This contribution describes a research of measurement uncertainty of industrial emissions flowing through vertical stacks and its dependence on different geometrical configurations and physical conditions. Since the legislative requirements for emission limits from industrial processes are decreasing, the higher measurement accuracy is becoming more important and new uncertainty standards needs to be implemented. This contribution is a part of the research project 18NRM04 Heroes under European Metrology Program for Innovation and Research (EMPIR). CFD modelling is used to analyse particle distributions in stacks with three different geometries of a supply pipe, different size of the particles and several concentrations. Vertical stack with a circular cross section of a diameter of 0.75 m is considered with the supply pipe containing none, one or two bends. The number of particles entering the stack defines the initial volumetric concentration from 0.1 to 10 mg·m -3 with the particle size from 10 to 50 μm. Concentration fields in several cross-sections were compared and the particle distributions were analysed as functions of the physical conditions and the chosen geometry of the stack. The results show not very high sensitivity of the concentration profiles on the initial concentrations. On the other hand, significant changes of the concentration fields are observed when the stack geometry or the particle diameter is changed. This should be taken into account in the iso-kinetic sampling practise where the overall concentrations are calculated from measurements in several points.
{"title":"Modelling of uncertainties of an emission concentration measurement in stacks","authors":"S. Knotek, J. Geršl","doi":"10.21014/tc9-2022.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/tc9-2022.045","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution describes a research of measurement uncertainty of industrial emissions flowing through vertical stacks and its dependence on different geometrical configurations and physical conditions. Since the legislative requirements for emission limits from industrial processes are decreasing, the higher measurement accuracy is becoming more important and new uncertainty standards needs to be implemented. This contribution is a part of the research project 18NRM04 Heroes under European Metrology Program for Innovation and Research (EMPIR). CFD modelling is used to analyse particle distributions in stacks with three different geometries of a supply pipe, different size of the particles and several concentrations. Vertical stack with a circular cross section of a diameter of 0.75 m is considered with the supply pipe containing none, one or two bends. The number of particles entering the stack defines the initial volumetric concentration from 0.1 to 10 mg·m -3 with the particle size from 10 to 50 μm. Concentration fields in several cross-sections were compared and the particle distributions were analysed as functions of the physical conditions and the chosen geometry of the stack. The results show not very high sensitivity of the concentration profiles on the initial concentrations. On the other hand, significant changes of the concentration fields are observed when the stack geometry or the particle diameter is changed. This should be taken into account in the iso-kinetic sampling practise where the overall concentrations are calculated from measurements in several points.","PeriodicalId":62400,"journal":{"name":"流量控制、测量及可视化(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81570092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Verification process for gas flow accurately adjust the actual problem of precision and quality control, research and development for more than a set of suitable for the working conditions of gas source in high-pressure natural gas metering intelligent detection system, the flow control of intelligent controller based on composite algorithm, using the three-dimensional laser scanning and BIM building information model technology to digital reduction verification yard, The industrial application of intelligent verification of natural gas real flow in China is realized. Dynamic processes such as intelligent decision-making, accurate execution and digital perception are completed through the system's independent identification verification task, which greatly improves verification efficiency and verification quality control level
{"title":"Exploration and Prospect of intelligent technology for natural gas data acquisition and control system","authors":"Zhe Liu, Yan Wu, Chaofan Song","doi":"10.21014/tc9-2022.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/tc9-2022.106","url":null,"abstract":"Verification process for gas flow accurately adjust the actual problem of precision and quality control, research and development for more than a set of suitable for the working conditions of gas source in high-pressure natural gas metering intelligent detection system, the flow control of intelligent controller based on composite algorithm, using the three-dimensional laser scanning and BIM building information model technology to digital reduction verification yard, The industrial application of intelligent verification of natural gas real flow in China is realized. Dynamic processes such as intelligent decision-making, accurate execution and digital perception are completed through the system's independent identification verification task, which greatly improves verification efficiency and verification quality control level","PeriodicalId":62400,"journal":{"name":"流量控制、测量及可视化(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85907379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The high-pressure loop gas flow standard facility (hereinafter referred to as the facility) is a working measurement standard [1] for gas flowmeters to perform measurement performance tests under different pressures. It can study and improve the measurement performance of flowmeters under different pressures and different gas media, which is of great significance to the research of flow measurement technology. This paper studies the temperature control technology of the facility, the purpose is to make the temperature meet the working requirements of the facility and as close as possible to the existing international advanced level. Through theoretical analysis and experimental methods, combined with the author's company and the experience of external construction facilities, this paper designs an intelligent control system including its various subsystems, and realizes the design requirement that the temperature change of the facility's working gas is not greater than ± 0.1 ℃ /min. This paper shares the construction experience, and proposes a technical route for further improvement by using advanced control methods such as fuzzy control and neural network control to reach the existing international excellent level of ±0.05 °C/min.
{"title":"Research on Temperature Control Technology of high- Pressure Loop Gas Flow Standard Facility","authors":"Chaojian Tao, Jiaodan Chen, Liqiong Huang, Shuqiang Chen, Shuxi Lin, Q. Lin, Zeng Hong","doi":"10.21014/tc9-2022.080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/tc9-2022.080","url":null,"abstract":"The high-pressure loop gas flow standard facility (hereinafter referred to as the facility) is a working measurement standard [1] for gas flowmeters to perform measurement performance tests under different pressures. It can study and improve the measurement performance of flowmeters under different pressures and different gas media, which is of great significance to the research of flow measurement technology. This paper studies the temperature control technology of the facility, the purpose is to make the temperature meet the working requirements of the facility and as close as possible to the existing international advanced level. Through theoretical analysis and experimental methods, combined with the author's company and the experience of external construction facilities, this paper designs an intelligent control system including its various subsystems, and realizes the design requirement that the temperature change of the facility's working gas is not greater than ± 0.1 ℃ /min. This paper shares the construction experience, and proposes a technical route for further improvement by using advanced control methods such as fuzzy control and neural network control to reach the existing international excellent level of ±0.05 °C/min.","PeriodicalId":62400,"journal":{"name":"流量控制、测量及可视化(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76442130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on Methods to Reduce the Influence of Medium Evaporation on Liquid Micro-Flow Facility","authors":"L. Liu, C. Zhou, T. Meng","doi":"10.21014/tc9-2022.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/tc9-2022.133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62400,"journal":{"name":"流量控制、测量及可视化(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87810585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to compare the viscosity measurement standard systems of the KRISS and PTB, as well as to confirm the international equivalence of the standard viscosity measurement system built in the KRISS. The KRISS constructed a viscosity measurement standard system using an Ubbelohde-type capillary viscometer. In the KRISS, the viscometer was calibrated based on the water viscosity standard ISO TR 3666, and 16 viscometer coefficients were obtained using the step-up method. The measured viscosity was corrected by evaluating the surface tension, buoyancy, and kinetic energy. The uncertainty of the measurement system, including the temperature and measurement time, was evaluated. The measurement range of the viscosity measurement standard system was 0.3 to 100000 mm 2 /s, with 0.13%–0.5 % uncertainty (U, k = 2). A bilateral comparison of the viscosity measurement standard system between KRISS and PTB was conducted using three different viscosity standard liquids (5A, 2000A, and 50000A) synthesized by the PTB. The viscosity of the standard liquid was measured at three different temperatures (15 °C, 20 °C, and 40 °C), and comparisons were performed under all six experimental conditions (5A/15 °C, 5A/20 °C, 2000A/20 °C, 2000A/40 °C, 50000A/20 °C, and 50000A/40 °C). By considering the uncertainty, the calculated En was less than 1 (0.17–0.72) for all experimental cases. Therefore, it was confirmed that the recently constructed viscosity standard system of the KRISS exhibits mutual equivalence with the viscosity measurement standard system of the PTB. In the future, KRISS will register the viscosity measurement standard system in a CMC based on the results of this bilateral comparison.
本研究对KRISS和PTB的粘度测量标准体系进行比较，确认KRISS建立的粘度测量标准体系在国际上的等效性。KRISS采用ubbelode型毛细管粘度计构建了粘度测量标准体系。在KRISS中，根据水粘度标准ISO TR 3666对粘度计进行了标定，并采用升压法获得了16个粘度计系数。通过评估表面张力、浮力和动能来校正测量的粘度。对测量系统的不确定度进行了评定，包括温度和测量时间。粘度测量标准体系的测量范围为0.3 ~ 100000 mm 2 /s，不确定度为0.13% ~ 0.5% (U, k = 2)。采用PTB合成的3种不同粘度标准液(5A、2000A和50000A)，对KRISS和PTB的粘度测量标准体系进行了双边比较。在15°C、20°C和40°C三种不同温度下测量标准液的粘度，并在5A/15°C、5A/20°C、2000A/20°C、2000A/40°C、50000A/20°C和50000A/40°C六种实验条件下进行比较。考虑不确定性，计算出的En在所有实验情况下均小于1(0.17-0.72)。由此证实，新建立的KRISS粘度标准体系与PTB粘度测量标准体系具有相互等效性。未来，KRISS将根据这一双边比较的结果，在CMC中注册粘度测量标准体系。
{"title":"Bilateral comparison of viscosity measurement standard system between KRISS and PTB","authors":"S. H. Lee, J. Rauch, B. Yoon","doi":"10.21014/tc9-2022.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/tc9-2022.065","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to compare the viscosity measurement standard systems of the KRISS and PTB, as well as to confirm the international equivalence of the standard viscosity measurement system built in the KRISS. The KRISS constructed a viscosity measurement standard system using an Ubbelohde-type capillary viscometer. In the KRISS, the viscometer was calibrated based on the water viscosity standard ISO TR 3666, and 16 viscometer coefficients were obtained using the step-up method. The measured viscosity was corrected by evaluating the surface tension, buoyancy, and kinetic energy. The uncertainty of the measurement system, including the temperature and measurement time, was evaluated. The measurement range of the viscosity measurement standard system was 0.3 to 100000 mm 2 /s, with 0.13%–0.5 % uncertainty (U, k = 2). A bilateral comparison of the viscosity measurement standard system between KRISS and PTB was conducted using three different viscosity standard liquids (5A, 2000A, and 50000A) synthesized by the PTB. The viscosity of the standard liquid was measured at three different temperatures (15 °C, 20 °C, and 40 °C), and comparisons were performed under all six experimental conditions (5A/15 °C, 5A/20 °C, 2000A/20 °C, 2000A/40 °C, 50000A/20 °C, and 50000A/40 °C). By considering the uncertainty, the calculated En was less than 1 (0.17–0.72) for all experimental cases. Therefore, it was confirmed that the recently constructed viscosity standard system of the KRISS exhibits mutual equivalence with the viscosity measurement standard system of the PTB. In the future, KRISS will register the viscosity measurement standard system in a CMC based on the results of this bilateral comparison.","PeriodicalId":62400,"journal":{"name":"流量控制、测量及可视化(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82641114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the Uncertainty of the Doppler Frequency for the Calibration of LDV within the Speed of (0.1~340) m/s","authors":"Y. W. Zhang, L. Cui, D. Xie, H. Zhang","doi":"10.21014/tc9-2022.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/tc9-2022.101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62400,"journal":{"name":"流量控制、测量及可视化(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86607211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chuanbo Zheng, Lei Zhou, Canzuo Li, Wei Han, Xing Qian
{"title":"Research on Countermeasures of Internal fouling in Turbine Flowmeter","authors":"Chuanbo Zheng, Lei Zhou, Canzuo Li, Wei Han, Xing Qian","doi":"10.21014/tc9-2022.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/tc9-2022.123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62400,"journal":{"name":"流量控制、测量及可视化(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86721549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quanbin Pei, Ming Xu, Qing Qing, Haiming Yan, Kexu Wang
{"title":"Discussion on measurement and evaluation method ofnatural gas flow computer","authors":"Quanbin Pei, Ming Xu, Qing Qing, Haiming Yan, Kexu Wang","doi":"10.21014/tc9-2022.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/tc9-2022.040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62400,"journal":{"name":"流量控制、测量及可视化(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80573140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Gao, LiFen Wan, Tao Wang, Qiming Li, Yong Wang, Qian Cheng
{"title":"The Effect of Stagnation Pressure on the Critical Back- Pressure Ratio of Sonic Nozzle by Positive Pressure Method","authors":"F. Gao, LiFen Wan, Tao Wang, Qiming Li, Yong Wang, Qian Cheng","doi":"10.21014/tc9-2022.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/tc9-2022.089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62400,"journal":{"name":"流量控制、测量及可视化(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79106769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncertainty Evaluation of Fluid Density at High Air Speed Standard in NMIJ","authors":"A. Iwai, T. Funaki","doi":"10.21014/tc9-2022.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/tc9-2022.057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62400,"journal":{"name":"流量控制、测量及可视化(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83217817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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