Pub Date : 2021-04-08DOI: 10.1007/s10874-021-09420-1
Abdul Shukkur M, Gopikrishna V.G, Vishnu N.G, Mahesh Mohan
Pre and Post-Monsoon levels of ambient SO2, NO2, PM2.5 and the trace metals Fe, Cu, etc. were measured at industrial and residential regions of the Kochi urban area in South India for a period of two years. The mean PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 concentrations across all sites were 38.98 ± 1.38 µg/m3, 2.78 ± 0.85 µg/m3 and 11.90 ± 4.68 µg/m3 respectively, which is lower than many other Indian cities. There was little difference in any on the measured species between the seasons. A few sites exceeded the NAAQS (define acronym and state standard) and most of the sites exceeded WHO (define acronym and state standard) standard for PM2.5. The average trace metal concentrations (ng/m3) were found to be Fe (32.58) > Zn (31.93) > Ni (10.13) > Cr (5.48) > Pb (5.37) > Cu (3.24). The maximum concentration of trace metals except Pb were reported in industrial areas. The enrichment factor, of metals relative to crustal material, indicated anthropogenic dominance over natural sources for the trace metal concentration in Kochi’s atmosphere. This work demonstrates the importance of air quality monitoring in this area.
{"title":"Trace gases and PM2.5-bound metal abundance over a tropical urban environment, South India","authors":"Abdul Shukkur M, Gopikrishna V.G, Vishnu N.G, Mahesh Mohan","doi":"10.1007/s10874-021-09420-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10874-021-09420-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pre and Post-Monsoon levels of ambient SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> and the trace metals Fe, Cu, etc. were measured at industrial and residential regions of the Kochi urban area in South India for a period of two years. The mean PM<sub>2.5</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations across all sites were 38.98 ± 1.38 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, 2.78 ± 0.85 µg/m<sup>3</sup> and 11.90 ± 4.68 µg/m<sup>3</sup> respectively, which is lower than many other Indian cities. There was little difference in any on the measured species between the seasons. A few sites exceeded the NAAQS (define acronym and state standard) and most of the sites exceeded WHO (define acronym and state standard) standard for PM<sub>2.5</sub>. The average trace metal concentrations (ng/m<sup>3</sup>) were found to be Fe (32.58) > Zn (31.93) > Ni (10.13) > Cr (5.48) > Pb (5.37) > Cu (3.24). The maximum concentration of trace metals except Pb were reported in industrial areas. The enrichment factor, of metals relative to crustal material, indicated anthropogenic dominance over natural sources for the trace metal concentration in Kochi’s atmosphere. This work demonstrates the importance of air quality monitoring in this area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-021-09420-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4328050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-05DOI: 10.1007/s10874-021-09418-9
Balram Ambade, Tapan Kumar Sankar
Black carbon (BC) along with PM2.5 (fine particular matters) plays an important role in the assessment health effect of human beings. Winter season campaign measurements carried out for BC concentrations by using 7 different wavelengths such as 370, 470, 520, 590, 660, 880, and 950 nm, handy aethalometer (AE-33, Magee Scientific, USA), at two different locations i.e., National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur (NIT J) and Sakchi, Jamshedpur (SAK J), in eastern India. During the study period, the mass concentration of BC varies from 4.19 µgm−3 to 15.36 µgm−3, with an average mean of 8.88 ± 2.40 µgm−3 in NIT J and SAK J, the mass concentration of BC varies from 6.3 µgm−3 to 13.48 µgm−3, with an average mean of 10.29 ± 1.58 µgm−3. However, the concentration of PM2.5 varies from 102.98 µgm−3to 198.21 µgm−3, with an average mean of 155.82 ± 29.98 µgm−3 in NIT J and SAK J, the concentration of PM2.5 varies from 110.83 µgm−3 to 207.65 µgm−3, with an average mean of 169.14 ± 22.40 µgm−3. It was reported that SAK J has a higher BC concentration compared to NIT J. This was due to heavy traffic load and dense population in SAK J. Backward Trajectories were seen that the airborne particulate matter came from differerajeshnt directions. According to the diagnostic ratio analysis of BC, it was observed that most of the BC mass concentrations come from fossil-fuel (69.70%) followed by wood-burning (30.30%) in a particular place. The overall health risk assessment of BC concentration observed during the study period was 26.70, 13.95, 24.95 and 51.32 at NIT J as well as 32.07, 16.72, 29.95 and 61.87 at SAK J, the passive cigarettes comparable concerning the risk of CVM, LC, LBW, and PLEDSC, respectively.
{"title":"Source apportionment and health risks assessment of black carbon Aerosols in an urban atmosphere in East India","authors":"Balram Ambade, Tapan Kumar Sankar","doi":"10.1007/s10874-021-09418-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10874-021-09418-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Black carbon (BC) along with PM<sub>2.5</sub> (fine particular matters) plays an important role in the assessment health effect of human beings. Winter season campaign measurements carried out for BC concentrations by using 7 different wavelengths such as 370, 470, 520, 590, 660, 880, and 950 nm, handy aethalometer (AE-33, Magee Scientific, USA), at two different locations i.e., National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur (NIT J) and Sakchi, Jamshedpur (SAK J), in eastern India. During the study period, the mass concentration of BC varies from 4.19 µgm<sup>−3</sup> to 15.36 µgm<sup>−3</sup>, with an average mean of 8.88 ± 2.40 µgm<sup>−3</sup> in NIT J and SAK J, the mass concentration of BC varies from 6.3 µgm<sup>−3</sup> to 13.48 µgm<sup>−3</sup>, with an average mean of 10.29 ± 1.58 µgm<sup>−3</sup>. However, the concentration of PM<sub>2.5</sub> varies from 102.98 µgm<sup>−3</sup>to 198.21 µgm<sup>−3</sup>, with an average mean of 155.82 ± 29.98 µgm<sup>−3</sup> in NIT J and SAK J, the concentration of PM<sub>2.5</sub> varies from 110.83 µgm<sup>−3</sup> to 207.65 µgm<sup>−3</sup>, with an average mean of 169.14 ± 22.40 µgm<sup>−3</sup>. It was reported that SAK J has a higher BC concentration compared to NIT J. This was due to heavy traffic load and dense population in SAK J. Backward Trajectories were seen that the airborne particulate matter came from differerajeshnt directions. According to the diagnostic ratio analysis of BC, it was observed that most of the BC mass concentrations come from fossil-fuel (69.70%) followed by wood-burning (30.30%) in a particular place. The overall health risk assessment of BC concentration observed during the study period was 26.70, 13.95, 24.95 and 51.32 at NIT J as well as 32.07, 16.72, 29.95 and 61.87 at SAK J, the passive cigarettes comparable concerning the risk of CVM, LC, LBW, and PLEDSC, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-021-09418-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4196458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.1007/s10874-021-09415-y
Nidhi Tripathi, L. K. Sahu, Kashyap Patel, Ashwini Kumar, Ravi Yadav
Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) play key roles in local and regional atmospheric chemistry as precursors for the production of ozone and secondary organic aerosols. Ambient air C2-C5 NMVOCs were measured at a tropical forest site in the central Western Ghats and urban site of Udaipur in India during the late monsoon period of 2016–17 and 2015, respectively. In the Western Ghats, air samples were collected from the protected Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary. Ethene, propene, and isoprene were the dominant biogenic compounds with mean concentrations of 4.8 ± 2, 1.6 ± 0.66 and 1.05 ± 0.43 ppb, respectively. The concentrations of anthropogenic compounds such as propane and pentane were significantly lower than those of light alkenes. The contributions of ethene and propene among different NMVOCs were ~ 44 and 14%, respectively. However, the contributions of isoprene were highly variable of 3–22%. The tight correlation (r2 = 0.90) between the mixing ratios of ethene and propene and their ratio indicates their common formation and emission mechanisms. The molar emission ratio of ethene/propene (2.9 ± 0.17 ppb ppb−1) was comparable to those measured at other biogenic sites of Asia while higher than those reported for mid-latitude sites. The concentrations of light alkenes and isoprene at the Western Ghats were 4–5 times higher than those measured in an urban environment in the same season. The higher ozone formation potentials and Propylene-Equivalent concentrations of alkenes and isoprene than those of other NMVOCs indicate important implications of biogenic emissions on ozone photochemistry in the forest regions of India.