This paper proposes the new speed control method of electric vehicles by generating the longitudinal speed pattern for improving the ride comfort against the longitudinal acceleration/deceleration. Since the longitudinal acceleration/deceleration of EVs causes the discomfort of passengers, reducing such bad effect of acceleration/deceleration acting on passengers is very important for not only the ride comfort of passengers but also vehicle running safety. The proposed method is applying the general optimal control theory and it generates the speed pattern for improving the passenger ride quality based on evaluating the variations of acceleration and the jerk which is time derivative of the acceleration. The effectiveness of the present method is demonstrated through numerical experiments compared with some conventional methods.
{"title":"Speed Control Method of Electric Vehicle for Improving Passenger Ride Quality","authors":"Hidetake Fuse, T. Kawabe, Masayuki Kawamoto","doi":"10.4236/ICA.2017.81003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ICA.2017.81003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the new speed control method of electric vehicles by generating the longitudinal speed pattern for improving the ride comfort against the longitudinal acceleration/deceleration. Since the longitudinal acceleration/deceleration of EVs causes the discomfort of passengers, reducing such bad effect of acceleration/deceleration acting on passengers is very important for not only the ride comfort of passengers but also vehicle running safety. The proposed method is applying the general optimal control theory and it generates the speed pattern for improving the passenger ride quality based on evaluating the variations of acceleration and the jerk which is time derivative of the acceleration. The effectiveness of the present method is demonstrated through numerical experiments compared with some conventional methods.","PeriodicalId":62904,"journal":{"name":"智能控制与自动化(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"29-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45194099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is focused on studying an important concept of the system analysis, which is the regional enlarged observability or constrained observability of the gradient for distributed parabolic systems evolving in the spatial domain Ω We will explore an approach based on the Hilbert Uniqueness Method (HUM), which can reconstruct the initial gradient state between two prescribed functions f1 and f2 only in a critical subregion ω of Ω without the knowledge of the state. Finally, the obtained results are illustrated by numerical simulations.
{"title":"Enlarged Gradient Observability for Distributed Parabolic Systems: HUM Approach","authors":"Hayat Zouiten, A. Boutoulout, F. E. Alaoui","doi":"10.4236/ICA.2017.81002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ICA.2017.81002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is focused on studying an important concept of the system analysis, which is the regional enlarged observability or constrained observability of the gradient for distributed parabolic systems evolving in the spatial domain Ω We will explore an approach based on the Hilbert Uniqueness Method (HUM), which can reconstruct the initial gradient state between two prescribed functions f1 and f2 only in a critical subregion ω of Ω without the knowledge of the state. Finally, the obtained results are illustrated by numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":62904,"journal":{"name":"智能控制与自动化(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70626784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, an optimal control scheme for wind turbine output torque and power regulation under the influence of wind disturbances is presented. The system considered is a dynamic mechanical-based model with pitch and generator torque actuators for controlling the pitch and generator torque. The performance of linear matrix inequality (LMI) formalism of linear quadratic regulator (LQR); linear quadratic regulator with integral action (LQRI) and model predictive control (MPC) were compared in response to a step change in wind disturbance. It is shown by Matlab simulation that the LQRI outperformed both LQR and MPC controllers.
{"title":"Optimal Control of Wind Turbines under Islanded Operation","authors":"M. Mahmoud, M. Oyedeji","doi":"10.4236/ICA.2017.81001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ICA.2017.81001","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an optimal control scheme for wind turbine output torque and power regulation under the influence of wind disturbances is presented. The system considered is a dynamic mechanical-based model with pitch and generator torque actuators for controlling the pitch and generator torque. The performance of linear matrix inequality (LMI) formalism of linear quadratic regulator (LQR); linear quadratic regulator with integral action (LQRI) and model predictive control (MPC) were compared in response to a step change in wind disturbance. It is shown by Matlab simulation that the LQRI outperformed both LQR and MPC controllers.","PeriodicalId":62904,"journal":{"name":"智能控制与自动化(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70626416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q-learning is a popular temporal-difference reinforcement learning algorithm which often explicitly stores state values using lookup tables. This implementation has been proven to converge to the optimal solution, but it is often beneficial to use a function-approximation system, such as deep neural networks, to estimate state values. It has been previously observed that Q-learning can be unstable when using value function approximation or when operating in a stochastic environment. This instability can adversely affect the algorithm’s ability to maximize its returns. In this paper, we present a new algorithm called Multi Q-learning to attempt to overcome the instability seen in Q-learning. We test our algorithm on a 4 × 4 grid-world with different stochastic reward functions using various deep neural networks and convolutional networks. Our results show that in most cases, Multi Q-learning outperforms Q-learning, achieving average returns up to 2.5 times higher than Q-learning and having a standard deviation of state values as low as 0.58.
{"title":"Exploring Deep Reinforcement Learning with Multi Q-Learning","authors":"E. Duryea, Michael Ganger, Wei Hu","doi":"10.4236/ICA.2016.74012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ICA.2016.74012","url":null,"abstract":"Q-learning is a popular temporal-difference reinforcement learning algorithm which often explicitly stores state values using lookup tables. This implementation has been proven to converge to the optimal solution, but it is often beneficial to use a function-approximation system, such as deep neural networks, to estimate state values. It has been previously observed that Q-learning can be unstable when using value function approximation or when operating in a stochastic environment. This instability can adversely affect the algorithm’s ability to maximize its returns. In this paper, we present a new algorithm called Multi Q-learning to attempt to overcome the instability seen in Q-learning. We test our algorithm on a 4 × 4 grid-world with different stochastic reward functions using various deep neural networks and convolutional networks. Our results show that in most cases, Multi Q-learning outperforms Q-learning, achieving average returns up to 2.5 times higher than Q-learning and having a standard deviation of state values as low as 0.58.","PeriodicalId":62904,"journal":{"name":"智能控制与自动化(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"129-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70626871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most important goals followed in most systems is to increase efficiency, reduce errors and enhance ease of data entry tasks such as better services in organizations. Therefore, the use of intelligent tools is of the most important requirements for a management system in order to collect complete and accurate data and create complete information. In management, use of new technologies is recommended to have smart systems and reduce human errors. This study aimed to investigate “professors and students attendance system using RFID” and research population consists of professors and students. Findings show that, as attendance checking system in universities and schools is done through the class list and checking attendance of students needs to spend time and energy so it leads to a waste of valuable time and energy of professors to teach. Therefore, it is essential to use efficient and modern systems, because with the design and implementation of RFID attendance system and replacing the traditional system, time and energy waste could be avoided and attendance system could be promoted to an intelligent and integrated one. The designed system includes a number of hours of presence and absence, delays and rush to pay the salaries of professors at the University with its automatic identification through radio frequency. This system aims to create changes in this area and it is economic in whole.
{"title":"The Possibility of Using RFID System to Automate and Integrate the Attendance of Professors and Students in the Classroom","authors":"M. Meghdadi, Ahad Abbaszadeh Azar","doi":"10.4236/ICA.2016.74010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ICA.2016.74010","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important goals followed in most systems is to increase \u0000efficiency, reduce errors and enhance ease of data entry tasks such as better \u0000services in organizations. Therefore, the use of intelligent tools is of the \u0000most important requirements for a management system in order to collect \u0000complete and accurate data and create complete information. In management, use \u0000of new technologies is recommended to have smart systems and reduce human \u0000errors. This study aimed to investigate “professors and students attendance \u0000system using RFID” and research population consists of professors and students. \u0000Findings show that, as attendance checking system in universities and schools \u0000is done through the class list and checking attendance of students needs to \u0000spend time and energy so it leads to a waste of valuable time and energy of \u0000professors to teach. Therefore, it is essential to use efficient and modern \u0000systems, because with the design and implementation of RFID attendance system \u0000and replacing the traditional system, time and energy waste could be avoided \u0000and attendance system could be promoted to an intelligent and integrated one. \u0000The designed system includes a number of hours of presence and absence, delays \u0000and rush to pay the salaries of professors at the University with its automatic \u0000identification through radio frequency. This system aims to create changes in \u0000this area and it is economic in whole.","PeriodicalId":62904,"journal":{"name":"智能控制与自动化(英文)","volume":"27 1","pages":"93-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70626395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper addresses a digital controller for a real time magnetic levitation system using series expansion of pulse transfer function, which achieves desired closed loop response. The proposed digital controller designed, based on series expansion of pulse transfer function by solving a linear equation using the method of least squares, which improves the transient performance and step tracking capability of the compensated system. The designed algorithm used for the control input is not iterative, so the calculation is very fast. The proposed control scheme has successfully applied on maglev system and also validated through the simulation and hardware experimental results.
{"title":"Real Time Implementation of Series Expansion Based Digital Controller for Magnetic Levitation System","authors":"A. Pati, V. K. Verma, R. Negi, S. K. Nagar","doi":"10.4236/ICA.2016.74011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ICA.2016.74011","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses a digital controller for a real time magnetic levitation system using series expansion of pulse transfer function, which achieves desired closed loop response. The proposed digital controller designed, based on series expansion of pulse transfer function by solving a linear equation using the method of least squares, which improves the transient performance and step tracking capability of the compensated system. The designed algorithm used for the control input is not iterative, so the calculation is very fast. The proposed control scheme has successfully applied on maglev system and also validated through the simulation and hardware experimental results.","PeriodicalId":62904,"journal":{"name":"智能控制与自动化(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"110-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70626676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article describes an approach to building a self-learning diagnostic algorithm. The self-learning algorithm creates models of the object under consideration. The models are formed periodically through a certain time period. The model includes a set of functions that can describe whole object, or a part of the object, or a specified functionality of the object. Thus, information about fault location can be obtained. During operation of the object the algorithm collects data received from sensors. Then the algorithm creates samples related to steady state operation. Clustering of those samples is used for the functions definition. Values of the functions in the centers of clusters are stored in the computer’s memory. To illustrate the considered approach, its application to the diagnosis of turbomachines is described.
{"title":"A Self-Learning Diagnosis Algorithm Based on Data Clustering","authors":"D. Tretyakov","doi":"10.4236/ICA.2016.73009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ICA.2016.73009","url":null,"abstract":"The \u0000article describes an approach to building a self-learning diagnostic algorithm. \u0000The self-learning algorithm creates models of the object under consideration. \u0000The models are formed periodically through a certain time period. The model \u0000includes a set of functions that can describe whole object, or a part of the \u0000object, or a specified functionality of the object. Thus, information about \u0000fault location can be obtained. During operation of the object the algorithm \u0000collects data received from sensors. Then the algorithm creates samples related \u0000to steady state operation. Clustering of those samples is used for the \u0000functions definition. Values of the functions in the centers of clusters are \u0000stored in the computer’s memory. To illustrate the considered approach, its \u0000application to the diagnosis of turbomachines is described.","PeriodicalId":62904,"journal":{"name":"智能控制与自动化(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"84-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70626107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes the continuous controller design method for quantum Shannon entropy, which can continuously drive the entropy to track a desired trajectory. We also analyzed the controllability of Shannon entropy in very short time interval. Simulations are done on five dimensional quantum system, which can verify the validation of the method.
{"title":"Continuous Controller Design for Quantum Shannon Entropy","authors":"X. Yi-fan, Wensen Huang, Jinhui Zhao","doi":"10.4236/ICA.2016.73007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ICA.2016.73007","url":null,"abstract":"This \u0000paper proposes the continuous controller design method for quantum Shannon \u0000entropy, which can continuously drive the entropy to track a desired \u0000trajectory. We also analyzed the controllability of Shannon entropy in very \u0000short time interval. Simulations are done on five dimensional quantum system, \u0000which can verify the validation of the method.","PeriodicalId":62904,"journal":{"name":"智能控制与自动化(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70626162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we propose a motion planning system for bin picking using 3-D point cloud. The situation that the objects are put miscellaneously like the inside in a house is assumed. In the home, the equipment which makes an object stand in line doesn’t exist. Therefore the motion planning system which considered a collision problem becomes important. In this paper, Information on the objects is measured by a laser range finder (LRF). The information is used as 3-D point cloud, and the objects are recognized by model-base. We propose search method of a grasping point for two-fingered robotic hand, and propose search method of a path to approach the grasping point without colliding with other objects.
{"title":"Motion Planning System for Bin Picking Using 3-D Point Cloud","authors":"M. Hikizu, S. Mikami, H. Seki","doi":"10.4236/ICA.2016.73008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ICA.2016.73008","url":null,"abstract":"In \u0000this paper, we propose a motion planning system for bin picking using 3-D point \u0000cloud. The situation that the objects are put miscellaneously like the inside \u0000in a house is assumed. In the home, the equipment which makes an object stand \u0000in line doesn’t exist. Therefore the motion planning system which considered a \u0000collision problem becomes important. In this paper, Information on the objects is \u0000measured by a laser range finder (LRF). The information is used as 3-D point \u0000cloud, and the objects are recognized by model-base. We propose search method \u0000of a grasping point for two-fingered robotic hand, and propose search method of \u0000a path to approach the grasping point without colliding with other objects.","PeriodicalId":62904,"journal":{"name":"智能控制与自动化(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"73-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70626387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) displays chaotic phenomenon when PMSM in power on or power off. At present, there are many methods to control chaos in PMSM. However, there appears oscillation in course of control chaos in PMSM, which has an effect on practical application. This paper proposes error control based on adaptive backstepping to control chaos in PMSM; an error control item is added in each step virtual control design which has control effect of unknown dynamical error on system. This scheme can eliminate oscillation in course of control chaos. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of theoretical analysis.
{"title":"Based on Adaptive Backstepping Error Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor","authors":"Hua Jiang, Da Lin, Yong-Chun Liu, Hong-jiao Song","doi":"10.4236/ICA.2016.72003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ICA.2016.72003","url":null,"abstract":"Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) displays chaotic phenomenon when PMSM in power on or power off. At present, there are many methods to control chaos in PMSM. However, there appears oscillation in course of control chaos in PMSM, which has an effect on practical application. This paper proposes error control based on adaptive backstepping to control chaos in PMSM; an error control item is added in each step virtual control design which has control effect of unknown dynamical error on system. This scheme can eliminate oscillation in course of control chaos. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":62904,"journal":{"name":"智能控制与自动化(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70626060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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