Pub Date : 2020-09-21DOI: 10.4236/JSEA.2020.139013
R. Hurley, Graeme Young
There has been an explosion in the volume of data that is being accessed from the Internet. As a result, the risk of a Web server being inundated with requests is ever-present. One approach to reducing the performance degradation that potentially comes from Web server overloading is to employ Web caching where data content is replicated in multiple locations. In this paper, we investigate the use of evolutionary algorithms to dynamically alter partition size in Web caches. We use established modeling techniques to compare the performance of our evolutionary algorithm to that found in statically-partitioned systems. Our results indicate that utilizing an evolutionary algorithm to dynamically alter partition sizes can lead to performance improvements especially in environments where the relative size of large to small pages is high.
{"title":"Evaluation of an Evolutionary Algorithm to Dynamically Alter Partition Sizes in Web Caching Systems","authors":"R. Hurley, Graeme Young","doi":"10.4236/JSEA.2020.139013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSEA.2020.139013","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an explosion in the volume of data that is being accessed from the Internet. As a result, the risk of a Web server being inundated with requests is ever-present. One approach to reducing the performance degradation that potentially comes from Web server overloading is to employ Web caching where data content is replicated in multiple locations. In this paper, we investigate the use of evolutionary algorithms to dynamically alter partition size in Web caches. We use established modeling techniques to compare the performance of our evolutionary algorithm to that found in statically-partitioned systems. Our results indicate that utilizing an evolutionary algorithm to dynamically alter partition sizes can lead to performance improvements especially in environments where the relative size of large to small pages is high.","PeriodicalId":62222,"journal":{"name":"软件工程与应用(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42704161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-21DOI: 10.4236/JSEA.2020.139014
T. Saeed
The main objective of this research is to discuss the current legal and methodological issues in the field of software Re-Usability. Though there are enormous online forums discussing such issues via Q&A but this paper is an attempt to raise the awareness about the legal issues, which a software engineer may trap into. The paper discussed the current issues with software reusability within the legal and methodological context. This paper applied an extensive literature review to critically appraise the past studies to come to a collective conclusion. Prior to discussing the issues, the benefits of reuse were mentioned, including the saving of time and cost for users. But legally the reuse of software assets creates complexities for the user in relation to meeting all the licensing requirements and dealing with the liability in case of a breach. Methodologically, there are major barriers to reused software when it comes to technical competence and managerial issues such as a lack of resources. Even when reusing software to save time, and leverage off the specialization of other authors, the end-user must also have the technical expertise to search, adapt and merge these reusable assets into the larger software infrastructure. The review ultimately shows the high barriers still remain to software reuse which could mean that smaller developers and businesses will still be reluctant to fully utilize open-source components to the best advantage.
{"title":"Current Issues in Software Re-Usability: A Critical Review of the Methodological & Legal Issues","authors":"T. Saeed","doi":"10.4236/JSEA.2020.139014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSEA.2020.139014","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this research is to discuss the current legal and methodological issues in the field of software Re-Usability. Though there are enormous online forums discussing such issues via Q&A but this paper is an attempt to raise the awareness about the legal issues, which a software engineer may trap into. The paper discussed the current issues with software reusability within the legal and methodological context. This paper applied an extensive literature review to critically appraise the past studies to come to a collective conclusion. Prior to discussing the issues, the benefits of reuse were mentioned, including the saving of time and cost for users. But legally the reuse of software assets creates complexities for the user in relation to meeting all the licensing requirements and dealing with the liability in case of a breach. Methodologically, there are major barriers to reused software when it comes to technical competence and managerial issues such as a lack of resources. Even when reusing software to save time, and leverage off the specialization of other authors, the end-user must also have the technical expertise to search, adapt and merge these reusable assets into the larger software infrastructure. The review ultimately shows the high barriers still remain to software reuse which could mean that smaller developers and businesses will still be reluctant to fully utilize open-source components to the best advantage.","PeriodicalId":62222,"journal":{"name":"软件工程与应用(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47465185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2020.138011
Paul Kwabena Tano Marfo, E. Quansah
Electronic ticketing (E-ticketing), an innovative mode of issuing and delivering tickets, is becoming prevalent and is employed by many transport companies in Europe, America, Asia, and some parts of Africa to reduce the cost that goes with printing tickets. This study investigated E-ticketing adoption in the bus transport sector in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. The study applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the Structural Equation Modelling technique was used to analyse the factors affecting the intention to use the E-ticketing system. In that regard, the study was based on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norms, and demographic variables. Quantitative research approaches were used by distributing questionnaires to 392 passengers, employing the cluster and random sampling techniques. Findings from the study showed that perceived usefulness and subjective norm were the significant factors affecting passengers’ intention to adopt the E-ticketing system. Besides, perceived ease of use and subjective norms were significant in predicting passengers’ perceived usefulness of adopting E-ticketing system. The findings of this research will provide the government, industrial players, and the entire public a better understanding of the perceived factors that could enhance or serve as a barrier to passengers’ adoption of the E-ticketing system. This can also lead to the development of effective E-ticketing marketing strategies.
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Adoption of E-Ticketing System in the Bus Transport Sector in Ghana","authors":"Paul Kwabena Tano Marfo, E. Quansah","doi":"10.4236/jsea.2020.138011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2020.138011","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic ticketing (E-ticketing), an innovative mode of issuing and delivering tickets, is becoming prevalent and is employed by many transport companies in Europe, America, Asia, and some parts of Africa to reduce the cost that goes with printing tickets. This study investigated E-ticketing adoption in the bus transport sector in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. The study applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the Structural Equation Modelling technique was used to analyse the factors affecting the intention to use the E-ticketing system. In that regard, the study was based on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norms, and demographic variables. Quantitative research approaches were used by distributing questionnaires to 392 passengers, employing the cluster and random sampling techniques. Findings from the study showed that perceived usefulness and subjective norm were the significant factors affecting passengers’ intention to adopt the E-ticketing system. Besides, perceived ease of use and subjective norms were significant in predicting passengers’ perceived usefulness of adopting E-ticketing system. The findings of this research will provide the government, industrial players, and the entire public a better understanding of the perceived factors that could enhance or serve as a barrier to passengers’ adoption of the E-ticketing system. This can also lead to the development of effective E-ticketing marketing strategies.","PeriodicalId":62222,"journal":{"name":"软件工程与应用(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48164958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-17DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2020.137010
Omar H. Alhazmi, Mohammed Zubair Khan
Software Cost Estimation (SCE) is an essential requirement in producing software these days. Genuine accurate estimation requires cost-and-efforts factors in delivering software by utilizing algorithmic or Ensemble Learning Methods (ELMs). Effort is estimated in terms of individual months and length. Overestimation as well as underestimation of efforts can adversely affect software development. Hence, it is the responsibility of software development managers to estimate the cost using the best possible techniques. The predominant cost for any product is the expense of figuring effort. Subsequently, effort estimation is exceptionally pivotal and there is a constant need to improve its accuracy. Fortunately, several efforts estimation models are available; however, it is difficult to determine which model is more accurate on what dataset. Hence, we use ensemble learning bagging with base learner Linear regression, SMOReg, MLP, random forest, REPTree, and M5Rule. We also implemented the feature selection algorithm to examine the effect of feature selection algorithm BestFit and Genetic Algorithm. The dataset is based on 499 projects known as China. The results show that the Mean Magnitude Relative error of Bagging M5 rule with Genetic Algorithm as Feature Selection is 10%, which makes it better than other algorithms.
{"title":"Software Effort Prediction Using Ensemble Learning Methods","authors":"Omar H. Alhazmi, Mohammed Zubair Khan","doi":"10.4236/jsea.2020.137010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2020.137010","url":null,"abstract":"Software Cost Estimation (SCE) is an essential requirement in producing software these days. Genuine accurate estimation requires cost-and-efforts factors in delivering software by utilizing algorithmic or Ensemble Learning Methods (ELMs). Effort is estimated in terms of individual months and length. Overestimation as well as underestimation of efforts can adversely affect software development. Hence, it is the responsibility of software development managers to estimate the cost using the best possible techniques. The predominant cost for any product is the expense of figuring effort. Subsequently, effort estimation is exceptionally pivotal and there is a constant need to improve its accuracy. Fortunately, several efforts estimation models are available; however, it is difficult to determine which model is more accurate on what dataset. Hence, we use ensemble learning bagging with base learner Linear regression, SMOReg, MLP, random forest, REPTree, and M5Rule. We also implemented the feature selection algorithm to examine the effect of feature selection algorithm BestFit and Genetic Algorithm. The dataset is based on 499 projects known as China. The results show that the Mean Magnitude Relative error of Bagging M5 rule with Genetic Algorithm as Feature Selection is 10%, which makes it better than other algorithms.","PeriodicalId":62222,"journal":{"name":"软件工程与应用(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48722478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2020.136007
Y. Alshehri
Software programs are always prone to change for several reasons. In a software product line, the change is more often as many software units are carried from one release to another. Also, other new files are added to the reused files. In this work, we explore the possibility of building a model that can predict files with a high chance of experiencing the change from one release to another. Knowing the files that are likely to face a change is vital because it will help to improve the planning, managing resources, and reducing the cost. This also helps to improve the software process, which should lead to better software quality. Also, we explore how different learners perform in this context, and if the learning improves as the software evolved. Predicting change from a release to the next release was successful using logistic regression, J48, and random forest with accuracy and precision scored between 72% to 100%, recall scored between 74% to 100%, and F-score scored between 80% to 100%. We also found that there was no clear evidence regarding if the prediction performance will ever improve as the project evolved.
{"title":"Can We Predict the Change in Code in a Software Product Line Project?","authors":"Y. Alshehri","doi":"10.4236/jsea.2020.136007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2020.136007","url":null,"abstract":"Software programs are always prone to change for several reasons. In a software product line, the change is more often as many software units are carried from one release to another. Also, other new files are added to the reused files. In this work, we explore the possibility of building a model that can predict files with a high chance of experiencing the change from one release to another. Knowing the files that are likely to face a change is vital because it will help to improve the planning, managing resources, and reducing the cost. This also helps to improve the software process, which should lead to better software quality. Also, we explore how different learners perform in this context, and if the learning improves as the software evolved. Predicting change from a release to the next release was successful using logistic regression, J48, and random forest with accuracy and precision scored between 72% to 100%, recall scored between 74% to 100%, and F-score scored between 80% to 100%. We also found that there was no clear evidence regarding if the prediction performance will ever improve as the project evolved.","PeriodicalId":62222,"journal":{"name":"软件工程与应用(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43322440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2020.136009
X. Y. Djam, Y. H. Kimbi
The advent of technology has opened unprecedented opportunities in health care delivery system as the demand for intelligent and knowledge-based systems has increased as modern medical practices become more knowledge-intensive. As a result of this, there is greater need to investigate the pervasiveness of software faults in Safety critical medical systems for proper diagnosis. The sheer volume of code in these systems creates significant concerns about the quality of the software. The rate of untimely deaths nowadays is alarming partly due to the medical device used to carry out the diagnosis process. A safety-critical medical (SCM) system is a complex system in which the malfunctioning of software could result in death, injury of the patient or damage to the environment. The malfunctioning of the software could be as a result of the inadequacy in software testing due to test suit problem or oracle problem. Testing a SCM system poses great challenges to software testers. One of these challenges is the need to generate a limited number of test cases of a given regression test suite in a manner that does not compromise its defect detection ability. This paper presents a novel five-stage fault-based testing procedure for SCM, a model-based approach to generate test cases for differential diagnosis of Tuberculosis. We used Prime Path Coverage and Edge-Pair Coverage as coverage criteria to ensure maximum coverage to identify feasible paths. We analyzed the proposed testing procedure with the help of three metrics consisting of Fault Detection Density, Fault Detection Effectiveness and Mutation Adequacy Score. We evaluated the effectiveness of our testing procedure by running the suggested test cases on a sample historical data of tuberculosis patients. The experimental results show that our developed testing procedure has some advantages such as creating mutant graphs and Fuzzy Cognitive Map Engine while resolving the problem of eliminating infeasible test cases for effective decision making.
{"title":"A Fault-Based Testing Approach in Safety Critical Medical Systems","authors":"X. Y. Djam, Y. H. Kimbi","doi":"10.4236/jsea.2020.136009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2020.136009","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of technology has opened unprecedented opportunities in health care delivery system as the demand for intelligent and knowledge-based systems has increased as modern medical practices become more knowledge-intensive. As a result of this, there is greater need to investigate the pervasiveness of software faults in Safety critical medical systems for proper diagnosis. The sheer volume of code in these systems creates significant concerns about the quality of the software. The rate of untimely deaths nowadays is alarming partly due to the medical device used to carry out the diagnosis process. A safety-critical medical (SCM) system is a complex system in which the malfunctioning of software could result in death, injury of the patient or damage to the environment. The malfunctioning of the software could be as a result of the inadequacy in software testing due to test suit problem or oracle problem. Testing a SCM system poses great challenges to software testers. One of these challenges is the need to generate a limited number of test cases of a given regression test suite in a manner that does not compromise its defect detection ability. This paper presents a novel five-stage fault-based testing procedure for SCM, a model-based approach to generate test cases for differential diagnosis of Tuberculosis. We used Prime Path Coverage and Edge-Pair Coverage as coverage criteria to ensure maximum coverage to identify feasible paths. We analyzed the proposed testing procedure with the help of three metrics consisting of Fault Detection Density, Fault Detection Effectiveness and Mutation Adequacy Score. We evaluated the effectiveness of our testing procedure by running the suggested test cases on a sample historical data of tuberculosis patients. The experimental results show that our developed testing procedure has some advantages such as creating mutant graphs and Fuzzy Cognitive Map Engine while resolving the problem of eliminating infeasible test cases for effective decision making.","PeriodicalId":62222,"journal":{"name":"软件工程与应用(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49380488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2020.136008
Alessia Goffi, Gloria Bordogna, D. Stroppiana, M. Boschetti, P. Brivio
The paper proposes a scalable fuzzy approach for mapping the status of the environment integrating several distinct models exploiting geo big data. The process is structured into two phases: the first one can exploit products yielded by distinct models of remote sensing image interpretation defined in the scientific literature, and knowledge of domain experts, possibly ill-defined, for computing partial evidence of a phenomenon. The second phase integrates the partial evidence maps through a learning mechanism exploiting ground truth to compute a synthetic Environmental Status Indicator (ESI) map. The proposal resembles an ensemble approach with the difference that the aggregation is not necessarily consensual but can model a distinct decision attitude in between pessimistic and optimistic. It is scalable and can be implemented in a distributed processing framework, so as to make feasible ESI mapping in near real time to support land monitoring. It is exemplified to map the presence of standing water areas, indicator of water resources, agro-practices or natural hazard from remote sensing by considering different models.
{"title":"A Scalable Synthesis of Multiple Models of Geo Big Data Interpretation","authors":"Alessia Goffi, Gloria Bordogna, D. Stroppiana, M. Boschetti, P. Brivio","doi":"10.4236/jsea.2020.136008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2020.136008","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a scalable fuzzy approach for mapping the status of the environment integrating several distinct models exploiting geo big data. The process is structured into two phases: the first one can exploit products yielded by distinct models of remote sensing image interpretation defined in the scientific literature, and knowledge of domain experts, possibly ill-defined, for computing partial evidence of a phenomenon. The second phase integrates the partial evidence maps through a learning mechanism exploiting ground truth to compute a synthetic Environmental Status Indicator (ESI) map. The proposal resembles an ensemble approach with the difference that the aggregation is not necessarily consensual but can model a distinct decision attitude in between pessimistic and optimistic. It is scalable and can be implemented in a distributed processing framework, so as to make feasible ESI mapping in near real time to support land monitoring. It is exemplified to map the presence of standing water areas, indicator of water resources, agro-practices or natural hazard from remote sensing by considering different models.","PeriodicalId":62222,"journal":{"name":"软件工程与应用(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44093265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-09DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2020.135006
E. O. Aliyu, A. O. Adetunmbi, B. Ojokoh
In this paper, a method to initiate, develop and visualize an abstract syntax tree (AST) in C++ source code is presented. The approach is in chronological order starting with collection of program codes as a string and split into individual characters using regular expression. This will be followed by separating the token grammar using best first search (BFS) algorithm to determine node having lowest value, lastly followed by graph presentation of intermediate representation achieved with the help of graph visualization software (GraphViz) while former is implemented using python programming language version 3. The efficacy of our approach is used in analyzing C++ code and yielded a satisfactory result.
{"title":"Intermediate Representation Using Graph Visualization Software","authors":"E. O. Aliyu, A. O. Adetunmbi, B. Ojokoh","doi":"10.4236/jsea.2020.135006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2020.135006","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a method to initiate, develop and visualize an abstract syntax tree (AST) in C++ source code is presented. The approach is in chronological order starting with collection of program codes as a string and split into individual characters using regular expression. This will be followed by separating the token grammar using best first search (BFS) algorithm to determine node having lowest value, lastly followed by graph presentation of intermediate representation achieved with the help of graph visualization software (GraphViz) while former is implemented using python programming language version 3. The efficacy of our approach is used in analyzing C++ code and yielded a satisfactory result.","PeriodicalId":62222,"journal":{"name":"软件工程与应用(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47476526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-08DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2020.134005
Raymond Okon, Ebele Leticia Eleberi, K. K. Uka
Institutional repositories are essential research infrastructure for research-based universities. A properly dimensioned institutional repository has the potential to increase research impact and enhance the visibility of an institution through its scholarly outputs. The aim of the study is to design and develop a web-based digital repository for scholarly materials and publications in a tertiary institution. The motivation for carrying out this project is to provide a lasting solution to the need for an effective, efficient, reliable and easily accessible system for storing and retrieving scholarly materials, which will make study and research work less cumbersome and stressful for academic staff and students, thereby enabling them to easily carry out their day-to-day activities, especially as it concerns obtaining relevant scholarly information quickly. The system will be developed using open source software and OOADM (Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology). Findings obtained from system validation tests show that the system is a viable solution to the major challenges encountered in the management and sharing of scholarly information at the institution.
{"title":"A Web Based Digital Repository for Scholarly Publication","authors":"Raymond Okon, Ebele Leticia Eleberi, K. K. Uka","doi":"10.4236/jsea.2020.134005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2020.134005","url":null,"abstract":"Institutional repositories are essential research infrastructure for research-based universities. A properly dimensioned institutional repository has the potential to increase research impact and enhance the visibility of an institution through its scholarly outputs. The aim of the study is to design and develop a web-based digital repository for scholarly materials and publications in a tertiary institution. The motivation for carrying out this project is to provide a lasting solution to the need for an effective, efficient, reliable and easily accessible system for storing and retrieving scholarly materials, which will make study and research work less cumbersome and stressful for academic staff and students, thereby enabling them to easily carry out their day-to-day activities, especially as it concerns obtaining relevant scholarly information quickly. The system will be developed using open source software and OOADM (Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology). Findings obtained from system validation tests show that the system is a viable solution to the major challenges encountered in the management and sharing of scholarly information at the institution.","PeriodicalId":62222,"journal":{"name":"软件工程与应用(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41319899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-08DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2020.134004
C. Tzimopoulos, G. Papaevangelou, Kyriakos Papadopoulos, C. Evangelides, G. Arampatzis
In this article, we examine the solution of the fuzzy linear vertical infiltration equation, which represents the water movement in porous media in that part which is called the vadose zone. This zone is very important for semi-arid areas, due to complex phenomena related to the moisture content in it. These phenomena concern the interchange of moisture content between the vadose zone and the atmosphere, groundwater and vegetation, transfer of moisture and vapor and retention of moisture. The equation describing the problem is a partial differential parabolic equation of second order. The calculation of water flow in the unsaturated zone requires the knowledge of the initial and boundary conditions as well as the various soil parameters. But these parameters are subject to different kinds of uncertainty due to human and machine imprecision. For that reason, fuzzy set theory was used here for facing imprecision or vagueness. As the problem concerns fuzzy differential equations, the generalized Hukuhara (gH) derivative was used for total derivatives, as well as the extension of this theory for partial derivatives. The results are the fuzzy moisture content, the fuzzy cumulative infiltration and the fuzzy infiltration rate versus time. These results allow researchers and engineers involved in Irrigation and Drainage Engineering to take into account the uncertainties involved in infiltration.
{"title":"Fuzzy Analytical Solution to Vertical Infiltration","authors":"C. Tzimopoulos, G. Papaevangelou, Kyriakos Papadopoulos, C. Evangelides, G. Arampatzis","doi":"10.4236/jsea.2020.134004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2020.134004","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we examine the solution of the fuzzy linear vertical infiltration equation, which represents the water movement in porous media in that part which is called the vadose zone. This zone is very important for semi-arid areas, due to complex phenomena related to the moisture content in it. These phenomena concern the interchange of moisture content between the vadose zone and the atmosphere, groundwater and vegetation, transfer of moisture and vapor and retention of moisture. The equation describing the problem is a partial differential parabolic equation of second order. The calculation of water flow in the unsaturated zone requires the knowledge of the initial and boundary conditions as well as the various soil parameters. But these parameters are subject to different kinds of uncertainty due to human and machine imprecision. For that reason, fuzzy set theory was used here for facing imprecision or vagueness. As the problem concerns fuzzy differential equations, the generalized Hukuhara (gH) derivative was used for total derivatives, as well as the extension of this theory for partial derivatives. The results are the fuzzy moisture content, the fuzzy cumulative infiltration and the fuzzy infiltration rate versus time. These results allow researchers and engineers involved in Irrigation and Drainage Engineering to take into account the uncertainties involved in infiltration.","PeriodicalId":62222,"journal":{"name":"软件工程与应用(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45939658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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