reaction of oxidized glutathione with sodium sulfide with the fluorescent monitoring of released hydrogen sulfide were optimized. To derivatize the generated GSSH and reduced glutathione (GSH) with the formation of both derivatives in similar amounts, the reaction was carried out in the presence of an excess of N-ethylmaleimide. A procedure for the determination of GSSH based on the level of GSH in a model reaction using HPLC–mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode was described. The contribution of the GSH impurity in a solution of oxidized glutathione to the determined amount of GSSH and the detection limit of GSSH in the reaction mixture were found. The results are of interest for the preparation and mass spectrometric analysis of biologically relevant persulfides using various derivatizing agents.
{"title":"Generation of Glutathione Persulfide and Optimization of Its Mass-Spectrometric Determination","authors":"R. A. Ishkaeva, L. V. Lopukhov, I. S. Nizamov, T. I. Abdullin","doi":"10.1134/S106193482470103X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106193482470103X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glutathione persulfide (GSSH) is an important cellular metabolite involved in redox regulation and a potential therapeutic agent. Due to its instability and the lack of commercial GSSH standards, the development of procedures for its generation in situ and quantitative determination in various test systems is a problem of considerable current interest. In this work, conditions for the generation of GSSH in a reaction of oxidized glutathione with sodium sulfide with the fluorescent monitoring of released hydrogen sulfide were optimized. To derivatize the generated GSSH and reduced glutathione (GSH) with the formation of both derivatives in similar amounts, the reaction was carried out in the presence of an excess of <i>N</i>-ethylmaleimide. A procedure for the determination of GSSH based on the level of GSH in a model reaction using HPLC–mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode was described. The contribution of the GSH impurity in a solution of oxidized glutathione to the determined amount of GSSH and the detection limit of GSSH in the reaction mixture were found. The results are of interest for the preparation and mass spectrometric analysis of biologically relevant persulfides using various derivatizing agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"79 11","pages":"1608 - 1615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824701090
O. M. Rosenthal, V. Kh. Fedotov
The production, social, and ecological requirements for maintaining the quality of inland waters necessitated establishing a network of hydrochemical observation posts. The variability in the monitored indicators required implementing regular chemical and analytical studies. Conventional rigid statistical methods in analytical chemistry often fail to address the specifics of studying fuzzy experimental data, such as series of impurity concentration values in a river flow over space and time. In this context, alternative soft computing tools, particularly those based on neuro fuzzy hybrid algorithmic structures related to the ANFIS architecture, are more suitable. An analysis of chemicoanalytical data arrays for copper and zinc in the Volga River, considering water flow at various distances from the shore and depths, revealed a complex oscillatory behavior in the concentrations of both substances. This analysis concluded that the neuro-fuzzy processing scheme of the monitoring results enables a more in-depth study of the poorly understood processes of hydrochemical dynamics in systems far from thermodynamic equilibria, such as natural watercourses.
{"title":"A Neuro Fuzzy Method for Hydrochemical Data Processing in River Flow Analysis","authors":"O. M. Rosenthal, V. Kh. Fedotov","doi":"10.1134/S1061934824701090","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061934824701090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The production, social, and ecological requirements for maintaining the quality of inland waters necessitated establishing a network of hydrochemical observation posts. The variability in the monitored indicators required implementing regular chemical and analytical studies. Conventional rigid statistical methods in analytical chemistry often fail to address the specifics of studying fuzzy experimental data, such as series of impurity concentration values in a river flow over space and time. In this context, alternative soft computing tools, particularly those based on neuro fuzzy hybrid algorithmic structures related to the ANFIS architecture, are more suitable. An analysis of chemicoanalytical data arrays for copper and zinc in the Volga River, considering water flow at various distances from the shore and depths, revealed a complex oscillatory behavior in the concentrations of both substances. This analysis concluded that the neuro-fuzzy processing scheme of the monitoring results enables a more in-depth study of the poorly understood processes of hydrochemical dynamics in systems far from thermodynamic equilibria, such as natural watercourses.</p>","PeriodicalId":606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"79 11","pages":"1658 - 1666"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1134/S1061934824700977
N. N. Bushuev, D. S. Zinin, G. K. Tatosyan, N. V. Sviridenkova
The composition of solid solutions in the KNd(SO4)2·H2O–SrSO4·0.5H2O system, synthesized from aqueous solutions of KCl, NdCl3, SrCl2, and H2SO4, was studied by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Coefficients of calibration dependences for intensity vs. element concentrations were calculated for Nd, Sr, and K by the least-squares technique. A linear approximation function was used in determining potassium and a parabolic approximation function was recommended in determining neodymium and strontium. The obtained dependences are characterized by low (<1%) relative approximation errors. In the analytical ranges (wt %) for K 0.863−8.892, Sr 8.41−38.03, and Nd 5.296−29.30, the standard deviations were 0.012−0.028, 0.008−0.098, and 0.05−0.27 respectively.
X 射线荧光光谱法研究了 KNd(SO4)2-H2O-SrSO4-0.5H2O 体系固溶体的组成,该固溶体是由 KCl、NdCl3、SrCl2 和 H2SO4 的水溶液合成的。通过最小二乘法技术计算了 Nd、Sr 和 K 的强度与元素浓度的校准相关系数。在测定钾时使用了线性近似函数,在测定钕和锶时建议使用抛物线近似函数。所获得的依赖关系具有相对近似误差小(1%)的特点。在钾 0.863-8.892、锶 8.41-38.03 和钕 5.296-29.30 的分析范围(重量百分比)内,标准偏差分别为 0.012-0.028、0.008-0.098 和 0.05-0.27。
{"title":"Determination of Potassium, Neodymium, and Strontium in Solid Solutions in the KNd(SO4)2·H2O–SrSO4·0.5H2O System Using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry","authors":"N. N. Bushuev, D. S. Zinin, G. K. Tatosyan, N. V. Sviridenkova","doi":"10.1134/S1061934824700977","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061934824700977","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The composition of solid solutions in the KNd(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O–SrSO<sub>4</sub>·0.5H<sub>2</sub>O system, synthesized from aqueous solutions of KCl, NdCl<sub>3</sub>, SrCl<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, was studied by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Coefficients of calibration dependences for intensity vs. element concentrations were calculated for Nd, Sr, and K by the least-squares technique. A linear approximation function was used in determining potassium and a parabolic approximation function was recommended in determining neodymium and strontium. The obtained dependences are characterized by low (<1%) relative approximation errors. In the analytical ranges (wt %) for K 0.863−8.892, Sr 8.41−38.03, and Nd 5.296−29.30, the standard deviations were 0.012−0.028, 0.008−0.098, and 0.05−0.27 respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"79 11","pages":"1565 - 1573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}